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AND
SOLAS REQUIREMENTS
REGULATIONS
AS PER
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SOLAS REGULATIONS
1. Chapter II-I : Construction, Subdivision, Stability,
Machinery and Electrical Installation
Regulation 29 : Steering Gears
Regulation 30 : Additional Requirements for Electric
and Electrohydraulic Steering Gears
2. Chapter V : Safety of Navigation
Regulation 19 : Use of Automatic Pilot
Regulation 19-1 : Operation of Steering Gears
Regulation 19-2 : Steering Gears Testing and
Drills
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CHAPTER II-I
Requirements :- Regulation 29 : Steering Gears
1. Provision of Main and Auxiliary Steering Gears.
Failure of one will not render the other inoperative
Construction
2.1 All components and rudder stocks shall be of sound
and reliable construction
2.2 Design pressure of piping scantlings and
components at least 1.25 times of maximum working
pressure. Fatigue criteria shall be applied for the
design of pipings etc.
2.3 Setting of relief valve shall not exceed design
pressure.
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
3 Main steering gear and rudder stock shall be:
3.1 of adequate strength and capable of steering
the ship at maximum ahead speed
3.2 capable of putting the rudder over from 350
on one side to 350 on the other side at its
deepest seagoing draught and running ahead
at maximum ahead service speed and under
same condition from 350 on either side to 300
on the other side in not more than 28
seconds.
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
4 The auxiliary steering gear shall be:
4.1 of adequate strength and capable of being
brought speedily into action in an emergency
4.2 able to put the rudder over from 150 on one
side to 150 on the other side in not more than
60 seconds at its deepest seagoing draughts
and running ahead at one half of the
maximum ahead service speed or 7 knots
whichever is greater.
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
Power Requirement
5 Main and auxiliary steering gear power unit shall be:
5.1 arranged to restart automatically when power is
restored after a power failure
5.2 provided audible and visual alarm when power
failure to any one of the power units
6.1 Auxiliary steering gears need not be fitted:
Main steering gear comprised TWO or more identical
power units and provided that:
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
6.1.1 Passenger ships : Main steering gear is
able to operate the rudder as in 3.2 while
any one of the power unit is out of operation
6.1.2 Cargo ships: Main steering gear is able to
operate the rudder as in 3.2 while operating
with all power units
6.1.3 After a single failure in its piping system or
in one of the power units, the defect can be
isolated, so that steering capability can be
maintained or speedily regained
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
7 Steering gear control shall be provided:
7.1 both on the navigational bridge (n.b) and in
the steering gear compartment (s.g.c)
8 Main and auxiliary steering gear control
system operable from the n.b shall:
8.1 if electric, served by its own separate circuit
supplied from a steering gear power circuit
within the s.g.c. or directly from the busbars
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
8.2 means provided in s.g.c. to disconnect any
control system operable from the n.b.
8.3 system capable of being brought into
operation from the n.b.
8.4 audible and visual alarm given on n.b when
failure of power supply to control system
8.5 short circuit protection only for steering gear
control supply circuit.
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
9 Separate as far as practicable, electrical
power circuits, control systems with their
components, cables and pipes .
10 Means of communication shall be provided
between the n.b. and the s.g.c.
11 Angular position of rudder shall:
11.1 if power operated, be indicated on the n.b.
Rudder angle indication shall be independent
of the control system
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
11.2 rudder angle shall be recognizable in s.g.c.
12 Hydraulic power operated steering gear
shall be provided with arrangement to / for:
12.1 maintain the cleanliness of the hydraulic fluid
12.2 low level alarm at each fluid reservoir to give
earliest indication of fluid leakage.Audible and
visual alarm given at n.b and E/R.
12.3 fixed storage tank, with content gauge,
having sufficient capacity to recharge one
power actuating system including the reservoir.
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
13 The steering gear compartment shall be:
13.1 readily accessible, and as far as practicable,
separated from machinery space
13.2 provided with handrails and gratings or nonslip
surfaces for working access to machinery and
controls in event of hydraulic fluid leakages.
14 Where rudder stock is over 230mm in diameter,in
way of tiller, alternative power supply provided
automatically within 45 sec. and for ship 10,000 gt
and upward, supply of at least 30 min of continuous
operation while other ships 10 minutes.
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
15. Every tanker, chemical tanker or gas carrier of
10,000 gt and above and other ships of
70,000 gt and upward,main steering gear shall
comprise two or more identical power units.
16. Every tanker, chemical tanker or gas carrier of
10,000 gt and above shall:
16.1 When loss of steering from single failure in
any of the power actuating system, steering
shall be regained in not more than 45 sec.
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contd
SOLAS REGULATION 29
16.2.2 interconnection of hydraulic power
actuating systems shall be provided. Loss of
hydraulic fluid shall be capable of being
detected, and defective system automatically
isolated so that the other actuating system
remain fully operational.
17 Tanker, chemical tankers or gas carriers
10,000 gt to <100,000 dwt. may be exempted
from single failure criteria, provided an
equivalent standard is achieved.
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
18 Tanker, chemical tanker or gas carrier
10,000gt to <70,000 dwt., until 01 Sept. 1986,
may be exempted from complying single
failure criteria if it has a record of reliability.
19 Tanker, chemical tanker or gas carrier of
10.000 gt and more, constructed before 01
Sept. 1984, shall comply not later than 01
Sept. 1986 with para. 7.1, 8.2, 8.4, 10, 11,
12.2, 12.3, and 13.2
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SOLAS REGULATION 29
20. Tanker, chemical tanker or gas carrier of
40,000gt and more, arrangement for steering
capability provided, if a single failure occurs.
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SOLAS REGULATION 30
1. Means of indicating the power units (motors)
are running shall be installed at E/R & n.b.
2. Power units have two exclusive circuits, of
adequate ratings, directly from main switch
board/one of it from emergency switch board.
3. Short circuit protection, alarm for overload and
failure of any one of the 3 phase supply,
audible and visual, for the circuits and motors.
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SOLAS REGULATION 30
4.Ship less than 1,600 gt where auxiliary steering
gear is powered by motor for other services,
main steering gear may be supplied by one
circuit from the main switch board.
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CHAPTER V
SOLAS REGULATION 19
Use of automatic pilot
(a) It shall also be possible for human control of the
steering immediately, when using automatic pilot in
heavy traffic, poor visibility & hazardous situation.
(b) A qualified helmsman shall be ready at all time to
take over steering control
(c) Manual steering shall be tested after prolong use of
automatic pilot and in situation demand so.
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CHAPTER V
SOLAS REGULATION 19-1
Operation of steering gear
Where navigation demands special caution,
ships shall have more than one power units in
operation where simultaneous operation is
possible.
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CHAPTER V
SOLAS REGULATION 19-2
Steering gear: Testing and Drills
(a) Within 12 hours before departure, following shall be
checked and tested, if applicable:
Main steering gear/auxiliary steering gear
Remote steering gear control systems
Steering positions on n.b.
Emergency power supply
Rudder angle indicators to actual rudder position
Remote steering gear control system power
Contd
failure alarms.
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CHAPTER V
SOLAS REGULATION 19-2
Steering gear power unit failure alarms
Automatic isolating arrangements and other automatic
equipment
The checks and tests shall include:
Full movement of the rudder
Visual inspection of the steering gear and linkages
Means of communication between steering gear
compartment and n.b.
Cont d
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CHAPTER V
SOLAS REGULATION 19-2
(c) Operating instruction with a block diagram is
displayed on n.b and s.g.c.
Ship officer concerned with operation and
maintenance of steering gear is familiar with the
operation and changing over from one system to
another.
(d) Emergency steering drills shall take place at least
once every three months.
*Date of testing, checking and details of emergency
steering drills shall be recorded in the log-book.
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ACTUATING SYSTEM
HYDRAULIC
ELECTRIC
ELECTRO
TELEMOTOR
TELEMOTOR
HYDRAULIC
TRANSMITTER
RAM
RECEIVER
ROTARY
ALL ELECTRIC
WARD
LEONARD
SINGLE
MOTOR
VANE
2-RAM
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4 -RAM
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Telemotor system
1. This consists of transmitter at n.b. and
receiver unit at s.g.c.
2. The transmitter sends a signal for the
change of direction of motion of ship
3. The receiver is an equipment that receive
the signal and make the actuating system
response
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Hydraulic transmitter
Consist of two rams ending in racks that mesh
with a primary pinion attached to steering wheel
shaft and housed in a casing.
The top houses the racks and pinion and serve
as the replenishing tank. The racks and pinion
being lubricated by this fluid.
Bottom half has two cylinders where the rams
reciprocate, passing through sealing glands.
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Mohd.Contd
Hanif Dewan, Chief Engineer and
Maritime Lecturer & Trainer, Bangladesh
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Testing or Checks
If steering wheel is moved, it springs back to
midships - receiver has compressed spring.
Wheel turned till receiver against stops - check
wheel
Receiver hold stops for half hours - no oil
leakages
Check rudder angles by turning wheel. Smooth
movement means no air trapped in system.
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Electric Telemotor
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Controller
Telemotor
Telemotor
Transmitter
Receiver
Variable
Displacement
Pump
Steering Gear
Compass
Ship
Rudder
Actuator
Actual course
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Feedback
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40
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1.
2.
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Introduction
A variable delivery pump is generally used in applications, which require
constant variation in the amount of oil that is to be supplied. The principle
behind any type of variable displacement pump is to alter the pump stroke in
order to vary the amount of oil displaced, according to the requirement. Two
main parts of the variable delivery pump are - floating ring , swash plate or a
slippery pad.
Construction
The variable pump assembly,also known as radial cylinder Hele Shaw pump,
consists of a short shaft, which is attached to a cylindrical body that rotates
inside the casing. The cylindrical body surrounds a central valve and has ball
bearings at the ends. The central valve and the cylindrical ports are connected
to each other by means of ports, which open in the outer casing from where the
oil is supplied and delivered. All the cylinder bodies have pistons inside and are
fastened to the slippers by means of gudgeon pin. All these slippers are located
inside slots made in the circular floating ring, which can also rotate in any
directions because of the bearings mounted in the guide blocks. Two spindles
control the movement of the ring and comes out of the casing though the slots
provided.
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Working Procedure:
No Flow Condition
As shown in the FIG (a), the circular ring, which accommodates the
slippers is concentric with the central valve arrangement. Due to this,
the piston doesn't have any relative reciprocating motion inside the
cylinder. No oil is pumped or sucked in and although the pump is
rotating no fluid is delivered, during this state.
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Running Pump
Fcos
Standby pump
F
Fcos causes a turningFsin
moment
Pump Discharge
To Rams
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Undesirable:
1. Part of pump output driving idle pump
2. Slow response of steering gear system
3.
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1.
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Contd
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Constant pressure
from aux. Pump of
other unit
Operating on
reduced area
Spring
Pipes to & from actuating
mechanism or main hydraulic
system
Bleed to prevent
hydraulic locking
Tiller arm
Pump
Rudder
stock
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Hunting Gear
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Hunting Gear
The steering gear system above consists of the
telemotor which receives a signal from the
bridge wheel. This acts on the hunting gear.
The hunting gear moves displacing a control
rod, this rod acts on the pump displacement
control gear to alter the delivery from the pump.
The delivery from the pump causes the ram to
move rotating the rudder stock and hence the
rudder. The other end of the hunting gear is
mounted on the rudder stock.
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R
P
P
T
T
1.
R (Receiver)
2.
3.
T
4.
P (Pump)
T (Tiller)
5.
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Cylinder
Forked tiller
Ram
Swivel block
Rudder stock
Ram
Trunnion arm
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Pump
unit
Cylinder
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Ram
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Stop valve
Relief valve
Directional
spool valve
2 Pumps
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Fixed
displacement
pump
Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Chief Engineer and
Maritime Lecturer & Trainer, Bangladesh
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1.
2.
3.
4.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Relief Arrangement:
Shock Relief Valve: Each cylinder is provided with a shock relief
valve. In bad weather condition, shock loading on rudder is relieved
through the shock relief valve. Shock relief valve can handle smaller
volume and opens at 15 ~ 20% more than normal working pressure.
By-pass Valve: Each pair of cylinder is provided with a double
acting by-pass valve, which acts as a by-pass valve in open position
and acts as a isolating valve in closed position. The by-pass valve
can handle larger volume and opens at 30 ~ 40% more than normal
working pressure.
Line Relief Valve: The line relief valve takes care of any excessive
pressure in the line created by overrunning of the pump or
accidentally shutting off the cylinder isolating valve. The line relief
valve is situated in the valve block of the hydraulic pump and
communicates the two main hydraulic lines. Line relief valve usually
opens at 40 ~ 50% more than normal working pressure.
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Trials
The steering gear is to be tried out on the trial trip in order to demonstrate the
operation of the following:
(a) The steering gear, For the main steering gear trial, the propeller pitch of
controllable pitch propellers is to be at the maximum design pitch approved for
the maximum continuous ahead RPM. If the vessel cannot be tested at the
deepest draught, alternative trial conditions may be specially considered. In this
case, for the main steering gear trial, the speed of the ship corresponding to the
maximum continuous revolutions of the main engine should apply;
(b) The steering gear power units, including transfer between steering gear
power units;
(c) The isolation of one power actuating system, checking the time for regaining
steering capability;
(d) The hydraulic fluid recharging system;
(e) The emergency power supply;
(f) The steering gear controls, including transfer of control and local control;
(g) The means of communication between the steering gear compartment and
the wheelhouse, also the engine room, if applicable;
(h) The alarms and indicators.
(j) Where the steering gear is designed to avoid hydraulic locking this feature
shall be demonstrated.
Test items (d), (g), (h) and (j) may be effected at the dockside.
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Not less
than 6mm
for lift
16 mm for wear
down (approx)
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Rudder Clearance
Pads are welded to the hull and rudder. A clearance is
given ( sometimes referred to as the jumping clearance).
As the carrier wears this clearance will increase
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Any Question?
Thank you!
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