Rishit Sharma

Roll No 102039
Mechanical Deptt.

CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Introduction
History
Road Rollers on work
Types of Road Rollers
Variations and Features
Manufacturers
YZ12H VIBRATORY ROLLER SPECIFICATIONS

1.Introduction
A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just
roller) is a compactor type engineering vehicle used to compact
soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and
foundations, similar rollers are used also at landfills or in
agriculture.
In some parts of the world, road rollers are still known
colloquially as steam rollers, regardless of their method of
propulsion. This typically only applies to the largest examples
(used for road-making).

2.History
The first road rollers were horse-drawn, and were probably
just borrowed farm implements (see roller (agricultural tool)).
Main article: steamroller
Since the effectiveness of a roller depends to a large extent on its
weight, self-powered vehicles replaced horse-drawn rollers from
the mid-19th century. The first such vehicles were steam rollers.
Single-cylinder steam rollers were generally used for base
compaction and run with high engine revs in a low gear to
promote bounce and vibration from the crankshaft through to the
rolls in much the same way as a vibrating roller. The double
cylinder or compound steam rollers became popular from around
1910 onwards and were used mainly for the rolling of hot-laid
surfaces due to their smoother running engines, however both
cylinder types are capable of rolling the finished surface. Steam
rollers were often dedicated to a task by their gearing as the
slower engines were for base compaction whereas the higher
geared models were often referred to as 'chip chasers' which
followed behind the hot tar and chipping laying machines. Some
road companies in the United States used steamrollers through
the 1950s, and in the UK, some remained in commercial service
until the early 1970s.

The earliest steam rollers were made in France in 1860. In

England, a roller for use in India was built in 1863 and Thomas
Aveling produced his first rollers in 1865. Experiments continued
in England, France and the U.S.A. and by 1880, the familiar threewheel form of steam roller had evolved. Many traction engine
builders later took up roller manufacture, so similar were the
products. Many rollers were directly owned by councils or
contractors but there were also those bought by firms who hired
them out. The first recorded hire of a steam roller dates back to
1865 in Paris and hiring grew to great proportions in England,
giving rise to such large firms as Eddison's, Allen's and
Buncombe's but always including smaller firms and ownerdrivers. Throughout the 1930s, steam roller manufacture declined
but did not die out in England until 1950 when some were
supplied to India. Usage continued on a limited scale in some
parts of the U.K. until the mid 1960s.

As internal combustion engine technology improved during the

20th century, kerosene-, gasoline- (petrol), and diesel-powered
rollers gradually replaced their steam-powered counterparts. The
first internal-combustion powered road rollers were very similar
to the steam rollers they replaced. They used similar mechanisms
to transmit power from the engine to the wheels, typically large,
exposed spur gears. Some users did not like them in their infancy
,as the engines of the era were typically difficult to start,
particularly the kerosene-powered ones . Virtually all road rollers
in commercial use now use diesel power.

3.Road Rollers on Work

Road rollers use the weight of the vehicle to compress the
surface being rolled (static) or use mechanical advantage
(vibrating). Initial compaction of the substrate on a road project is
done using a padfoot drum roller, which achieves higher
compaction density due to the pads having less surface area. On
large freeways a four wheel compactor with padfoot drum and a
blade, such as a Caterpillar 815/825 series machine, would be
used due to its high weight, speed and the powerful pushing
force to spread bulk material. On regional roads a smaller single
padfoot drum machine may be used.

The next machine is usually a single smooth drum compactor that

compacts the high spots down until the soil is smooth, and this is
usually done in combination with a motor grader to get a level
surface. Sometimes at this stage a pneumatic tyre roller would be
used. These rollers feature two rows (front and back) of
pneumatic tyres that overlap, and the flexibility of the tyres
provides a kneading action that seals the surface and with some
vertical movement of the wheels, enables the roller to operate
effectively on uneven ground. Once the soil base is flat the pad
drum compactor is no longer used on the road surface. The next
course (road base) would be compacted using a smooth single
drum, smooth tandem roller or pneumatic tyre roller in
combination with a grader, and a water truck to achieve the
desired flat surface with the right moisture content for optimum
compaction..

Once the road base is compacted, the smooth single drum

compactor is no longer used on the road surface (There is
however an exception, if the single drum has special flat-widebase tyres on the machine). The final wear course of asphalt
concrete (a.k.a. asphalt or blacktop in North America, or
macadam in England) is laid using a paver and compacted using
a tandem smooth drum roller, a three-point roller or a pneumatic
tyre roller. Three point rollers on asphalt were very common once
and are still used, but tandem vibrating rollers are the usual
choice now, with the pneumatic tyre roller's kneading action
being the last roller to seal off the surface

Rollers are also used in landfill compaction. Such compactors

typically have padfoot or "sheep's-foot" drums, and do not
achieve a smooth surface. The pads aid in compression, due to
the smaller area contacting the ground.

4.Types of Road Rollers

Type 1 :: Pedestrian operated

Rammer (bounce up and down)
Walk-behind plate compactor/light
Walk-behind plate compactor/heavy (with reverse)
Trench roller (manual unit or radio-frequency remote control)
Walk-behind roller/light (single drum)
Walk-behind roller/heavy (double drum)

Type 2 :: Ride-on smooth finish

Tandem drum (static)
Tandem drum (vibrating)
Single drum roller (smooth)
Pneumatic-tyre, a.k.a. rubber tyre or multi-wheel
Combination roller (single row of tyres and a steel drum)
Three point roller (steam rollers are usually three-point)

Ride-on with articulating-swivel (small machine)

Ride-on with articulating-swivel (large machine)

Type 3 :: Ride-on soil/landfill compactor with pads/feet/spikes

Single drum roller (soil)
4-wheel (soil/landfill)
3-point (soil/landfill)
Tandem drum (soil/landfill)

Corinsa TC-100 Vibratory tandem Roller

Other types
Tractor-mounted and tractor-powered (conversion see gallery
picture below)
Drawn rollers or towed rollers (were very common once, but not
so now)
Impact compactor (uses a square or polygon drum to strike the
ground hard for proof rolling or deep lift compacting)
Drum roller with rubber coated drum for asphalt compaction
Log skidder converted to compactor for landfill
Wheel loader converted to compactor for landfill

A road-roller powered by a tractor mounted on it from rural

India

A four wheel type compactor "Raygo" Sandpac

Multi tyre roller sealing of asphalt "STA-Ammann" VPH200

5.Variations and Features

On some machines, the drums may be filled with water on site to
achieve the desired weight. When empty, the lighter machine is
easier and cheaper to transport between work sites. On
pneumatic tyre rollers the body may be ballasted with water or
sand, or for extra compaction wet sand is used. Modern tyre
rollers may be filled with steel ballast, which gives a more even
balance for better compaction.
Additional compaction may be achieved by vibrating the roller
drums, allowing a small, light machine perform as well as a much
heavier one. Vibration is typically produced by a free-spinning
hydrostatic motor inside the drum to whose shaft an eccentric
weight has been attached. Some rollers have a second weight that
can be rotated relative to the main weight, to adjust the vibration
amplitude and thus the compacting force.
Water lubrication may be provided to the drum surface from onboard "sprinkler tanks" to prevent hot asphalt sticking to the
drum.

Corinsa CCR 14.21B Tyre Roller

Hydraulic transmissions permit greater design flexibility. While

early examples used direct mechanical drives, hydraulics reduce
the number of moving parts exposed to contamination and
allows the drum to be driven, providing extra traction on
inclines.
Human-propelled rollers may only have a single roller drum.
Self-propelled rollers may have two drums, mounted one in front
of the other (format known as "duplex"), or three rolls, or just one,
with the back rollers replaced with treaded pneumatic tyres for
increased traction.

Pneumatic roller

6.Manufacturers
ABG (Germany) SD/TD (purchased by Ingersoll Rand)
AGICO
Albaret (Germany) PT (now part of Caterpillar)
Ammann-Rammax (Swiss) SD/TD/PT (Rammax of Germany
and Ammann of Switerland, owner of STA designs)
Atlas (Germany) SD
Aveling-Barford (England) TD/PT/3P
Benford (England) SD/TD (purchased by Terex)
Bitelli (Italy) SD/TD/PT (now part of Caterpillar)
Blaw Knox (England) -TD/PT (known for pavers, but also had
roller models)
BOM-MACH (South Africa)
BOMAG (Germany) SD/TD/PT (BOMAG/HYPAC in the USA
market)
Buffalo-Springfield Roller Company (USA) (purchased by
Kohring and eventually Bomag in the USA)
Case CE (USA) SD (brands the Ammann/Sta machines as
Case in the USA
Caterpillar Inc. (USA) SD/TD/PT (has the former lines of
RAYGO, BROS and Bitelli
Coates (Australia) TD (disbanded)
CORINSA (SPAIN) PT/TD
CMI-Terex (USA) 3P (has the former lines of REX and
Benford)
Davelco (Australia) TD (disbanded)
Dynapac (Sweden) SD/TD/PT/3P (now part of Atlas Copco)
Galion
GEMCO

Hamm AG (Germany) SD/TD/PT/3P (now part of the Wirtgen

group)
Huber Company
HYPAC (USA) part of Bomag USA
Hyster (USA) SD/TD/PT (part of HYPAC and Bomag USA)
Ingersoll Rand (USA) SD/TD/PT (now owned by VOLVO)
Ingram Compaction
Kamani Engineering Corporation (India) (now part of the RPG
Group) tractor-mounted production ended c. 1970-1980
Kemna, Breslau
KMEC
Lebrero (Spain) SD/TD/PT
LeeBoy (USA) SD
LiuGong
Marshall (England) TD
Mikasa[disambiguation needed]
Moore Malcolm Road Rollers (Australia) PT (now disbanded)
Multiquip/Rammax
Mustang (England)
Pacific Road Roller (Australia) SD/PT (disbanded)
Pannel Plant (Australia) SD/TD (purchased by Bomag)
Raygo (USA) SD/TD/PT (purchased by Caterpillar)
Rex[disambiguation needed] (USA) SD/TD/3P (purchaced by CMI and
then Terex)
Sakai Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Japan) SD/TD/PT/3P
Sany (China) SD/TD/PT
Sicom (Italy) SD/TD
Simesa (Italy) SD
Sinoway Industrial (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd
[World Equipment](China) SD/TD/PT

STA / Stavostroj (Czech Republic) SD/TD/PT (now owned by

Ammann; many companies use the STA PT roller design)
STAMPEDE (South Africa)
Stone Equipment (USA) SD
Strothert & Pitt (England) TD
SuperPac (Canada) SD (was Champion Superpac)
Tampo (USA) SD/TD
VIPAC (South-Africa) - Manufactured by HA Plant Maintenance
(High Quality Pedestrian Rollers)-TD
Vibromax (Germany) SD/TD/PT (purchased by JCB, now
branded JCB)
Volvo CE (Sweden) SD/TD/PT (purchased Ingersoll Rand,
now branded Volvo)
Wacker Neuson
Wallis & Stevens (England) 3P
Waterous Engine Co.
NTC STAVEBNI TECHNIKA (Czech Republic) manufacturer
of walk-behind and light tandem rollers

7.YZ12H VIBRATORY ROLLER

SPECIFICATIONS
Equipped with DongFeng Cummins engine

Single frequency & Double amplitude, and super centrifugal

force, creates strong compacting effect
Reasonable configuration, reliable performance, and high
working efficiency hydraulic components
Operator's station is designed for comfort and safety. Fullyadjustable, suspension-mounted operator's seat.
Rear-wheel hydraulic drive, and stepless T/M.