Ferrite Transformer Turns Calculation For High

Ferrite Transformer Turns Calculation for High-Frequency/SMPS Inverter
On different forums, I often find people asking for help in calculating the required turns for a
ferrite transformer they are going to use in high-frequency/SMPS inverters. In a highfrequency/SMPS inverter, the ferrite transformer is used in the step-up/boost stage where the low
voltage DC from the battery is stepped up to high voltage DC. In this situation, there are really
only two choices when selecting topology push-pull and full-bridge. For transformer design,
the difference between a push-pull and a full-bridge transformer for same voltage and power will
be that the push-pull transformer will require a center tap, meaning it will require twice the
number of primary turns as the full-bridge transformer.
Calculation of required turns is actually quite simple and Ill explain this here.
For explanation, Ill use an example and go through the calculation process.
Lets say the ferrite transformer will be used in a 250W inverter. The selected topology is pushpull. The power source is a 12V battery. Output voltage of the DC-DC converter stage will be
310V. Switching frequency is 50kHz. The selected core is ETD39. Remember that the output of
the transformer will be high frequency AC (50kHz square wave in this case). When I refer to an
output of high voltage DC (eg 310VDC mentioned above), this is the DC output obtained after
rectification (using ultrafast recovery diodes configured as bridge rectifier) and filtration (using
LC filter).
During operation, the battery voltage does not stay fixed at 12V. With high loads, the voltage will
be less than 12V. With low loads and near-fully charged battery, the voltage may be higher than
13V. So, it must be kept in mind that the input voltage is not constant, but is variable. In
inverters, the battery low-cut is usually set at 10.5V. So, well take this as our lowest possible
input voltage.
Vinmin = 10.5V
The formula for calculating the number of required primary turns is:
For our push-pull transformer, this will be one-half the required number of turns.
Npri means number of primary turns; Nsec means number of secondary turns; Naux means number
of auxiliary turns and so on. But just N (with no subscript) refers to turns ratio.
For calculating the required number of primary turns using the formula, the parameters or
variables that need to be considered are:
Vin(nom) Nominal Input Voltage. Well take this as 12V. So, Vin(nom) = 12.
f The operating switching frequency in Hertz. Since our switching frequency is 50kHz,
f = 50000.
Bmax Maximum flux density in Gauss. If youre used to using Tesla or milliTesla (T or
mT) for flux density, just remember that 1T = 104 Gauss. Bmax really depends on the
design and the transformer cores being used. In my designs, I usually take Bmax to be in
the range 1300G to 2000G. This will be acceptable for most transformer cores. In this
example, lets start with 1500G. So Bmax = 1500. Remember that too high a Bmax will
cause the transformer to saturate. Too low a Bmax will be under utilizing the core.
Ac Effective Cross-Sectional Area in cm2. You will get this information from the
datasheets of the ferrite cores. Ac is also sometimes referred to as Ae. For ETD39, the
effective cross-sectional area given in the datasheet/specification sheet (Im referring to
TDK E141. You can download it from here: www.tdk.co.jp/tefe02/e141.pdf ), the
effective cross-sectional area (in the specification sheet, its referred to as Ae but as Ive
said, its the same thing as Ac) is given as 125mm2. That is equal to 1.25cm2. So, Ac =
1.25 for ETD39.
So now, weve obtained the values of all required parameters for calculation Npri the number
of required primary turns.
Vin(nom) = 12
f = 50000
Plugging these values into the formula:
Bmax = 1500
Ac = 1.25
Npri = 3.2
We wont be using fractional windings, so well round off Npri to the nearest whole number, in
this case, rounded down to 3 turns. Now, before we finalize this and select Npri = 3, we better
make sure that Bmax is still within acceptable bounds. As weve decreased the number of turns
from the calculated figure (down to 3.0 from 3.2), Bmax will increase. We now need to figure out
just how much Bmax has increased and if that is still an acceptable value.
Vin(nom) = 12
f = 50000
Npri = 3
Ac = 1.25
Bmax = 1600
The new value of Bmax is well within acceptable bounds and so we can proceed with Npri = 3.
So, we now know that for the primary, our transformer will require 3 turns + 3 turns.
In any design, if you need to adjust the values, you can easily do so. But always remember to
check that Bmax is acceptable.
For example, if for construction difficulties, winding 3 turns + 3 turns becomes difficult,
you may use 2 turns + 2 turns or 4 turns + 4 turns. Increasing number of turns wont hurt
youll just be under utilizing the core. However, decreasing number of turns increases
Bmax, so just recheck to make sure Bmax is okay. The range Ive stated for Bmax (1300G to
2000G) is just an estimate. It will work for most cores. However, with many cores, you
can go higher to decrease the number of turns. Going lower will just be under utilizing
the core, but may sometimes be required if number of turns is too low.
Ive started off with a set Bmax and gone on to calculate Npri from there. You can also
assign a value of Npri and then check if Bmax is okay. If not, you can then increase or
decrease Npri as required and then check if Bmax is okay, and repeat this process until you
get a satisfactory result. For example, you may have set Npri = 2 and calculated Bmax
and decided that this was too high. So, you set Npri = 3 and calculated Bmax and decided
it was okay. Or you may have started with Npri = 4 and calculated Bmax and decided that
it was too low. So, you set Npri = 3 and calculated Bmax and decided it was okay.
Now its time to move on to the secondary. The output of our DC-DC converter is 310V. So, the
transformer output must be 310V at all input voltages, from all the way up from 13.5V to all the
way down to 10.5V. Naturally, feedback will be implemented to keep the output voltage fixed
even with line and load variations changes due to battery voltage change and also due to load
change. So, some headroom must be left for feedback to work. So, well design the transformer
with secondary rated at 330V. Feedback will just adjust the voltage required by changing the
duty cycle of the PWM control signals. Besides feedback, the headroom also compensates for
some of the losses in the converter and thus compensates for the voltage drops at different stages
for example, in the MOSFETs, in the transformer itself, in the output rectifiers, output inductor,
etc.
This means that the output must be capable of supplying 330V with input voltage equal to 10.5V
and also input voltage equal to 13.5V. For the PWM controller, well take maximum duty cycle
to be 98%. The gap allows for dead-time.
At minimum input voltage (when Vin = Vinmin), duty cycle will be maximum. Thus duty cycle
will be 98% when Vin = 10.5 = Vinmin. At maximum duty cycle = 98%, voltage to transformer
= 0.98 * 10.5V = 10.29V.
So, voltage ratio (secondary : primary) = 330V : 10.29V = 32.1
Since voltage ratio (secondary : primary) = 32.1, turns ratio (secondary : primary) must also be
32.1 as turns ratio (secondary : primary) = voltage ratio (secondary : primary). Turns ratio is
designated by N. So, in our case, N = 32.1 (Ive taken N as the ratio secondary : primary).
Npri = 3
Nsec = N * Npri = 32.1 * 3 = 96.3
Round off to the nearest whole number. Nsec = 96.
Thus 96 turns are required for the secondary. With proper implementation of feedback, a constant
310VDC output will be obtained throughout the entire input voltage range of 10.5V to 13.5V.
Here, one thing to note is that even though I took 98% as the maximum duty cycle, maximum
duty cycle in practice will be smaller since our transformer was calculated to provide 330V
output. In the circuit, the output will be 310V, so the duty cycle will be even lower. However, the
advantage here is that you can be certain that the output will not drop below 330V even with
heavy loads since a large enough headroom is provided for feedback to kick in and maintain the
output voltage even at high loads.
If any auxiliary windings are required, the required turns can be easily calculated. Let me show
with an example. Lets say we need an auxiliary winding to provide 19V. I know that the output
310V will be regulated, whatever the input voltage may be, within the range initially specified
(Vinmin to Vinmax 10.5V to 13.5V). So, the turns ratio for the auxiliary winding can be
calculated with respect to the secondary winding. Lets call this turns ratio (secondary :
auxiliary) NA.
NA = Nsec / Naux = Vsec / (Vaux + Vd). Vd is the output diode forward drop. Lets assume that in our
application, a schottky rectifier with a Vd = 0.5V is used.
So, NA = 310V / 19.5V =15.9
Nsec / Naux = NA
Naux = Nsec / NA = 96 / 15.9 = 5.96
Lets round off Naux to 6 and see what the output voltage is.
Vsec / (Vaux + Vd) = NA = Nsec / Naux = 96 / 6 =16.0
(Vaux + Vd) = Vsec / NA = 310V / 16.0 = 19.375V
Vaux = 19.375V 0.5V = 18.875V (rounded off)
I would say thats great for an auxiliary supply. If in your calculations you come to a voltage that
is too far off the required target voltage and thus greater accuracy is required, take Vaux as
something higher and use a voltage regulator.
For example, if in our previous example, instead of18.875V we had gotten 19.8V but needed
more accuracy, we could've used 24V or thereabouts and used a voltage regulator to give 19V
output.
So, there we have it. Our transformer has 3 turns + 3 turns for primary, 96 turns for secondary
and 6 turns for auxiliary.
Heres our transformer:
Calculating required number of turns for a transformer is actually a simple task and I hope that I
could help you understand how to do this. I hope this tutorial helps you in your ferrite
transformer designs. Do let me know your comments and feedback.
Posted by Tahmid at 4:23 PM
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196 comments:
1.
sandyDecember 24, 2012 at 8:30 AM
yes thamid it helps me very much,i have a dought generally ferrite transformers required
high frequency to drive is 50khz enough to convert 12vdc to 310vdc?
one more question home appliances required 230v then y we go for 310v ?
Reply
Replies
1.
AnonymousDecember 28, 2012 at 5:07 AM
310 = 230V RMS

Reply
2.
TahmidDecember 24, 2012 at 12:14 PM
Hi sandy,
I'm glad that my tutorial has helped you.
1) 50kHz is enough for use with ferrite transformer. Frequencies between 20kHz and
100kHz are usually used, with 30kHz, 50kHz, 75kHz and 100kHz being common
frequencies.
2) I assumed 220V instead of 230V. I was thinking of sine wave inverter. So, to obtain a
sine wave with RMS 220V, the peak must be 220V * sqrt(2) = 311V [sqrt(2) means
square root 2, which is equal to 1.4142135....]. So, I took 310V since the DC bus voltage
will be the peak voltage. When SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) is carried out,
you will receive an output of 220V.
If you are interested regarding SPWM, you may go through these:
http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2011/01/generation-and-implementation-of-sine.html
http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2012/10/smart-sine-software-to-generate-sine.html
http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2012/10/generation-of-sine-wave-using-spwm-in_10.html
http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2012/11/feedback-in-sine-wave-inverter-pic16f.html
Hope this helps.
Tahmid.
Reply
3.
sandyDecember 24, 2012 at 11:48 PM
yes thamid i have a small request i am trying to develope a 150w inverter with smps
transformer ,plz give your mail or send me a mail to this sandy.nani5@gmail.com .i will
send my circuit diagram to your mail ,plz verify it for my satisfaction.
Reply
4.
veeraDecember 27, 2012 at 5:59 AM
dear tahmid
Its really helpful for me I was designing boost converter for my solar home ups. I need
help from after reading the following link http://tahmidmc.blogspot.in/2012/09/some-ofmy-smps-circuits.html
I was in need of LCR Mere circuit can you post the firmware and circuit.
Reply
Replies
1.
Rupali SdsMay 14, 2013 at 9:28 AM
Thanks for sharing this info.Please visit my site also-design of transformer
Reply
5.
TahmidDecember 27, 2012 at 2:56 PM
You can get it if you search on Google. A good design was, I think, the IronBark LC
Meter. Do take a look.
Reply
6.
AnonymousDecember 30, 2012 at 12:50 AM
Thanks for your reply...!
regards
veera
Reply
7.
Rony ChakrabortyJanuary 8, 2013 at 9:26 AM
Dear Thamid I live in Chittagong. I'm also doing Power electronics research. Please
contact me at electrorony@gmail.com, or my website is www.ekushebangla.com
Reply
8.
TahmidJanuary 8, 2013 at 1:03 PM
Hi,
If you are interested in contacting me, you can email me at inferno-rage (at) hotmail.com
Reply
Replies
1.
AnonymousNovember 20, 2014 at 2:28 AM
Hi Tahmid,
It will be good if you post information about EMI filters for Inverters at the input.
Reply
9.
segarJanuary 20, 2013 at 8:35 AM
hi, tahmid the circuits i have see its useful for any fast projects
i have idea to build power inverter 6kw out put and input voltage is 48vdc the output
voltage is 240vac, but in here i want to use SMPS transformer to built and the power
mosfet ,can you help me to have any idea to guide me to help on it ,thanks
so keep and touch
Reply
10.
segarJanuary 20, 2013 at 8:41 AM
hi,TAHmid I forgot give you online email, you can directly email me via
segarlinktech@gmail.com
and also we can share many more on it TAHMID
my name is SEGAR.
THANKS BYE
Reply
11.
TahmidJanuary 20, 2013 at 11:11 AM
Hi,
Use SG3525 to feed into high-low side drivers that drive MOSFETs in full-bridge
configuration. These MOSFETs will drive a ferrite transformer. Rectify and filter the
output. That's the DC-DC stage done. AC conversion stage will depend on a lot of things,
most important being the desired otuput. My hunch is that it's sine wave. So use
microcontroller and high-low side drivers to generate SPWM and drive MOSFETs in
bridge configuration. Filter the output of the bridge and you have a sine wave output!
Reply
12.
YtsocJanuary 24, 2013 at 10:40 AM
Hello tahmid.
I am planning on building a msps for a car amp. The amp requires a single 50v rail and
300watts.
I rather design the smps to be able to deliver this power continously rather than applying
some music coeficient.
So, : 300w , 12v to single 50v (regulated) . My big problem is choosing the transformer
core. To be more precise how do i know how much power can a core handle? I know this
varies with the frequency but have no idea how to determine it.
For example in here:http://www.irf.com/technical-info/refdesigns/iraudps1.pdf they use a
29mm ring core for 500w(or even 1kw if i understood corectly). I have this core witf 3F3
material http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1595842.pdf
Will this core be able to handle the 300W continously? Also for this core , Bmax should
be 100mT?
Thank you !
Reply
Replies
1.
TahmidFebruary 18, 2013 at 7:38 AM
How much power a core can handle depends on the core itself and varies from
manufacturer to manufacturer. Other factors that affect the power include
operating frequency, selected topology, etc.
A rough idea can be found in Abraham Pressman's "Switching Power Supply
Design" book.
I will take a look at the core datasheets you have linked to and let you know more.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
13.
AnonymousFebruary 18, 2013 at 7:17 AM
hi i really love your tutorials but i would like to ask how i would go about when in comes
to winding transformers for switch mode power supplies
does the same rule apply and i would also like you to email me a h-bridge inverter circuit
i would love to construct one for my final year project my email address is
djultra0008@gmail.com thanks
Reply
Replies
1.
Hi,
The tutorial presented here is for switch mode power supplies. I had the push-pull
and full-bridge SMPS transformers in mind when designing it. Of course, I had in
mind a low voltage to high voltage converter, although the same idea/principle
can be applied for high voltage to low voltage converter.
As for the H-bridge circuit, I suggest you do some research and design the circuit.
If you're stuck somewhere, then I can try to help.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
14.
djFebruary 23, 2013 at 2:33 AM
how can we calculate b(max)..flux density for E55 core..?? can u please tell me.?input
voltage 12 volts dc,output 350 volts dc,
Reply
Replies
1.
TahmidFebruary 23, 2013 at 4:45 PM
Choose something between 1300G and 2000G. That shouldn't be a problem. How
about starting with 1500G?
Regards,
Tahmid.
2.
Rupali SdsMay 2, 2013 at 5:31 AM
such a gr8 blog.please visit my site also.......Potential Transformers
Reply
15.
by using push pull topology
Reply
16.
dude..!!! how do we know that ..specific core has specific gauss?? am using E55 core
..can u tell me how much gauss it will be?? and for e65 core also..?? please tell me how
much gauss it will be??reply me soon
Reply
17.
A core doesn't have a specific flux density. You choose what flux density the core is to be
"operated". This is done by selecting the number of turns with respect to the applied
voltage. A core has a limit up to which the flux density can be. This is usually quite a bit
larger than 3000G. So, by selecting an operating max flux density in the range 1300G to
2000G, we're "playing it safe".
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
Replies
1.
Muhammad AbrarDecember 15, 2013 at 1:39 PM
Hi Tahmid, i found your articles very informative and helpful.
can we use 1300G to 2000G fulx density for 50 or 60 hz transformer if yes then
what will be the turns fromula
thanks
ragards M.Abrar
Reply
18.
AnonymousFebruary 28, 2013 at 6:13 AM
hi tahmid i have some h-bridge circuits i would like to share with you how can i get it
across to you one involves the popular tl494 and the other involves the use of the use of
the 556 and cd4013 and another involve the ir2153 chip i would like you to have a look at
them and i need a few explanation on some areas my email is djultra0008@gmail.com
thnks.
Reply
Replies
1.
TahmidFebruary 28, 2013 at 11:15 PM
Upload the files to a file storage site such as rapidshare and share the links here.
Just remember to make the files public.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
19.
AnonymousMarch 1, 2013 at 10:57 AM
plz tahmid bro tell me calculations for full bridge same as u have explained push-pull
here. i seriously need them for my final year project, plz reply me on my email
muhammad.mohiuddin@live.com
or plz post it on your blog i will vist it sometime later, thanx
Reply
Replies
1.
TahmidMarch 1, 2013 at 11:50 AM
If you go through this tutorial here, you'll see that I've mentioned that the same
calculation can be used for push-pull and full-bridge. The only difference will be
that, where in a push-pull transformer, the primary consists of Npri + Npri turns,
the full-bridge transformer will only have Npri turns for the primary - no center
tap.
Regards,
Tahmid.
2.
July 31, 2014 at 2:43 AM
,

......
Reply
20.
Rony ChakrabortyMarch 5, 2013 at 10:20 PM
Hi Thamid . Can u please describe How to select a core for a certain power. suppose i
need 500w output power, and i also have Ac an Al values form core datasheet, now how
to calculate delivered power? Actually it will be very helpful for ur reader if you refer
using to relation between area product, winding area and core area, You know what i
mean. And thanks for a good artical
Reply
Replies
1.
Hi,
I'll try to write an article on this topic and post it soon. Thanks for the suggestion!
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
21.
abmMarch 7, 2013 at 1:26 PM
Hi Tahmid, please can this calculation work for torroidal cores as well?
thanks
Reply
Replies
1.
TahmidMarch 11, 2013 at 12:49 PM
It should - just take the appropriate values from the datasheet. Although, I haven't
thought of it before. It's intersting and it's good that you brought it up. It should
work. But just to be sure, I'll research into it and let you know. In the mean time,
you could do some searching too! You might learn something interesting!
Regards,
Tahmid.
2.
abmMarch 21, 2013 at 3:44 PM
thanks tahmid. just another issue, its not easy getting these ferrite transformer here
let alone getting the datasheet. i use to try salvaging the ones from computer psu
please how can i identify the type of transformer they are e.g etd39 or etd49 and
so on. do you have experience with this pleae help out thanks.
3.
Look for the datasheet, eg for ETD39 or ETD49. The number (eg 49 or 39) is
dependent on the dimensions of the core. The preceding letters (ETD) denote the
"shape" and type of transformer. So, by matching the dimensions of your core
against the datasheet figures you can identify which core.
Common cores used in computer power supplies are EI33 (most popular) and
ERL35.
Regards,
Tahmid.
4.
abmApril 12, 2013 at 9:46 PM
thanks, i will sure check them out more. but please do you know where i could get
this cores in india.
5.
TahmidApril 22, 2013 at 5:42 AM
I think you should be able to get them quite easily. I know that Farnell India,
which I think is now element14, has quite a lot of them.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
22.
AnonymousMarch 11, 2013 at 12:00 PM
hi tamid could you pls check out this h-bridge circuit use this link
https://rapidshare.com/files/850668221/ir2153%20fill-bridge.png
my email is djultra0008@gmail.com i would post some later
Reply
Replies
1.
I'll see and let you know.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
23.
starMarch 16, 2013 at 12:50 PM
sir plz given me inverter circuit diagram on this transformer....plz sir tahmid needed me
inverter circuit diagram
of this ferrite core transformer...this transformer of any not found circuit diagram now
me.....
Reply
Replies
1.
You can design the circuit yourself using the SG3525 PWM controller. I've
written an article / tutorial regarding using the SG3525:
http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2013/01/using-sg3525-pwm-controllerexplanation.html
Hope you find this helpful.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
24.
or some circuit diagram received but the diagram in auxiliary winding not found...
Reply
Replies
1.
The transformer was calculated using an example. You can use the calculation
methodology for your own use in your own circuits.
Regards,
Tahmid.
2.
hello Tahmid keep the good work going. I am running into a lot of problems that
only u can help me. I recalculated my primary turns for 24v transformer in the
formular u gave but when I check I am getting nearly two times the secondary
voltage i worked it out for Is there anything else to be changed in the formular
other than the input nominal voltage from 12 to 24 v when working out the turns
for the transformer. Thank u
3.
Recheck the calculations carefully to make sure you've done them correctly.
Make sure you have an LC filter and a minimum load at the output. Don't
measure the output voltage without load, feedback or LC filter. With no load, the
output capacitor will charge to the peak voltage. Without the load and LC filter,
you won't obtain the "averaging" desired and output will be too high.
Regards,
Tahmid.
4.
thank you Tahmid for your support I will do as u suggest because i was checking
the voltage without load
5.
You're welcome.
Do let me know the results.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
25.
sir your answer of waiting.......
Reply
Replies
1.
Sorry for the late replies. I was very busy with school exams.
Reply
26.
plz tell me... where do u live.....?
plz......dont your mind plz......i m only asking.....
Reply
Replies
1.
I live in Dhaka. What about you?
Reply
27.
djMarch 19, 2013 at 2:10 AM
Hi Tahmid,
Thanks for supporting designers,
we r working on 1KW inverter with below specs
12v-350v dc-dc converter with pushpull topology
e65 core ferrite
full bridge topology with igbt for ac-dc inversion
we r planning to provide the isolated feedback with a transformer
transformer specs are input will be from e65 core transformer and output must be scaled
down to 5v dc to connect to sg3525.
plz provide us the details of the transforme like core to be used and no tunrs
thanks in advance.
Reply
Replies
1.
You can calculate the transformer turns if you thoroughly go through this tutorial.
All steps have been covered.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
28.
starMarch 19, 2013 at 2:30 AM
tahmid plz tell me inverter circuit diagram 12v to 220v step up on this trnasformer ferrite
core...if you are knowledge....
Reply
Replies
1.
Go through this: http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2013/01/using-sg3525-pwmcontroller-explanation.html
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
29.
hi tahmid thanks for your formula on calculating the primary and secondary turns for
ferrite etd 39 core i understand the nominal voltage in which is 12 the switching
frequency 50khz which is 50000 the bmax or flux density you choose to be 1500 and the
core area 1.25cm2 to give 330V but i dont know how you arrive at the 10 to the eighth
power or the number 4 placed in the formula could you please give an explanation on it
because i would truely appreciate it and secondly if i am going to calculate the number of
primary and secondary turns for the transformer to work from 24VDC do i just have to
put in 24 as the nominal voltage in or there is other things in the formula that will have to
be adjusted or changed i truely have high regards for your work time and your answers to
our questions thanks again please give an answer at anytime within your convenience
thanks
Reply
Replies
1.
Hi,
Thanks for the compliments.
The 10^8 term comes due to conversion of the different units to "standard units",
ie from cm^2 to m^2 and Gauss to Tesla. You can eliminate the term 10^8 if you
use m^2 instead of cm^2 and Tesla instead of Gauss.
Remember that 1 m^2 = 10^4 cm^2 and that 1T = 10^4 G . That's where the 10^8
comes from.
I hope that clears things up.
You can just put in 24VDC there. Nothing else needs to be adjusted.
Wishing you success on your project,
Tahmid.
2.

thanks tahmid i fully understand everything worked on my project and everything
is working well but one more thing the 98% duty cycle you choose to calculate
the number of secondary turns is it that you must use 98% or you can choose a
lower duty cycle and whether the duty cycle is high or low what effect would it
have on running home appliances thanks again you are the BOSS
3.
Thanks for the compliments.
I chose 98% as a maximum to prevent cross-conduction. In practice it'll be much
lower due to feedback. There isn't a benefit to running it low. Instead, you'll need
more turns on the transformers.
Feel free to ask if you have any further questions/queries.
Regards,
Tahmid.
4.
hi tahmid my project has been successful so far but i need to get something clear
about "FEEDBACK" i plan to have 288VDC at the output of my dc-dc converter
with lc filter, feedback and a minimum load, so from pin 16 to pin 2 of the
"SG3525" i put a 5k6 resistor thus voltage at pin 2 is 3.2, from the output of the
dc-dc converter i put a 450k resistor to pin 1 and 5k from pin 1 to ground so the
voltage at pin 1 and 2 are equal, so 450:5 would give a 90:1 resistance ratio, so
90*3.2 would be 288, NOTE BRIEFLY i am operating from 24VDC i made my
calculations for primary turns using the formula, checked b max and everything is
in acceptable position i know i need some headroom for "FEEDBACK" to work
so i took 98% duty cycle and calculate 0.98*22.5 minimum voltage which gives
22.05, so i calculate my secondary turns by taking 308V:22.05=13.96 so 13.96*7
which is my number of primary turns gives 97.77 rounded off to 98 to be my
number of secondary turns do you think my calculations is right? i am looking
forward for your reply thanks again in advance and remember you are the
BOSS......
5.
If you put a 5k6 resistor from pin 16 to pin 2, with no other resistor from pin 2 to
ground, the voltage at pin 2 will be 5V and not 3.2V as you have mentioned.
The resistance ratio will be 91:1 and not 90:1 as you have mentioned.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
30.
siktecMarch 21, 2013 at 11:51 AM
hi Tahmid,
how do i determine the current rating of wire for a particular transformer power.
Reply
Replies
1.
This will depend on the wire itself. You can get charts online. Just Google for wire
current rating tables or charts. There are loads available.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
31.
Hi Tahmid,
about the ferrite transformer above, how about the diameter of wire?
whether does not effect with the output voltage?
thank you for your advise.
BR
Heri
Reply
Replies
1.
Choose the wire such that it can carry the entire current without heating
significantly. However, don't use thick wires. They'll suffer due to skin effect. Use
multiple thin wires.
Take a look at this:
http://www.powerstream.com/Wire_Size.htm
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
32.
AmruthMarch 23, 2013 at 1:09 AM
Hi Tahmid,
This is an excellent post. Please elaborate on wire sizing, is there any different wiring
sizing for high frequency transformers ?
Thanks
Amruth
Reply
Replies
1.
Hi,
I'll definitely write an article for wire selection. For now, know that you need to
choose the wire such that it can carry the entire current without heating
significantly. However, don't use thick wires. They'll suffer due to skin effect. Use
multiple thin wires.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
33.
Udey RajMarch 23, 2013 at 6:16 AM
Thanks for sharing it is relevant beneficial information....
Transformer turns ratio meter
Reply
Replies
1.
I'm glad you found it helpful.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
34.
the 98% duty cycle you choose when calculating the number of secondary turns could
you choose a lower duty cycle and what effect would it have when load is applied to the
dc to dc converter
Reply
Replies
1.
98% is the maximum duty cycle that I have taken to be allowable. This has been
done to prevent cross-conduction between switching devices, which would result
in a short-circuit. There isn't much of an advantage to using a lower duty cycle.
The actual duty cycle will be much lower than this in normal operation, due to the
implementation of feedback.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
35.
Hi Tahmid I think this is the best pratical inverter building forum on the internet u are
teaching the world. I have been trying to put together an inverter over a year now and it
since I saw ur blog I am getting some good results.I have three questions
1 with no AC load on my h bridge should i be getting my 5v drive voltage on the gates of
the fets in the dc-dc converter I am using one of ur drive circuits
( My voltage only comes on when a load is connected and increase with added load. off
when there is no load ) ?????
2 My AC voltage increases with the amount of load I apply eg from 125 to 140v AC
which stage could be giving me this problem I am using 556 and 4013 configuration
Thank u for ur ususal support
Reply
Replies
1.
Thanks man. I hope to add more and make my blog even better. Your ideas and
suggestions are welcome.
1) There should always be a load at the H-bridge output. Testing without load can
give erroneous readings. Which driver are you using? Can you show the
schematic?
2) It could be the drive stage. A circuit diagram will reveal where the problem
may lie. Without a diagram, all I'll be doing is guessing.
You can upload your schematic to imageshack or photobucket or other such site.
Regards,
Tahmid.
2.
l youngMarch 27, 2013 at 1:55 AM
Thank u for your reply Thamid but i am not sure I got A Clear answer. I said I
want to know if i should have the drive volt on the gate of the fet any at all with
no load connected to the h bridge or only when a load is applied this voltage
should come up on the gate. I am using a drive circuit similar to you figure 5
design the only difference is there is no 10k from base to ground on my circuit.
Could u answer the other part of the question about the increase in AC voltage
with increase load which stage could be giving me that problem . Thank you for
usual support
3.
The drive voltage doesn't show properly on the high-side due to the "virtual
ground". If you must test it, remove the MOSFETs, connect VS to ground and test
the voltage and frequency at HO with respect to ground. If all's well, remove the
short from VS to ground and then connect the MOSFETs.
Regarding voltage difference, it'll be difficult to try to figure out where the
problem lies without taking a look at the circuit diagram. Make sure that the
driver circuit is working properly. It sounds like a problem in the driver circuit,
even though nothing can be said with certainty without taking a look at the circuit.
I suggest that you, instead of using 556 and 4013, use SG3525. That will be
better. Then, just feed the otuput of the SG3525 to the MOSFET high-low side
drivers.
I hope you have received the answer to your questions. Feel free to ask if you
have any query or doubt.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Regards,
Tahmid.
4.
l youngApril 2, 2013 at 11:12 PM
Thank you Thamid for your reply I will check to see my drive circuit is working
properly. One more question which design is better to handle heavier loads the
paralell or series transformer configuration in the dc to dc converter. Thank you
for your support
5.
I recommend using one transformer instead of multiple in series/parallel.
However, if you must use more than one transformer, you should use the
converters in parallel and not the transformers themselves. For example, if you're
using push-pull topology and have two transformers, use two push-pull stages to
drive both transformers, both from the same input signal. You can connect the
outputs in parallel, with current limiting.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
36.
saiApril 1, 2013 at 9:38 PM
hi tahmid.i am new to this smps stuff.. i have been following all your you-tube posts and
blogs on eda board... i am building a 1kw smps inverter according to the circuit diagram
you gave in ur link... the only problem is that i am unable to find ft37-77 core.. so could u
please help me by suggesting an etd core as an alternative to toroid core and ways to
wind it with copper wire...i will be really thankful..
Reply
Replies
1.
Hi,
Could you please mention which link (1kW SMPS inverter) you are talking
about?
You can choose one of the higher power ETD cores for this purpose. Some cores
you may be able to use are ETD49, ETD54, etc. Of course, you need to keep in
mind other factors such as winding, frequency, etc.
Hope this helps!
Regards,
Tahmid.
2.
thanks a lot for responding tahmid... i am building a 1kw inverter based on push
pull topology for the dc boost stage which is 12v to 32o v dc using ka3525 pwm
chip as in ur link.. at 50 khz. initially i thought of using ft37-77 core but later
realized i cant find them in here..i know very little about winding an ETD core so
i thought if u could help in selecting an ETD and procedure for winding it...thnks
again..
3.
here is the link to the circuit diagram
http://www.ziddu.com/download/21937039/invertercircuit.png.html
4.
I have mentioned some ETD core names in the above post.
My antivirus and browser prevent the webpage (where you uploaded the circuit
diagram) from loading due to a "suspected web attack". Please upload again or to
another file storage site.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
37.
AnonymousApril 2, 2013 at 8:48 PM
hi again tahmid my project is more successful as i go along, according to your blog on
ferrite transformer turns calculation i now have a clear understanding on how to work it
out with respect to voltage, frequency, bmax and all that, but there is a few things i want
to get more clearly, my questions to you now is, at a switching frequency of 50 khz if i
use 22 awg wire to wind the transformer, if i change my switching frequency to 75 khz
do i need a smaller wire like about 26 awg to wind the transformer......? next do i have to
use a higher switching frequency for a higher wattage inverter or it does not matter as
long as the calculations are right...... thanks again for your usual support......
Reply
Replies
1.
Yes, as switching frequency increases, you should look to use thinner wire.
Refer to this chart:
You can use a not too high frequency and just make sure that the calculations are
correct. Keep in mind that the higher the switching frequency, the lower the
required inductance, capacitance and transformer turns, but the higher the
switching losses.
Hope this helps.
Regards,
Tahmid.
2.
thanks tahmid all this really helps so to be more clear on all this you are saying its
best to use a lower switching frequency for higher wattage inverters and one more
thing, i have seen inverters with the transformers in parallel connection and some
with the transformers in series connection, which do you think works
better.......thanks again for your support......
Reply
38.
AnonymousApril 3, 2013 at 7:09 AM
hi tamid i designed a 47kz push pull 12v to 310v converter but there is problem i seem to
be getting close to 500vdc when rectified i am using an ei33 core ripped from a computer
power supply though i have not yet implemented the feedback yet i did all the calculation
for the transformer and got 3 + 3 turns for primary and 100 turns for secondary i am
wondering if is bcos i winded the primary turns first b4 secondary i chose 1600g as flux
pls any help would be appreciated.
Reply
Replies
1.

You have to use feedback. Without feedback, you'll be running at near 100% duty
cycle which will mean very high voltages. Remember that the calculations are
done, assuming that proper feedback is in place. The feedback circuitry is to
regulate the output voltage depending on input line voltage and output load. The
nominal operating duty cycle with correct feedback implementation will be quite
a bit lower than 100%.
Hope this helps.
Regards,
Tahmid.
2.
L YoungApril 11, 2013 at 8:04 PM
Hello Tahmid I have attached the inverter circuit to an email and sent it to ur
email address. This is the circuit I am having the gate voltage problem with.Please
check to see if there is a circuit error. Thank you
Reply
39.
herisetiawanApril 9, 2013 at 12:02 AM
Hi Tahmid,
i have ferrite core Type E55/28/28 http://www.ferroxcube.com/prod/assets/ecores.htm
with Ae 420mm2 = 4.20cm2
my question is :
1. i use TL394 for produce 38kHz for drive the push pull. what the problem if i applied
this transformer use push pull with frequency 38 kHz ?
2. can i produce 1500 Watt spms use this transformer at 38 kHz push pull?
3. what a good frequency for this application ?
Thnks
Regards
Heri
Reply
Replies
1.
TahmidMay 2, 2013 at 5:44 AM
1) You can very easily use 38kHz. No problems.
2) I think you should increase the frequency.
3) I would say 50kHz to 75kHz. Make sure you use good MOSFET drivers /
driver circuits.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
40.
Luminous Inverter DelhiApril 11, 2013 at 6:33 AM
Dear Sir,
Thanks for your valuble information about Ferrite Transformer you can give great help
about transformer.
Luminous Inverter
Reply
Replies
1.
TahmidJune 22, 2013 at 9:42 AM
I'm extremely glad that you've found my blog helpful!
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
41.

hi tahmid your blog has helped me out the most sucessful way, i have now managed to
build a inverter using four dc-dc converters in parallel supplying 310vdc, could u point
me to a h bridge circiut that i could build with eight mosfets so i could get 230vac, i
really need this and thanks much again
Reply
Replies
1.
I am extremely glad that my blog has helped you. I hope to make my blog even
better to reach out to help many more people like you.
For the PWM controller, you can use SG3525. Set the frequency to 50Hz/60Hz as
required. I've written a tutorial covering the use of the popular PWM controller
SG3525. Check it out here:
http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2013/01/using-sg3525-pwm-controllerexplanation.html
For the MOSFET driver, you can use IR2110. I've written a tutorial covering the
use of IR2110 for MOSFET drive in high-low side configurations (bridge
configurations included). Check it out here:
http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2013/01/using-high-low-side-driver-ir2110with.html
Hope this helps!
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
42.
hi again sir, is there any difference with the h bridge in a 12 volt inverter than that of a 24
volt or its just a standard circuit or the h bridge circuit is built according to the wattage of
the inverter thanks........
Reply
Replies
1.
No matter what voltage you use, the principle is obviously the same. 24V is
preferred over 12V for higher powers due to the lower current (for the same
power output). This makes component selection and even wire selection easier
and due to the lower current, places less "stress" on the components as they need
to handle half the current.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
43.
hi tamid here is a funny senario i built a 12v-310v dc-dc converter using an e-i33 core the
funny thing here is when i read the ac output section with my meter it shows250v but
when i read the dc section its giving me 500vdc is that the recovery diodes are recovering
too fast or what ithe diodes i am using is mur460 pls if you have any solution it would be
helpful thnks
Reply
Replies
1.
Since your output is DC (you're using a DC-DC converter), you should be using
the DC section of the voltmeter. The AC section will give you incorrect reading.
It sounds like you're measuring the output voltage with no feedback in place and
with no load in place. Place a sufficient load and use a feedback circuitry and then
test again.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
44.
jagadeshApril 16, 2013 at 10:48 AM
hi tamid i wound a transformer with with 1 primary turn and 3 sec turns for a push pull.
my bm is 2230 for 20khz 6 volt input 3.35cm2 core area. but i dont get any output at
transformer can u plz help me
Reply
Replies
1.
How are you driving the transformer? What is the switching device you are using?
Where do the drive signals come from?
Your answering these questions will shed more light on the problem.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
45.
hi tamid do pls know how to manually calculate the area of an etd core ,well since where
i live it difficult to buy one so i usually come across so many core but with no labeling so
i don't know the core type or its area if you any solutions it would be helpful thnks
Reply
Replies
1.
You can measure the dimensions of the core and match the values against the
values of a standard datasheet to identify which core you have. That way, you can
identify the core without needing to have labelling provided to you by your ferrite
core supplier.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
46.
okofisheApril 21, 2013 at 7:27 AM
when you say 3 turns + 3 turns,that is a number of 6 turns in the primary with 2 wires
sticking out or what?please explain
Reply
Replies
1.
The transformer has a total of 6 turns primary, with a center tap. You take a wire.
Join one end to one of the bobbin pins - A. Then wind three turns and join the
other end to another bobbin pin - B. Take another piece of wire and join one end
to the end B. In the same direction (clockwise/anticlockwise) in which you wound
the first three turns, wind three more turns. Then attach the other end of the wire
to another bobbin pin - C. A is one end that goes to a MOSFET "leg". B is the
center tap that goes to the positive supply (since this is for a push-pull converter).
C is the other end that goes to another MOSFET "leg".
Hope this helps.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
47.
hi tahmid thumbs up again for your blog, i need some help on selecting some mosfets for
my dc-dc converter for a 600 watts inverter ( push pull topology } i use two irfz46n to
drive my ferrite transformer but they heat and blow out in a short while...... the irfz46n is
rated 50 amps so do i have to add more in parallel to my converter or do i need to
purchase mosfets rated at higher amps for example irf3205 which is rated 110 amps and
how much should i use, PLEASE i need your help or do you have a way to calculate and
parallel mosfets to add up to a certain AMP for 600 WATTS ? PLEASE give me your
most clear answer on this and keep up the good work thanks again BOSS ......
Reply
Replies
1.
How much load did you have at the output when the MOSFETs blew?
Which PWM controller are you using?
Describe the MOSFET drivers you are using.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
48.
hi again tahmid thanks for your continued help my question to you is, i have a ferrite
torodial core the effective cross sectional area in cm2 is 0.946 could i use it in the
formula for my transformer calculations....thanks again
Reply
Replies
1.
Yes, you should be able to plug it in the formula for the calculation.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
49.
hi tamid in your replies on me getting about 500v dc you said i should place a load on the
output and then implement feedback the question is how do i place a load on a 310vdc
output and what kind of load are you talking about coz i dont have a load that will take
such voltage i am buliding a small inverter and hope to build the circuit in sections thnks
Reply
Replies
1.
Place any load that draws a current resulting in an output power of greater than
minimum required power. You can use 2 light bulbs in series. You might use 2
60W or 100W incandescent bulbs in series.
When you don't have sufficient load at the output, the voltage rises to the peak
voltage as the capacitor charges to the peak voltage. Peak voltage in your cases
seems to be 500V.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
50.
Rupali SdsApril 29, 2013 at 6:44 AM
This is very useful blog.This blog is useful for construction.Thanks for sharing this
blog.transformer suppliers
Reply
Replies
1.
I'm extremely glad to hear that you've found the blog useful. Feel free to share
any suggestions you may have.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
51.
herisetiawanMay 1, 2013 at 11:19 PM
Hi Tahmid,
i have ferrite core Type E55/28/25 http://www.ferroxcube.com/prod/assets/ecores.htm
with Ae 420mm2 = 4.20cm2
my question is :
1. i use TL394 for produce 38kHz for drive the push pull. whether any problem if i
applied this transformer use push pull with frequency 38 kHz ?
2. can i produce 1500 Watt spms use this transformer at 38 kHz push pull?
3. what a good frequency for this application ?
thank you very much.

Regards
Heri
Reply
Replies
1.
1) You can very easily use 38kHz. No problems.
2) I think you should increase the frequency.
3) I would say 50kHz to 75kHz. Make sure you use good MOSFET drivers /
driver circuits.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
52.
AnonymousMay 4, 2013 at 11:36 AM
hi tamid in terms of feedback implementation how do i calculate my duty cycle for
instance using the sg3535 setting pin 2 to 2.5v as reference how do i calculate the resistor
values for pin 1 for a lets say 90% duty cycle since these pins are responsible for the duty
cycle thnks
Reply
Replies
1.
You will get your answer here if you go through it thoroughly:
http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2013/01/using-sg3525-pwm-controller-
explanation.html
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
53.
SanjayMay 17, 2013 at 1:08 AM
hi sir,
i red ur blog and lot of info in ur blog to me, thank for u.
my question is :
my project's primary turns are 4, i turn on my project but switching mosfet are shortcircuit , plz help me....
Reply
Replies
1.
That could be due to a lot of things. Without more information, it would be too
difficult to understand what's causing the error.
Which controller are you using?
Which driver are you using?
Which topology are you using?
Describe the feedback circuitry you're using.
What are the input and output specifications? What frequency did you use?
What did you select as the maximum duty cycle?
Which MOSFETs are you using?
Describe the transformer output section.
Which transformer core are you using?
What is your load?
Your answering the above will help shed more light on to the problem.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
54.
bretMay 17, 2013 at 2:50 PM
hi Tamid, I,m bret from nigeria.. i really found your blog very useful since i discovered it.
keep the good work. Pls i want you to tell me how to do the transformer turn calculation
for an smps charger using the half bridge topology. my chager is to handle about 30Amps
and 13.8V output frm 220Vac input.
Reply
Replies
1.
Take a look here:
http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2013/02/ferrite-transformer-turnscalculation_22.html
I'm sure you'll get your answer there!
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
55.
Trent PalmerJune 10, 2013 at 12:05 AM
Hello,
The airticle "Ferrite Transformer Turns Calculation for High-Frequency/SMPS Inverter "
is out standing.I found so many entertaining stuff in your blog.Thanks
DC to AC power inverter
Reply
Replies
1.
I'm glad you've found it helpful!
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
56.
AnonymousJune 23, 2013 at 9:54 AM
Hello Tahmid, Your Transformer calculation post has help me a lot in designing DC-DC
converter but recently I moved to DC_AC inverter. I can use the method you post here
for my high frequency low voltage DC to High voltage DC (20-400 VDC)tranformer
design which works very well, also for the 400v DC side filter inductor design I used the
methods in Abraham pressman book and my filter works well, BUT I am having
problems with my SPWM wave input to Sine Wave output filter inductor. I am not sure if
I should use the same method of low pass filter inductor core design method used in DC
filtering or is there any special consideration you have to take into account in design of
magnetic material for SPWM filter inductor (for pure sine wave output).
Sorry for the long wind post. Your help will be greatly appreciated.
Faruq
Nigeria
Reply
Replies
1.
TahmidAugust 11, 2013 at 3:04 AM
For LC filter, choose values such that the resonant frequency is close to your
output frequency. If your frequency is 50Hz, an LC filter with resonant frequency
between 400Hz to 1500Hz should work well. Then you need to size the inductor
and capacitor. Don't use too high an inductance - otherwise the output impedance
will be very high. Don't use too high a capacitance - this will create rush currents.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
57.
AnonymousJune 26, 2013 at 3:37 PM
Hello Thamid, I have a question about the equation to calculate an output inductor for a
forward converter with a transformer (full bridge). I actually have several formulas and
all of them are no the same. Which way do you use to calculate it?
Reply
Replies
1.
TahmidJuly 20, 2013 at 4:14 PM
http://tahmidmc.blogspot.com/2013/03/output-inductance-calculation-forsmps.html
I think you should find that helpful.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
58.
Nilesh S.VadharJuly 30, 2013 at 3:39 AM
Nice post about SMPS transformers thanks for sharing nice information. We are also
Manufacturer & Supplier SMPS transformer in India
Reply
59.
AnonymousAugust 4, 2013 at 6:17 PM
Bro i want to design push pull invertor . plz help me to design transformer. input DC 4045 V, output 330-340 V and 500 W . what turn ratio of transformer required .
Reply
Replies
1.
Did you go through the entire tutorial? Everything is covered in this article. Please
read it carefully and then ask me if you have any specific questions.
Regards,
Tahmid.
Reply
60.
AnonymousAugust 10, 2013 at 2:43 AM
Dear,
I want to design transformer for 240V to 500V Input of AC supply and Output is 3.5V
DC with 200mA .
Pls suggest design guideline.
??
Reply
Replies
1.
What kind of transformer are you designing?

Are you using SMPS? What topology?
2.
Johan SagaertDecember 14, 2013 at 10:27 AM
Hi, Tahmid
Do you still check your hotmail mailbox from time to time , i would like some
advice on winding high voltage secondaries.
From what i saw in microwave smps, they seem to wind sections side by side
instead of 1 layer over the other.
Reply
61.
Hi Tahmid!!!
Very nice tutorials you have put up here, very informative.
Tahmid, need clarification on something. Firstly, there is no guide on the internet that
shows how to wind a ferrite toroid, yes?
Reason is, I`m trying to wind one, and then to test it out. Say my calculations state 5 turns
primary, so that means two wires on the primary side, with the center two, linking them,
serving as CT, yes?
Lastly, the secondary and primary is wound the in the same direction? Or can one just
wound this bifilar style for primary, over the many turns of secondary? In my circuit I
need a step up.
Reply
62.
TransformerAugust 16, 2013 at 2:23 PM
There is a big credit of transformer for getting us current constantly. We cannot think
about current without transformer. So it is better to know about transformer for every
people. Thanks for sharing the information of transformer.
Reply
63.
suki leeAugust 22, 2013 at 7:08 AM
excellent blog about Inverter Manufacturing.keep on posting
Inverter Manufacturer
Reply
64.
TDAugust 28, 2013 at 1:22 AM
hi tahmid
i have 2 qustion
1st is i make like you tarnsformer it work fine but it out 330v dc how i convert this to
230v 50hz sine wave Ac voltage ?
2nd is i make transformer to 12v-24v to 330v Vin min = 9v , Vin (nom) = 24v and it
connect to 12v and out has a 40w bulb transformer sound like "trrrrr" why it is sound like
trrrrr
please help me
Reply
65.
tecmaxSeptember 2, 2013 at 7:59 AM
The voltage transformers are used in case of voltage fluctuations. You can confer the rigth
flow of electricity to the electrical appliances inside your home and save the same from
damages.
Automatic Voltage Stabilizer Manufacturers, Servo Stabilizer Manufacturers, Isolation
Transformer Manufacturers
Reply
66.
AnonymousOctober 1, 2013 at 11:16 AM
Hi really excellent blog, thank you very very much that you are willing to share your
knowledge, not many do !
Here is a question, if I want to center tap the secondary to 96 + 96 turns, does the
formulation change on the primary side to get the same output as with 1 secondary
winding?
Or will the 2 secondaries just divided the output power between them.
Thanks for the reply :)
Reply
67.
ananth deepakOctober 8, 2013 at 3:29 AM
hello sir,i need to convert dc input range of 80v to 150v,and frequency range 160khz to
200khz,using e65 core,to 230v in ac,and power of 1kw,plz help me
Reply
68.
bareeza powerOctober 13, 2013 at 4:58 PM
thank you
this information was very helpful to me
i'm designing smps to convert from 12vdc to 220vac 50hz
I'm wondering about what are the stages I should follow with arrangement using
also I don't know how to calculate the suitable frequency for the circuit
what is the most important element of the power supply I should choose first
Reply
69.
Alaap JagdaleOctober 20, 2013 at 12:30 PM

hello tahmid sir.
please solve my doubt
how to calculate the gauge of the wire for your above given example of 3+3 turns & 96
turns xmer 50khz.
can we apply P=VI & V=I(R+jXl) to find max ampere and accordingly the gauge or due
to skin effect @ 50khz its better to use litz wire and if yes than of how many core wd
respect to max current.
Reply
70.
llan perezNovember 6, 2013 at 2:16 PM
hola mi pregunta es como se comporta una bobina bifilar en un transformador de ferrita
tipo E, yo le inyecto un voltaje de 24vcc a 10khz, sin conectarlo de manera tradicional, si
no en serie con la carga, en este caso una celda tipo condensador de 1000uf
Reply
71.
AnonymousNovember 22, 2013 at 12:10 PM
Hi,
I made my transformer with 8 primary and 100 secondary turn 33KHz ETD29 (76mm^2)
with 11V input. I get 10-15times more voltage while testing signal generator. However
when I use the voltage (11V) coming from FET (bf245) I see 200mV on the output.what
is the reason for that ?
any help is appreciated
Reply
72.
fmtechDecember 5, 2013 at 7:35 AM
hi, Tahmid, pls can u help me with the code or connection for pic 16f72 sine-wave
inverter to enable me make use of the normal off / on switch not the soft push reset type,
thanks fmtech83 @yahoo.com.
Reply
73.
Distribution transformerDecember 6, 2013 at 6:20 AM
Hi
this is really very helpful article. I go through this site really very nice information.thank
for sharing such a nice information.
Reply
74.
Vasu DevanDecember 15, 2013 at 7:51 AM
Dear Tahmid
Nice to see ur blog. I am an electronics engineer working in thyristor based high current
rectifiers. I am planning for design a high frequency rectifier for high current ranges with
bridge rectifier construction. can u please guide me and help to design the same.
My questions are
1. for low voltage high current DC output bridge rectifier is suitable??
2. Can i follow your calculation for this rectifier??
3. what is the maximum current i can get from high frequency rectifier??
4. Any book which guide me for designing this system??
thanks
vasu
Reply
75.
AnonymousJanuary 6, 2014 at 10:23 AM
Hi tahmid
U r amasing pls i need ur assintance on how to calculte Ac or Ae of a ferrite
transformer.how do I make d calclation for:

I have aaa ferrite core transformer with dis diamension
42mm*43mm*15mm. (Transformer) how d i calculate Ac or Ae
Reply
76.
Zeebee RJanuary 15, 2014 at 1:54 AM
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Reply
77.
CarliJanuary 28, 2014 at 11:58 PM
Hi Tahmid,
I have calculated a transformer for a Push-Pull SMPS that works with 12Vdc and the
output is 410V. It has 2+2 turns in the primary and 56+56 in the secondary, with a
EE4215 core. In my country I cant found a company that make that transformer,
Did you ever wound a transformer like this? Any suggestion?
Thanks you very much and congratulations for your blog that is very useful.
Reply
78.
usama ja'afarJanuary 29, 2014 at 12:24 PM
Hi tahmid! thanks a million for all your efforts. Just got a question to ask: does the same
principle apply to toroidal transformer(in smps). If no, then how do we calculate the
relationship between input and output voltage?...pls assist. thanks
Reply
79.
tecmaxFebruary 4, 2014 at 4:17 AM
The isolation transformers are essentially devices that are used for the reduction of the
power surges. The safety and security of the devices can be accomplished by the
installation of the devices.
Reply
80.
sergulen yenidoganMarch 21, 2014 at 7:20 PM
how do you determine the b max value?
there is not such a value on the datasheets.
Reply
81.
Wasim AhmedMarch 28, 2014 at 6:02 AM
hi dear
can u share more article on this so that i can get more information on calculation
transformer losses
Reply
82.
Nyza ShareefMarch 28, 2014 at 8:28 AM
Hi very nice post. Very useful information regarding isolation transformer and its uses.
Thanks for sharing this useful blog.
Reply
83.
niranjan tiadiApril 3, 2014 at 7:24 AM

if i use primary of 21 turns and secondary of 3 turns and suppling 344volts dc then what
voltage, current and frequency will i get in secondary using ferrite core u type
transformer.
Reply
84.
Runthala JaipurApril 10, 2014 at 5:48 AM
Many companies producing Power transformers in India. Power transformers that will
establish the service dependably with the web page, Cost-efficient along with secure
through the entire ages.
Reply
85.
Pedro CockwellApril 15, 2014 at 4:17 AM
how to calculate the seccion of de windings
gracias
Reply
86.
Boguslaw BrandysApril 21, 2014 at 11:08 AM
This comment has been removed by the author.
Reply
87.
Vathi rajanApril 26, 2014 at 7:37 AM
Nice post about Power Transformers thanks for sharing nice information. We are Power
Transformers Manufacturer & Exporters in India
Reply
88.
Piyush JhaApril 30, 2014 at 4:29 AM
hi
can you tell me what should i understand from the ferrite transformer symbol given as
below
1 ) (.10
4.) (8
i want to indicate here primary and secondary side by using )( . it is 2 w transformer and
output is 7.5v please tell me what is meaning of 1, 4, and 10,8 here .
Reply
89.
Rahees CMay 4, 2014 at 10:47 PM
Hi Thahmid,
Hope you are fine.
Your blog is really helpful for me. I learned more from you.
Now I am planning to design a Transformer-less Inverter using SG3525 in DC-DC and a
PIC PWM module for Sine wave production. I will be following your example circuit
you mentioned with SG3525 for DC-DC conversion, but let me know what should be the
wire gauge for the DC-DC converter transformer windings to make an inverter of 800W
capacity. Please help me on this.
Also please suggest isolation for the feedback in the circuit. I am afraid of 320V DC
come out the inverter thru battery terminals.
Reply
90.
HkhurramMay 27, 2014 at 8:45 AM
Hi Thahmid,
i have a power supply (180W DC12V 15A LED Single Output Switching Power Supply),
i took this supply from junk yard for some experiment, i wound transformer as it is i
opened but when i ON this supply is going heat too much but output voltage is ok then i
put some load on it on series circuit on main, series lamp is ON and output is block, all
components is ok FET is 7N60. ***i want to wind this transformer can u help me*****
supply picture is http://www.4shared.com/download/bKbmAVCUce/PH_316.jpg?
lgfp=1000
Reply
91.
Pravin MagiyaMay 31, 2014 at 1:01 AM
how do you wind this transformer. is it 3+3 first and 100 turns or is it the other way
Reply
92.
Pravin MagiyaMay 31, 2014 at 1:04 AM
i have an ee42 core but i cant determine the bmax for it. can you tell me what is its value
Reply
93.
Sohil SutharJune 7, 2014 at 8:41 AM
i want to built power supply of 24Vdc input & 400Vdc output.
is there any reference design you have.
please guide me.
Reply
94.
AnonymousJune 16, 2014 at 4:00 AM
Hi tahmid i was designing a ferrite core transformer using push pull topology,
60KHz,primary turns-3,sec-turns-120. I generated my signal from SG3525 and IR2110.I
pulled down the gate of the mosfets(IRF3205) with 1k resistor but still i am constantly
having the mosfets burnt 5minutes after i connected it to the transformer although i did
not implement feedback for now. what exactly do think could cause the problem. please
help me out this mess.
Reply
95.
ylmaz kemancJuly 21, 2014 at 1:41 PM
Tahmid Hi, firstly I congratulate you for doing such a nice sharing
sg3525 What is the formula of compensation capacitors, for example, you're using 10nF,
other examples 220pF, 47nF, 100nF .... these values are chosen according to what? thanks
ylmaz kemanc
I love sharing,,, my site http://picsimulatorideexample.wordpress.com/
Reply
96.
power transformer philippinesJuly 21, 2014 at 9:33 PM
I think you are very expert for transformer ^^
Reply
97.
AnonymousAugust 7, 2014 at 5:42 PM
Hello Tahmid! good blog, sounds lots of work behind...
I'm working on a small inverter 200w. push pull bridge can feed 10Amps. But with no
load i can reach 300-400Vac @60Khz.
But I can't keep this voltage when a load is plugged i just can reach 60vac @ 30W...... My
core is 2+2 primary 60 secondary.
Could you tell me what kind of things can be responsible of this loss of power? i feed
8A@12VDC primary and i can just get merely 30W.... primary winding is 3X0.5mm in
parallel. Best regards. B.H@FRA
Reply
98.
Srini VasanAugust 20, 2014 at 9:25 AM
sir I need 12 v to 110v dc converter and pri/sec winding details and the inductance value
of the transformer wattage is 300w
Reply
99.
AnonymousSeptember 9, 2014 at 7:39 PM
impresionant dear, but now i got a question for you... Wich are the best ferrite to get
150W at 3Mhz?
Reply
100.
AnonymousSeptember 16, 2014 at 8:34 AM
helo dear.
i need to know how can we decide the current carrying capacity of primary and
secondary.please if u dont want to answer, let me know. i asked u this before but u dont
answer.
ejaz abidi
Reply
101.
ahmed elbannaSeptember 17, 2014 at 5:12 PM
hii Tahmid! im so proud of your info , your so good and helpfull thanks for all of your
info
1- i need to know which AWG wire in prim and sec wendings i can use to have output
power 1000 watts ,(same core u used)
2- can i turn couple or triple wires together to have higher current in prim turns (3 wires
together 3 turns then another 3 for the other 3 turns)
3- what to do with the sec. turns should i triple the wires as in the prim. ?
im still confused because i read all ur comments but didnt find what can help , so i'll be
so happy to know what i can do to get 1000 watt from the same core u used
thanks alot Tahmid :)
Reply
102.
sigit kurniawanOctober 12, 2014 at 10:36 PM
hi tahmid.. i want to create pontential transformer for voltage measurement, with turn
ratio of voltage in transformer...i choose ferrit core because my objeck have frequency in
40 kHz, am i can be used this technique for solving my problems?
Reply
103.
Kutlu ZungurOctober 14, 2014 at 10:32 AM
Thanks in advance for the explanation but why did you divide the fromula by 4.Where
does this 4 come from?
Best regards,
Kutlu
Reply
104.
power transformer philippinesOctober 23, 2014 at 7:09 PM
Thank you for explaining it very well. Keep it up!
Reply
105.
Path FinderOctober 27, 2014 at 11:31 PM
Dear Tahmid,
I am new in SMPS design.I want make simple adjustable SMPS labrotory power supply
1-30 volt and max 3 ampere
Ebay have very cheap LM2596 or LM2576 Modules.
is it possiable a pre simple circuit for working 220 volt AC for this module.I mean it must
cheap and small and suitable but it must without power transformer
thanks for reply
Regards
Serhat
Reply
106.
Md . Abdur Rahman OwahidNovember 12, 2014 at 7:59 PM
Assala-mu-alaikum vai, I've a question about this article. Here you showed 3+3 centre tap
primary and 96 turns secondery. If I need 3+3 centre tap primary and secondery also with
centre tap than which modification required? Actually this question comes to see this two
articles :http://homemadecircuitsandschematics.blogspot.com/2012/09/making-200-wattcompact-pwm-inverter.html
and
http://easy-electronic-circuits.blogspot.com/2014/05/100-watt-compact-ferriteinverter.html
Reply
107.
omarx646March 16, 2015 at 2:34 PM
Dear sir nice post
I have a doubt about the winding primary formule that gives 3.2. turns. in case 3.5, 3.6,
3.9 what should I do?
I need to know what to do with that number before calculate secundary winding.
Reply
108.
Sir thank you for your tutorial on ferite transformer .my question is if a my ferite core
transformer core (ETD44) is broken can it be used still if i glue it back together
Reply
Replies
1.
TroubleshooterJuly 24, 2015 at 11:33 AM
It can work as long as it remains complete after the breakage. If you loose even a
small portion of the ferrite core, your whole inductance values will change and
most likely the over-all behavior of your coupled inductor as well.
Reply
109.
AkshadeepApril 5, 2015 at 3:42 PM
Hi I am using a E25*20*7 Ferrite core. The primary is 12 turns of 22 SWG. The
secondary is 320 turns of 36 SWG. I would like to get 300-320 volts. I am using UC3843
and 50 khz frequency. But the output voltage is only 180 voltsWhat needs to be done
Reply
110.
jtraoApril 7, 2015 at 3:47 PM
Hi Akshadeep! What is your input voltage and topology ? is 180V output is with load? do
you have feedback control?
Tirumala Rao
Reply
Replies
1.
AkshadeepApril 10, 2015 at 3:09 AM
Hi Jtrao, Ifyou could provide me your email Id I will email you the schematics.
Reply
111.
Rodrigo TechiApril 8, 2015 at 7:45 AM
hi Tahmid, i'm projecting a high frequency ferrite core, but how do i chose the core, and
what range is acceptable for the Bmax?
Reply
112.
Zeeshan AhmedApril 20, 2015 at 11:01 AM
can i use ETD44 Instead of ETD39 ?
Reply
Replies
1.
AnonymousJuly 10, 2015 at 6:03 PM
Yes but you must change Ac.
Reply
113.
Sahadat JonyJune 9, 2015 at 12:31 AM
Dear Tahmid vai,
I have to need a calculation of 300W toroidal auto transformer.Can u please help me.
Reply
114.
ursulajudith19July 2, 2015 at 11:44 PM
how can I boost the current of a solar power laptop charger circuit using an Sg and a
ferrite core transformer
Reply
115.
Hi Tahmid,
I need only 20mA to 80V to drive some leds.
The formula is the same or change?
Vin*10^8 remain the same or change?
Please answer.
Thank you in advance!
Reply
116.
parthiban kandasamyJuly 26, 2015 at 3:29 AM
This comment has been removed by the author.
Reply
117.
parthiban kandasamyJuly 26, 2015 at 3:31 AM
Hi tahmid your work so great-full. I recently planned to develop ups for my home. i
learned concept ups from your post(MOSFET, Switching) and i have doubt in
transformer selection, but you cleared well. One more request is to know about which
types of transformer in push-pull stage and output stage as well as its different types and
configuration
Reply
118.
Hi Tahmid,
Good work with you tutoring. Your explanations are very will done and easy to
understand.
I am trying to drive a high power ceramic transducer element using one of the latest TI
class D chips. It is the TPA3116D2. This chip allows you to set the PWM frequency
between 400 kHz and 1.6 MHz. With that in mind, The core size should get quite a bit
smaller. Using the equation in this blog, the cross section becomes very small i.e. .2 cm 2.
Any larger a cross section I get 1 turn or less for the primary. The TI part will allow
PBTL connection providing up to 100 watts output power. My problem is making sure
the impedance never falls below 1.6 ohms. The baseband signal is 25kHz but the PWM
frequency can be greater than 400 kHz. The reactance of the ceramic element is tuned out
by using a parallel inductor.
My question is, do you have any suggestions for the core and the kind of material. I
assume the material should be suitable for operation above 400 kHz. I am trying to make
the driver amplifier as small as possible and thus I need the smallest core that can handle
the power but also present the reflected impedance greater than perhaps 2 ohms.
This application is just a variation of a SMPS but at higher frequencies than the 50 kHz
circuits posted here.
Thanks,
Reply
119.
Hi Tahmid,
Thank you for the detailed explanation of HF transformer calculations. But I would like
to build LF (low frequency) inverter 1kW using full bridge & SPWM control signals with
app. 24kHz to obtain 50Hz 220VAC output. The problem is how to calculate the 50Hz
transformer (EI iron core). I am going to use 12V battery but the available information I
can find concerns LF inverter transformers but with higher input voltages (24V.... 48V).
The recomendation is:
- for 48V DC system to use transformer with primary 24-30V
Following that recommendation I can calculate the primary for 12VDC system
transformer to be app. 6 to 7,5V?
Please if you can to advise me how to calculate the needed transformer (EI or toroidal). It
should maintain 220V all the way from 10,5-14V DC (the inverter has feedback line
which regulates the SPWM duty).
Thanks in advance for support.
Reply
120.
smithlarryAugust 14, 2015 at 1:17 AM
Shop 12v Converter Inverter at Dctodcpower.com. The 12v inverter basically produces
the same type of power that is created by utility companies and generators. When we
have the confidence on the high quality of our products, we could offer very competitive
prices at the same time.

Ferrite Transformer Turns Calculation For High

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Ferrite Transformer Turns Calculation for High-Frequency/SMPS Inverter

Plugging these values into the formula:

310 = 230V RMS

AnonymousMarch 24, 2013 at 9:20 PM

TahmidApril 5, 2013 at 9:03 AM

AnonymousApril 14, 2013 at 2:50 PM

thank you very much.

What kind of transformer are you designing?

Alaap JagdaleOctober 20, 2013 at 12:30 PM

transformer.how do I make d calclation for:

niranjan tiadiApril 3, 2014 at 7:24 AM

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