For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

The statement means that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting on
the two interacting objects. The size of the forces on the first object equals the size
of the force on the second object. The direction of the force on the first object
is opposite to the direction of the force on the second object. Forces always come in
pairs - equal and opposite action-reaction force pairs.

The book lying on the table is exerting a downward force on the table, while the table is
exerting an upward reaction force on the book. Because the forces are equal and
opposite, the book remains at rest. Notice also that the table legs are in contact with the
floor and exert a force downward on it, while the floor in turn exerts an equal and
opposite force upward.
The force of the nail on the hammer and the force of the hammer on the nail

The first law states that if the net force (the vector sum of all forces acting on an object) is zero, then
the velocity of the object is constant. Velocity is a vector quantity which expresses both the
object's speed and the direction of its motion; therefore, the statement that the object's velocity is
constant is a statement that both its speed and the direction of its motion are constant.
The first law can be stated mathematically as

Consequently,

An object that is at rest will stay at rest unless an external force acts upon it.

An object that is in motion will not change its velocity unless an external force acts upon it.

The second law states that the net force on an object is equal to the rate of change (that is,
the derivative) of itslinear momentum p in an inertial reference frame:

The second law can also be stated in terms of an object's acceleration. Since Newton's
second law is only valid for constant-mass systems,[16][17][18] mass can be taken outside
the differentiation operator by theconstant factor rule in differentiation. Thus,

where F is the net force applied, m is the mass of the body, and a is the body's acceleration.
Thus, the net force applied to a body produces a proportional acceleration. In other words, if
a body is accelerating, then there is a force on it.

The third law states that all forces exist in pairs: if one object A exerts a forceFA on a second
object B, then B simultaneously exerts a force FB on A, and the two forces are equal and
opposite: FA = FB.[24] The third law means that all forces are interactions between different bodies,[25]
[26]
and thus that there is no such thing as a unidirectional force or a force that acts on only one body.
This law is sometimes referred to as the action-reaction law, with FAcalled the "action" and FB the
"reaction". The action and the reaction are simultaneous, and it does not matter which is called
the action and which is called reaction; both forces are part of a single interaction, and neither force
exists without the other.[24]