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WALLS
Gihan E. Abdelrahman, Professor Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum
University, Fayoum, Egypt
Youssef G. Youssef, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum
University, Fayoum, Egypt
Mohamed M. Kamel, Demonstrator, Construction Engineering Department, Misr University for Science &
Technology, Giza, Egypt
Abstract:
Previous studies defined Narrow Mechanically Stabilized Earth, NMSE, walls as a retaining
wall with aspect ratio (wall width to its height, L/H) less than 0.70 as in traditional walls.
Some studies investigated its behavior and its failure planes compared to those of
traditional walls. In this paper, parametric study using finite element analysis PLAXIS, 8.2
has been introduced to discuss global factor of safety, FS, maximum horizontal
displacement, Ds, maximum tension force of reinforcement element, Tmax, and active earth
pressure coefficient, ka, as a function of different aspect ratio of NMSE wall, L/H, reinforcing
elements spacing, S, elastic axial stiffness of reinforcement element, EA, wall batter, 1/m,
soil friction angle, , and wall height, H. The results indicated that increasing aspect ratio
increases the factor of safety, maximum horizontal displacement, maximum tensile force
and active earth pressure. Increasing elastic axial stiffness increases factor of safety,
maximum tension force of reinforcement element while decreasing the maximum
horizontal displacement.
Keywords: Narrow Mechanically Stabilized Earth (NMSE) walls, Earth pressure, Finite
element.
Introduction
Reinforced earth is a composite geo-construction
material, which embodies two basic components;
namely engineering fill and reinforcing elements.
The latter one is responsible for improving the
tensile and shear resistance of the soil. The soilreinforcement technique has been in use for
many geotechnical applications especially MSE
walls.
m= wall batter
S= spacing between reinforcing elements
Stable face
G.S
Reinforcing elements
Tension
Force,
1800
120
Value
Facing properties
Plate elements were used to represent the
stabilized and MSE wall faces. Plates are
structural objects composed of beam elements
with bending stiffness, EI, and normal stiffness,
EA. The facing parameters are listed in Table 3.
Table 3: Facing properties
Parameter
Wall Face
Axial Stiffness, EA, (kN/m)
Value
8.4x106
11.2 x104
Stable Face
Axial Stiffness, EA, (kN/m)
109
1011
Factor of Safety
Maximum horizontal
Displacement
Maximum Tension
Force
Earth Pressure
Coefficient
FS =
0.5
-
1800
1800
0.50
10
1H: 10V
0.5
0.60
10
10
10
1H: 10V
1H: 10V
0.5
0.50
0.50
1800
1800
1800
0.60
0.60
10
1H: 10V
0.50
0.60
10
1H: 10V
1H: 10V
0.50
0.50
1800
1800
0.60
-
10
1H: 10V
0.50
0.60
10
1H: 10V
0.50
1800
+ 10.319(L/H) - 0.45
R = 0.999
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.10
0.30
0.50
0.70
Figure of
Results
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Effect of spacing
elements, S
1H: 10V
1H: 10V
22.263(L/H)2
2.00
10
10
2.20
18(L/H)3
L/H
reinforcing
1.45
1.40
Factor of safety, FS
Study
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Spacing between reinforcing elements, S (m)
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.7
(1H: 10V)
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
(1H: 12V)
1.2
(1H: 14V)
1.1
1.40
Factor of safety, FS
0.9
0.06
1.30
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
1.20
1.10
F.S = 0.0009(EA) - 0.0679
R = 0.991
1.00
0.90
1100
1300
1500
1700
64
62
60
58
56
54
52
29
31
33
35
37
Friction Angle ()
60
55
50
45
40
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
69
65
67
65
63
61
59
57
55
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
FOR(L/H=.6)
20
35
FOR(L/H=.8)
10
33
2
7
12
Height of wall, H (m)
17
31
29
27
Tmax = 13.926(L/H) + 24.023
R = 0.994
25
0.10
0.30
0.50
0.70
Force
in
Reinforcing
32
= 2
31
. (1)
Where:
30
29
28
27
1100
1500
1700
1900
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
R = 0.3529(L/H) + 0.6237
R = 0.991
0.60
0.10
0.30
0.50
0.70
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