INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTIC

SOCIOLINGUISTIC

Very broad field

Describe many different

ways

Studying of language

Patterns of language

The speakers
background

Place in a community

LANGUAGE VARIATION

DIALECTS

Language Style

Every region,
country, area

STANDARD vs
AMERICAN ENGLISH

The teaching
materials and the two
varieties
predominantly use

The most dynamic in

sociolinguistics

GENDER

STANDARD
Has a different dialect

LANGUAGE AND
GENDER

AMERICAN
ENGLISH
A social
construct

In linguistics, dialects are

the variants or varieties of a
language used by different
speakers who are separated
by geographic or social
boundaries (Francis, 1992;
Romaine, 1994).

SEX

part of the
ideology of
Standard English is
that it is the
correct form of
the language and
that other varieties
are incorrect
(Thomas et al
2004:174).

A
biological
condition

Differences womens and

mens speech and sound

LANGUAGE AND
ETHNICITY

According to Waters
(1990), people
commonly associate
ethnicity with
distinctions based on
national origin,
language, religion,
food and other cultural
markers, and link race
to distinctions drawn
from physical
appearance, such as
skin color, hair
texture, eye shape and
so on.

There are over

300 ethnic groups
in Indonesia

LANGUAGE AND
POLITIC

Politics
concerned with
power

They will
probably find
ways to
perform their
distinctive
linguistic
identity for the
benefit of others,
but ultimately
what matters is
the imagined
community of
their language,
to borrow the
term created by
Anderson (1991)

Based on my L1

British
English

Accent of
any
American
English

Payakumbuh : A
kecek e ka kau?

In vocabulary as well as
in pronunciation

Bukittinggi: A
keceknyo ka gau?

Pariaman : A kato e
bakeh kau?

Womens

Have different
languages

Newspeak

Example

Bahasa Minang
"baku": A keceknyo
ka kau?

Padang Panjang :
Apo keceknyo ka
kau?

Mens

Used
tabooed
words and
slang in
their daily
speeches.

Used
polite
language

-Bataknese
-Minangnese
-Malay
-Javanese

-all right
-analyse
-centre
-cheque
-colour

-etc
-all right,
alright

Facts be
damned!

It is not facts

One way to fight

evil is to fight it
with kindness and
love and
compassion
President
George W. Bush

-analyze
Based on my L1

-center

Minangnese
Minangnes
elanguage in
Politics

-check
-color

Kama ang
pai lai?

Kama awak
tu pai lai?

Ba a kaba kini?
Tapi kan lebih
ancak klo
secaro pakta
dan integritas

LANGUAGE AND AGES

Is one of dimension of which

construct identities for
people

Labov (1994, 107) that

individuals tend to preserve their
speech patterns as they move
through their lifespan, then the
study of generation-specific
language necessarily involves the
study of language change

LANGUAGE AND
SOCIAL CLASS

Grouping people according

their status within society

Trudgill (1974 : 32) states that

most members of our society
have some kind of idea, intuitive
or otherwise, of what social class
is,

-The occupation?
-Income?
-Wealth?

Young Children

The teenage
years

The elderly

Upper

Middle

Lower

Based on my
L1

MAK MAK
MAK
BA BA BA

-have money

-Low income

-well born

-have occupation

-live well in every

time

-low
education

-have education

-rich

PA PA PA
Eh, santai lah kau..
Santai apak kau

Kama juoo ang pai

lai nak? Ndak batah
bana ang dirumah
ko duduaaak hee

- low
occupation

Collar workers
Businessman

Employment

Working odd
jobs
Regular
employees