13468-9-146P

AID: 1825 | 20/12/2014

Show theregenerative Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid, on

Figure (1).

T s

diagram as in

For the given regenerative Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid, the temperature,
pressure, specific enthalpy, specific entropy as a function of temperature alone, specific
Pri
Ti Pi hi sio si
i th
entropy, and relative pressure at
state are , , , , and
respectively.

h ,h ,h ,P
1

Use ideal-gas properties of air table, to find properties of air

T2
T3
650K
and 1400 K
.
h1 310.24 kJ kg

T1

r3

at 310K

h2 659.84 kJ kg
h3 1,515.42 kJ kg
Pr3 450.5

r
p

Find the pressure ratio for the regenerative Brayton cycle

rp P2 P1
P2

P1

Substitute 900 kPafor , and 100 kPa for

rp 900 kPa 100 kPa

Express the pressure ratio relation for the process 3-4.

P
Pr4 4 Pr3
P3

Substitute

1
9

P4
P3

Pr3

for
, and 450.5 for
1
Pr4 450.5
9
50.06

P
r4

Use ideal-gas properties of air, to find specific enthalpy of air at 50.06

h4s
interpolation method to find
.

Pr4 Pr @ T 800
h4 s h@ Pr 47.75 h@ Pr 52.59 h@ Pr 47.75
Pr @ T 820 Pr @ T 800

50.06 47.75
821.95+ 843.98 821.95

52.59 47.75
832.45 kJ kg

. Use

T
Express the efficiency of the turbine
h h
T 3 4
h3 h4 s
h4

Rearrange and find

T
for .

1,515.42 kJ kg
. Substitute

h3 832.45 kJ kg
h4s
for ,
for
, and 0.90

h4 h3 T h3 h4 s

1,515.42 kJ kg 0.90 1, 515.42 832.45 kJ kg

900.75 kJ kg

q
regen

Find the heat added due to regeneration

qregen h4 h2

Here, the effectiveness of the regenerator is

h4

900.75 kJ kg

h2

659.84 kJ kg

Substitute 0.80 for ,

for , and
qregen 0.80 900.75 659.84 kJ kg

for

192.7 kJ kg

wnet
Find the net work output of the regenerative Brayton cycle
wnet wT,out wC,in

h3 h4 h2 h1
wT,out
Here, the work output by the turbine is
wC,in
.
h3

1,515.42 kJ kg

, and the work input to the compressor is

h4

900.75 kJ kg

h2

kJ kg

Substitute
for
,
for
, 659.84
h1
kJ kg
310.24
for .
wnet 1,515.42 900.75 kJ kg 659.84 310.24 kJ kg

for

, and

265.07 kJ kg

qin
Express the heat input to the regenerative Brayton cycle
qin h3 h2 qregen

192.7 kJ kg

as

qregen 1,515.42 kJ kg
h3
h2
659.84 kJ kg
for
,
for , and
for
to find

Substitute
qin
.
qin 1,515.42 659.84 192.7 kJ kg
662.88 kJ kg

qout
Express the heat rejected by the regenerative Brayton cycle
qout qin wnet

662.88 kJ kg

qin

wnet

265.07 kJ kg

Substitute
for
, and
qout 662.88 265.07 kJ kg

for

qout

to find

397.81kJ kg

h6
Find the specific enthalpy at state 6
h6 h1 qout

kJ kg

, using the heat rejection relation.

h1

qout

kJ kg

Substitute 310.24
for , and 397.80
h6 310.24 397.80 kJ kg

for

708.04 kJ kg

Express the specific enthalpy relation for the regenerator.

h5 h2 h4 h6
h2

kJ kg
Rearrange and substitute 659.84
h6
h5
for
to find .

for

h4

kJ kg
, 900.75

for

kJ kg
, and 708.04

h5 h4 h6 h2

900.75 708.04 kJ kg 659.84 kJ kg

852.55 kJ kg

s1o
Use ideal-gas properties of air table, to find
T3
K
.
s1o 1.73498 kJ kg K

T1

s3o
and

of air at 310 K

, and at 1400

s3o 3.36200 kJ kg K

659.84 kJ kg h2

s2o
Use ideal-gas properties of air table, to find
s2o 2.49364 kJ kg K

of air at

900.75 kJ kg h4

s4o
Use ideal-gas properties of air table, to find
s4o
Use interpolation method to find .

of air at

h4 h@ T 860

s4o so@ h 888.27 s o@ h 910.56 s o@ h888.27

h@ T 880 h@ T 860

900.75 888.27

910.56 888.27

2.79783+ 2.82344 2.79783

2.81216 kJ kg K

852.54 kJ kg h5

s5o
Use ideal-gas properties of air table, to find
s5o
Use interpolation method to find .

of air at

h5 h@T 840

s5o s o@ h 843.98 s o@ h 866.08 s o@ h 843.98

h@ T 860 h@ T 840

852.54 843.98

866.08 843.98

2.74504+ 2.77170 2.74504

2.75537 kJ kg K

708.04 kJ kg h6

s6o
Use ideal-gas properties of air table, to find
s6o
Use interpolation method to find .

of air at

s6o s o@ h 702.52 s o@ h 713.27 s o@ h 702.52

h6 h@ T 690

h@ T 700 h@ T 690

708.04 702.52

713.27 702.52

2.55731+ 2.57277 2.55731

2.56525 kJ kg K

Find the exergy destruction associated with the process 1-2 of the given Brayton
xdestroyed,12
cycle
.
xdestroyed,12 T0 s2 s1

P
T0 s2o s1o R ln 2
P1

T0
Here, the temperature of the surroundings is

, and the gas constant of air is R.

s1o
s2o
T0 1.73498 kJ kg K
T1 2.49364 kJ kg K
h2
Substitute 300 K for ,
for (at
),
for
(at
P2
P1
0.287 kJ kg K
),
for R, and 9 for
.
xdestroyed,12 300 K 2.49364 1.73498 kJ kg K 0.287 kJ kg
K ln 9
38.42 kJ kg

Hence, the exergy destruction associated with process 1-2 of the given Brayton cycle is
38.42 kJ kg
.

Find the exergy destruction associated with the process 3-4 of the given Brayton cycle
xdestroyed,34
.
xdestroyed,34 T0 s4 s3

P
T0 s4o s3o R ln 4
P3

s3o
T0 3.36200 kJ kg K
T3
2.81216 kJ kg K
Substitute 295 K for ,
for
(at
),
P4
1
h4 0.287 kJ kg K
P3
9
),
for R, and for
.

xdestroyed,34 300 K 2.81216 3.36200 kJ kg K 0.287 kJ kg K ln

24.23kJ kg

s4o
for

(at

Hence, the exergy destruction associated with process 3-4 of the given Brayton cycle is
24.23kJ kg
.
Find the exergy destruction associated with the regeneration process of the given Brayton
xdestroyed,regen
cycle
.
xdestroyed,regen T0 s5 s2 s6 s4
T0 s5o s2o s6o s4o

s5o
s4o
T0 2.75537 kJ kg K
h5
2.81216 kJ kg K
Substitute 300 K for ,
for
(at
),
for
(at
o
o
s2
s6
h4 2.49364 kJ kg K
h2
h6
2.56525 kJ kg K
),
for
(at
), and
for
(at
).
2.75537 2.49364 kJ kg K
xdestroyed,regen 300 K

2.56525 2.81216 kJ kg K
4.47 kJ kg
Hence, the exergy destruction associated with regeneration process of the given Brayton
4.47 kJ kg
cycle is
.
Find the exergy destruction associated with the process 5-3 of the given Brayton cycle
xdestroyed,53
.

q
xdestroyed,53 T0 s3 s5 in
TH

P q
T0 s3o s5o R ln 3 in
P5 TH

TH
Here, the temperature of the heat source is

s3o
s5o
T0 3.36200 kJ kg K
T3
2.75537 kJ kg K
Substitute 295 K for ,
for
(at
),
for
(at
h5
T
q
0.287 kJ kg K
662.88 kJ kg
H
in
),
for R, 1260 K for
, and
for
. For the process 5P
ln 3
P5
3, pressure remains constant, hence substitute 0 for
.
3.36200 2.75537 kJ kg K

xdestroyed,53 300 K
662.88 kJ kg
0.287 kJ kg K 0

1260 K
24.16 kJ kg
Hence, the exergy destruction associated with process 5-3 of the given Brayton cycle is
24.16 kJ kg
.
Find the exergy destruction associated with the process 6-1 of the given Brayton cycle
xdestroyed,61
.

q
xdestroyed,61 T0 s1 s6 out
TL

P q
T0 s1o s6o R ln 1 out
P6 TL

TL

Here, the temperature of the sink is

s1o
s6o
T0 1.73498 kJ kg K
T1
2.56525 kJ kg K
Substitute 295 K for ,
for
(at
),
for
(at
h6 0.287 kJ kg K
TL
q
397.80 kJ kg
out
),
for R, 300 K for , and
for
. For the process 6-1,
P
ln 1
P6
pressure remains constant, hence substitute 0 for
.

397.80 kJ kg
xdestroyed,61 300 K 1.73498 2.56525 kJ kg K 0.287 kJ kg K 0
300 K

148.7 kJ kg
Hence, the exergy destruction associated with process 6-1 of the given Brayton cycle is
148.7 kJ kg
.

6
Find the stream exergy at the exit of the regenerator (state 6)
6 h6 h0 T0 s6 s0

.
(1)

h0

Here, the specific enthalpy of the surroundings is

s6 s0
Find the change entropy for the exit of the regenerator
P
s6 s0 s6o s0o R ln 6
P1

s0o
Here, entropy of air at the surroundings as a function of temperature alone is
P0
pressure of air at the surroundings is .
s6o

2.56525 kJ kg K
Substitute

for

(at

s0o

1.70203kJ kg K

h6

), and

for

, and the

T0

(at

). Also,
P6
ln
P1
at the exit of the regenerator, pressure remains constant, hence substitute 0 for
.
s6 s0 2.56525 1.70203 kJ kg K
0.86322 kJ kg K

708.04 kJ kg
Substitute
0.86322 kJ kg K

for
s

6 s0

h6

300.19 kJ kg
,

for
6
in Equation (1) to find .

h0

T0

, 300 K for

, and

for
6 h6 h0 T0 s6 s0

708.04 300.19 kJ kg 300 K 0.86322 kJ kg K

148.9 kJ kg
148.9 kJ kg

Thus, the exergy of the exhaust gases at the exit of the regenerator is