Ladjanuri HPPs cascade

On the river Ladjanuri

Feasibility study of technical-economic practicability of the river Ladjanuri HPPs cascade
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The information presented in this report is confidential

Ladjanuri HPPs cascade

on the river Ladjanuri
Feasibility study of technical-economic practicability
Of the river Ladjanuri HPPs cascade

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1. TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.

Site location and basic parameters ......................................................................................... 3

3.

Topographic map of potential course site territory ................................................................ 6

4.

Brief geological data of site location, geological map ............................................................ 9

5.

Seismic data of the site location and the map ...................................................................... 13

6.

hydrological and meteorological data ................................................................................... 17

7.

Energy calculations and hydraulics........................................................................................ 23

8.

Infrastructure......................................................................................................................... 29

9.

Connection to the network ................................................................................................... 31

10.

Estimated calculation ......................................................................................................... 31

11.

Economic and Financial Analysis ....................................................................................... 32

Ladjanuri HPPs cascade

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Feasibility study of technical-economic practicability
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2. SITE LOCATION AND BASIC PARAMETERS

1. Construction of Lajanuri HPP cascade is planned on the river Ladjanuri. The river
Ladjanuri flows from the spring of Lalashkha Mountain (3152,7 m) which is located
on 2380 meters high and 3 km long to the south-west of Lechkhumi Ridge and joins
the river Rioni from the right side, at the Alpana village on 367 (m) plot.

Project location map.

The length of the river is 32 km, full drop - 2013 m, The average slope - 63 , the
catchment area - 296 km, the average height - 1490 m.
82 large and small tributaries runs into the river, on the total length 179 km. Network
frequency of river basin is 0.71 km / km.
The basin of the river has an asymmetrical shape, which is located on the western part of
Lechkhumi southern slope. It is bordered by the rivers Askistskali from the east and
Tskhenistkali watersheds from the west. Boundary goes along the Letchkhumi ridge from the
north. The length of the basin is 29 km, average width - 10.2 km.

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The surface of the basin is characterized by mountainous relief. It is highly dissected by

numerous tributaries of erosive deep gorges, whose sides are aslope enough, some sections
are steep. Absolute heights on Letchkhumi watershed ridge reach 2700-3100m. The highest
mountains are: Lelashkha (3152,7 m), Zieti (2908,6 m), Rovali (2771,0 m), Tetenari (2962,6
m) etc.
Mountainous zone of the basin is formed by crystal shale and limestone. In the rest of the
area cretaceous limestone is dominated. The bedrocks are mainly covered by the clay soils,
which are bare (on the upper part) in some places.
On the upper and lower flow of the basin is covered with herbaceous plants. Mainly, here is
a mixed forest: oaks, beeches, fir trees, chestnuts and hornbeams. In the downstream dense
forest is not found, mainly bushes and arable lands are found. Wooded part of the basin is
approximately 70%.
The river gorge is V-shape. In some area - on 27-32 km and 1,7-4,5 km from the mouth of
the river has a valley shape. The width at the bottom of the gorge is mostly 70-80m, whereas
10-20m in the gorge.
The gorge slopes mainly have a convex shape. The slopes between the S. Orbeli and S.
Usaxelo are concave.
The slope of sides is generally 25-30 , whereas at the river mouth station is 50-60.
Sides are dissected by numerous ravines of the tributaries and gullies which at create fans the
mouths that are built by a piece of materials.
The surface grounds of the sides are mainly clayey, rarely - arenaceous.
In 1960 the construction of Lajanuri HPP arch dam finished, which created the reservoir.
The river Ladjanuri is fed by snow, rain and ground waters. The regime of aqueous is
characterized by the spring floods, summer-autumn flooded conditions and sustainable low
waters of winter.

Ladjanuri HPPs cascade

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The cascade consists of three HPPs, schemes include the following typical components:

Low threshold dam, jigger headlamps and fish ladder;

closed grid of desilter camera, fish-protection grid;
penstock / diversion canal with forebay tank;
power knot, which is equipped by two horizontal axis Francis type turbines;
access roads..

The main technical parameters of the Ladjanuri 1 HPP are:

Gross head- 100 m;

type of dam - low threshold dam, height - 3 m, width - 40 m;

Metal penstock, length - 3000 m, diameter - 0.8 m;
Amount of turbines 2, Type - Francis horizontal axis;
Power - 4.3 MW;
Average output- 27.17 GWh;
The main technical parameters of the Ladjanuri 2 HPP are:
Gross head - 104 m;

type of dam - low threshold dam, height - 3 , width - 50 m;

Metal penstock, length - 3500 m, diameter 2,0 m;
Amount of turbines 2, Type - Francis horizontal axis;
Power - 5,8 MW;
Average output - 37.58 GWh;
The main technical parameters of the Ladjanuri 3 HPP are:
Gross head - 100 m;

type of dam - low threshold dam, height - 3 , width - 50 m;

diversion channel 3000 m, 2,0X2,5 m;
Amount of turbines 2, Type - Francis horizontal axis;
Power - 7.1 MW;
Average output - 39.70 GWh;

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Grid connection:
For connection the mantioned HPPs with the system the following issues are necessary:
1. To construct 35 kV transmission line Ladjanurihesi 1 Ladjanurihesi 2 ".
2. To construct 35 kV transmission line Ladjanurihesi 2 Ladjanurihesi 3 ".
3. To arrange 110/35/10 or 6 kV strain substation on Ladjanuri HPP territory.

1. A) To poach the existing 110 kV transmission line Jakhunderi on 110 kV of

Ladjanuri HPP 3 (Ladjanuri HPP- Jakhunderi SS).
2. B) To enter 35 kV transmission line of Ladjanurihesi 2 - Ladjanurihesi 3 on 35 kV
tire of Ladjanuri HPP 3
3. HPPs connection with Ladjanuri will provoke

the necessity of Ladjanuri HPP

reconstruction because of the limited capacity of 110/35/10 kV transformers of

Ladjanuri HPP
Cost - Ladjanuri HPP 1 - 6.2 million US dollars, Ladjanuri HPP 2 - 8,7 million US
dollars and Ladjanuri 3 - 10.5 million US dollars. Total value of cascade - 25,5 million
US dollars.

3. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF POTENTIAL COURSE SITE

TERRITORY
Tipography of site location is presented below on 1:25000 scale map:

Ladjanuri HPPs cascade

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Displacement area of sites 1:25000 map and plan.

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Location of Ladjanuri 1 HPP intakes

Diversion penstock route of Ladjanuri 1 HPP

Location of Ladjanuri 2 HPP intakes

Diversion penstock route of Ladjanuri 2 HPP

Location of Ladjanuri 3 HPP intakes

Location of ladjanuri 3 HPP building

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4. BRIEF GEOLOGICAL DATA OF SITE LOCATION,

GEOLOGICAL MAP
Ladjanuri 1
According to tectonic view, the project area is included in Gagra-Java zone of the Greater
Caucasus orogeny system and includes east part of Khaishi subzone. With the
Geomorphological point of view of the study area represents the high and medium
mountainous erosion relief, which is developed on the low and middle Jurassic age and Sori
and Bajocian volcanogenic sedimentary substrate set.
Both slopes of the river Ladjanuri is presented by the middle series coarse of Bajocian
argillite-bandaite tuff breccias and porphyrites (J 1 hd 2 ) and Sori subset clay shales and
quartzian sandstones and allevrolites (J 1 s 2 ); rocks are cliffy and semi cliffy, whith a typical
Rocky-grained and grained gritty residual soil.
Modern river alluvium is represented with grove and upper grove terrace formations,
cobbles, pebbles of sand and clayey fillers. The rocks are friable unbound and weakly bound.
Within the study area from the slope-type processes mainly diluvial and colluvial processes
are found, with a small capacity of 0.5 or 3.2 m. Lithological structure is quite monotonous
and is presented with clays, clay loam and a large number of coarse-grained material
inclusions.
within the trial territory the tectonic and geodynamic processes (landslides, floods, etc.)
havent been observed.
Ladjanuri 2
According to tectonic zoning the project area spreads to the Greater Caucasus Bajocian
volcanic formations at the top of the Upper Juri and cretaceous carbonate precipitates of the
southern slope of orogeny system Sori shales Gagra-Java spreading zone and in particular,
includes the upper and lower sub-Khaishi Sori subset formations.

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According to the geomorphological point of view of the river Ladjanuri middle relief it is the
erosion-denudational relief, which is developed in the lower and middle subsuits of Juri on
Sori substrates, with the traces of ancient and modern glacial.
Both slopes of the river in presented with the dark-grained sandstones and with the
quartzian small-grained sandstones and allevrolites (J 2 s 2 ) and dark gray shales rare middle
layers of sandstones (J 1 3s 1 ).
Rocks are semi cliffy. They are characterized by gravelly grained and gravelly clay of residual
soil.
It should be noted that from the quaternary formations along the left bank englacial water
formations are spread on 2-3km and 0,5-0,6 km distance. Precipitation are represented by
mixture of boulders, nodules and pebbles. The stock material shows that the precipitation
capacity reaches 8 meters.
At the left tributary streams of river Ladjanuri, Sasarashvili Ghele and Lashighele water
englacial precipitations powerful alluvial fan is accumulated. Other small power of the
alluvial fans is marked at the mouth of the small streams.
Alluvial deposits are represented by the mixture of nodules, pebbles and sand the small size
boulder inclusions of the river Ladjanuri. The floodplain and upper floodplain terraces are
built with this material.
Within the working area tectonic dislocations and geodynamic processes (mudflows,
landslides, etc.) have not been observed.
Ladjanuri 3
According to the tectonic division the project site, as well as the previous two complexes
spread the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus orogeny system in Gagra-Java zone and
include Sub-Khaishi zone of the upper and lower Sori subsuite formations.

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According to geomorphological point of view upstream area of the river Ladjanuri is erosiondenudation relief, which is developed in the lower and middle subsets of Juri on Sori
substrates. With the traces of ancient and modern glacial, the formations of river upstream
Sori top subsets are represented by and dark grey clay shales, fine-grained sandstone and
middle layers of allevrolites (J 2 s 2 ); the capacity of subsuit 450 m; Sori rocks are represented
by dark-colored shale sequences is lower subsuit, wind-kvartsuli grained sandstones.
Capacity of subsuit is 450 m; after that the upper subsuite of Sori repeats in the south wing of
the anticline.
The rocks of Sori subsuite are semi cliffy. Residual soil is gravelly grained and gravelly clay.
Diversion pipes or channel are carried to the left side, its desirable if its in main rocks. To
the east part of hydropower plant landslide area is marked.

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5. SEISMIC DATA OF THE SITE LOCATION AND THE MAP

Georgia and whole Caucasus locate between the Black and Caspian seas within a wide
deformation zone, which is part of the Alps-Himalayan collisional belt. The movement of
Arabian plate to the north towards the Eurasian plate determined the main picture of region
tectonics. Continental collision caused the orogeny and uplifted the Greater Caucasus Range,
which is currently the highest mountain in the Alps-Himalayan belt of the western segment of
the system. Here happens the collision of the two continental plates: Arabian plate moves
northward and collides with the Eurasian plate. Collision of plates generates two types of fault
systems: the type of fault rupture in Iran and Turkey and thrusts type of decomposition in the
Caucasus.
From the general seismicity of the 80-90s increasing seismic activity is observed, which
indicators are powerful earthquakes which happened one by one: in 1988 M = 7.0 Spitak
earthquake in Armenia, in 1991 M = 7.0 Racha earthquake, in 1992 M = 6.5 Barisakho
earthquake in Georgia, in 1993 M = 7.3 Erzincan earthquake in Turkey. Active faults are mostly
located on the borders of tectonic blocks. Across the Caucasus, latitudinal direction faults
should be noted. Such trends have a number intrazonal fault. Most of these faults are
endogenous.
According to the technical quality of the lability Georgian territory is distributed in five large
geotechnical units: I- Antiklinorium of Caucasus Mountain range II- the southern slope of the
Caucasus folded system, III- belt of Georgia (Mtatusheti), IV- V- Adjara-Trialeti folded system
and belt of Artvis-Bolnia (Armenia), see map.
The watershed of the river Ladjanuri is located in the southern slope of the Caucasus II _ folded
system of II4 Gagra-Java Zone in Racha-Lechkhumi syncline subsuit, which was represented the
Geosinklin of the upper Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and lower Palaeogene time. It is constructed by
partly volcanogenic and huge thick sedimentary formations. The entire system is characterized
by intense folded and southern derivation. Here are developed strong compressed isoclinal and
asymmetric common Caucasian directional linear wrinkles.

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Analysis of seismic data indicates that this is average seismic region. The magnitude of strong
earthquakes is equal to 7, and the micro seismic intensity is 9 Ball. (MSK scale units) Recurrence period
of major earthquakes are types of 103-104 year.
The different seismic catalogs were used for Seismic analysis: earthquake catalog of seismic monitoring
center, special catalog for the Caucasus within the framework of the global seismic hazard evaluation
program, catalog of strong earthquakes.

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The study area (Central Caucasus) is one of the most seismically active district in Georgia. Map
shows epicenter catalog map of the historical earthquakes (only medium and strong
earthquakes are marked M>3)
In the instrumental observation period the region was distinguished with greater seismic active,
particularly noteworthy is the epicentric zone of Racha earthquake in 1991. Racha earthquake
was the most large-scale seismic event on the territory of Georgia. Earthquake magnitude M =
7.0, while the intensity of the epicenter was 9 ball. The epicenter was located in the
mountainous villages of Racha and Imereti.
Racha earthquake is related to active fault of Gagra-Java. The active area of the
earthquake still is active seismically. The measurement data shows that the movement of the
earth's crust in this region is quite intensive, about 4-5 mm per year. The same movement
speed has the intermountain area towards the central part of the Caucasus folded system. This
contemporary data are in good arrangement with geological and seismic surveys.
Georgias Seismic zoning is constituted by the Institute of Geophysics of Georgia was shown on
the map, according to which the cascade of Ladjanuri HPPs is located by magnitude of 9 Ball
earthquake zone.

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6. HYDROLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA

6.1.

Hydrological data

In 1959-1990 years the measurements of water flows were carried out at the village Orbeli
section on the river Ladjanuri, thats why the average amount of watershed-count method was
used.
From the analog station, the recount of water was carried out according to the section of the
water catchment area - in direct proportion.
The area of the river Ladjanuri at the Orbeli checkpoint section consists - 231 km2, whereas the
average water flow is 8.90 m3 / s in project sections, on the basis of it on the power plants
recount water costs was carried out, see the table below:

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The average monthly cost of the river Lajanuri in project intersections.

The average monthly cost hydrographs of the river Lajanuri in project intersections.

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Ladjanuri river gorge.

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Watershed map.

6.2.

Meteorological data

Climate. Watershed of the river Ladjanuri is located in the following humid subtropical
climate subzones:
3 - Humid Climate. Moderate cold winter and long warm summer;
4 - Humid Climate. Cold winter and long cool summer;
5 - Humid Climate. Cold winter and short summer

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6 -Alpine humid climate. Devoid of real summer;

Temperature. The average monthly, annual and extreme values of air temperature, according to
meteorological perennial observation data of the station close to project cascade of the village Lailashi.
See table:

Lailashi

Average

-1.5

1.2

5.5

16.2

19.5

20

21

17

12

6.5

1.5

10.7

Abs.Maksim

15

21

31

33

35

38

40

41

38

32

27

21

41

Abs.Maksim.

-21

-17

-13

-4

-4

-12

-17

-21

Rainfalls. The average monthly rainfall and annual total amount of perennial observation data
from the same meteorological station. See the table below:

NAAaverage monthly rainfalls and annual total amount in mm

M

II

III

IV

VI

VII

VIII

IX

XI

XII

Yyear

98

102

101

105

108

110

93

84

106

116

99

107

1229

meteorological
station
Lailashi

Snow. According to the meteorological perennial observation data of Lailashi meteorological

station, the snow cover normally appears on 8.XII and disappears at 11.III. The average decade
height of snow cover is 64 cm, and the maximum average decade height is 112 cm.
The emergence and disappearance of snow cover according to the multi-observations is shown
on the below table.

Dates of emergence and disappearance of snow cover

meteorological
station
Lailashi

Number of
snowy days

72

Emergence date of snow cover

Disappearance date of snow cover

Average

Early

Late L

Average

Early

Late

8.XII.

13.X

22.II

11.III.

11.II.

3.IV

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The table shows the snow cover different provision values of the maximum multi-decade
heights according to the observation data of Lentekhi meteorological station:

Snow cover different provision values of the maximum decade heights (cm)
meteorological
station
95
LLailashi

Provision P %

90

75

50

25

10

17

41

62

85

98

138

Humidity. Air humidity characteristics, according to the multi-observation data of Lailashi

meteorological station is given in the table:

Air humidity
meteorological
station

Humidity

II

III

IV

VI

VII

VIII

IX

XI

XII

Year

5.
7

5.
9

6.8

9.3

13.4

16.8

19.5

19.3

15.8

11.3

8.4

6.4

11.6

percent %

84

82

77

72

72

74

75

75

78

83

80

84

78

Deficit. m

1.3

1.5

2.7

5.0

6.4

7.4

8.1

8.1

6.1

3.9

2.6

1.6

4.6

absolut.m
b
LLailashi

Wind. In the district the wind is blowing in all directions, but the prevailing eastern and western
winds, which is caused by the direction of the river Ladjanuri. The table below shows the wind
directions and the number of stills according to multi-observation data.
Wind directions and annual number of stills in %

Wind directions and annual number of stills in %

meteorological
station

NN

NNN.E

S.E

S.W

NN.WN

Still

LLailashi

47

21

58

The below table shows the monthly and annual average wind speed:

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Monthly and annual average wind speed in m / s

meteorological
station

Vane height

II

III

IV

VI

VII

VIII

IX

XI

XII

YYear

LLailashi

10 m.

1.8

1.8

2.1

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

1.8

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.1

The following table shows different maximum velocities of Lentekhi meteorological according
to the multi-observation data.

The maximum wind speed in m / s

meteorological
station

1 Year

LLLailashi

11

Maximum wind speed (m / s) available one-time

5 Years
13

10 Years

15 Years

20 Years

14

15

17

7. ENERGY CALCULATIONS AND HYDRAULICS

Energy report of HPPs is based on average monthly data. During the energy report drop the
ecological water losses in the hydraulic scheme, effectiveness of aggregates and the amount
of working aggregates, efficiency of the generator and other parts is taken into account.

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Ladjanuri 1 HPP energy calculation based on the multiannual average monthly expenses are listed in the following table:

Ladjanuri 1 HPP energy calculation.

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Ladjanuri 2 HPP energy calculation based on the multiannual average monthly expenses are listed in the following table:

Ladjanuri 2 HPP energy calculation.

25

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Ladjanuri 3 HPP energy calculation based on the multiannual average monthly expenses are listed in the following table:

Ladjanuri 3 HPP energy calculation

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Lajanuri HPPs cascade capacities according to months.

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Ladjanuri HPPs cascade output according to months.

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8. INFRASTRUCTURE
Construction district from the village Orbeli is far from 2-10 km, while from Tbilisi - 330
km. In the project area about 8000 m long of HPP road implementation works and the new
3,000 m long way have to carry out (along the diversion channel), see the topographic map.

The road in the gorge of river Ladjanuri

29

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9. GRID CONNECTION
For connection of Ladjanuri 1, Ladjanuri 2 and Ladjanuri 3 to the system following issues are
necessary:
4. To construct 35 kV transmission line Ladjanurihesi 1- Lajanurihesi 2 ".
5. To construct 35 kV transmission line Ladjanurihesi 2 -Lajanurihesi 3 ".
6. to arrange 110/35/10 kV or 6 kV substation on the territory of Lajanuri HPP 3.
A) To poach the existing 110 kV transmission line Jakhunderi on 110 kV of ladjanuri HPP
3 (Ladjanuri HPP- Jakhunderi SS).
B) To enter 35 kV transmission line of Ladjanurihesi 2 - Ladjanurihesi 3 on 35 kV tire of
Ladjanuri HPP 3
7. HPPs connection with Ladjanuri will provoke

the necessity of Ladjanuri HPP

reconstruction because of the limited capacity of 110/35/10 kV transformers of Ladjanuri

HPP

10. ESTIMATED CALCULATION

The table below shows the estimated project cost:

Thus, total investment value of cascade is 25.5 million US dollars.

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11. ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

According to cascade estimate, the investment amount is 25.5 million US dollars,
which is about 1.5 million US dollars per MW.
Cascade generates 104.57 GWh electricity, in regard to the sale price of the
electricity - 53 USD / MWh, the price of sold electricity costs 5.20 million US dollars
per year.
In the financial analysis of the project the following assumptions were provided:

The total capital expenditure - 6,2 / 8,7 / 10,5 million US dollars in accordance with
Ladjanuri 1 / Ladjanuri 2/ Ladjanuri 3 HPPs;

The duration of the construction work - 2 years for each HPP;

loans and capital proportion in investments - 60% / 40%;

The payable interest rate on the loan - 10%;

Price of electricity - 5.3 USD / MW / h.

With regard to the above mantioned assumptions and evaluation of the preliminary financial
results are as follows:

Consequently, due to the profitability of the projects, their implementation is

recommended.

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