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MENSURATION
1.

(i)

Area of triangle =

1
base altitude
2

(ii) Area of triangle using herons formula =

2.

4h 2
3

P2
9

where A
a2

Perimeter

Height

In an isosceles triangle PQR

Q
(i) Area of

1
bc SinP where P = QPR
2

(ii) Area of

1
ac SinQ
2

(iii) Area of

1
ab SinR
2

CosP

CosR

6.

4a 2 b 2
2

Height =

5.

b c
2

Area of triangle

b
4a 2 b2
ar PQR =
4

4.

In an equilateral triangle with side a, then

4A

3.

S / S a (S b) (S c) , where S =

a2

b2 c2
2ab

b
SinQ

c2 a 2
, CosQ
2bc

a
SinP

b2

Sine Rule :

a2

c2 b 2
,
2ac

c
SinR

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Square

Area of square

7.

8.

Perimeter of square
4

Diagonal of square
4

In a circle with radius r.

A
C

D
where A - Area of circle
4

r
O

C - Circumference of circle
D - Diameter of circle
9.

If = 60, ar AOB =

3 2
r
4

If = 90, ar AOB =

1 2
r
2

If , ar

AOB =

2
sin = r sin

10.

side of square

(i)

.cos

1 2
r
2

2
2 area of ABC
.
Perimeter of ABC

A circle with largest area inscribed in a right angle triangle, then r

r
C

(ii) If ABC is an equilateral triangle with side a, then Area of circle =

a2
12

r
B

(iii) If ABC is an equilateral triangle with side a, then area of circle =

C
a2
.
3

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(iv) If ABC is an equilateral triangle, and two circles with radius r and R, then

r
R

r2
1
and
2
R2

1
4

A
r
R
B

(v) Three equal circle with radius r and an equilateral triangle ABC, then area of shaded region = 2 3

11. ABCD is a square placed inside a circle with side a and radius of circle r, then

area of square
area of circle

7
11

B
r
a

D
12. Diagonal of a cube =
13. Diagonal of a cuboid =

3 side
l2

b2

h 2 ; where

Length, b

breadth, h

height

14. For two cubes

A1
A2

v
3 1
v2

a1
a2

d1
d2

where A1, A2
Area of cubes
v1, v2 Volume
a1, a2 Sides
d1, d2 Diagonals

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r2
2

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15.

Units of Measurement of Area and Volume

The inter-relationships between various units of measurement of length, area and volume are listed below for ready reference:
Length
1 Centimetre (cm)
= 10 milimetre (mm)
1 Decimetre (dm)
= 10 centimetre
1 Metre (m)
= 10 dm = 100 cm = 1000 mm
1 Decametre (dam)
= 10 m = 1000 cm
1 Hectometre (hm)
= 10 dam = 100 m
1 Kilometre (km)
= 1000 m = 100 dam = 10 hm
1 Myriametre
= 10 kilometre
Area
1 cm2 = 1 cm 1 cm
= 10 mm 10 mm = 100 mm2
1 dm2 = 1 dm 1 dm
= 10 cm 10 cm = 100 cm2
2
1m =1m1m
= 10 dm 10 dm = 100 dm2
2
1 dam or 1 are
= 1 dam 1dam = 10 m 10 m = 100 m2
1 hm2 = 1 hectare
= 1 hm 1 hm = 100 m 10000m2 = 100 dm2
2
1 km = 1 km 1 km
= 10 hm 10 hm = 100 hm2 or 100 hectare
Volume
1 cm3 = 1 ml
= 1 cm 1 cm 1 cm = 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm = 1000 mm3
1 litre = 1000 ml
= 1000 cm3
3
1 m = 1 m1 m1m
= 100 cm 100 cm 100 cm = 106 cm3
= 1000 litre = 1 kilometre
1 dm3 = 1000 cm3, 1m3 = 1000 dm3, 1 km3 = 109 m3
If a, b, c are the edges of a cuboid, then

16.

The longest diagonal

a 2 b 2 c2
(i) If the height of a cuboid is zero it becomes a rectangle.
(ii) If a be the edge of a cube, then
(iii) The longest diagonal = a 3

17.

Volume of pyramid

18.

(i)

1
3

Base Area

height (H)

A1
If A1 & A2 denote the areas of two similar figures and l1 & l2 denote their corresponding linear measures, then A
2

Fl I
GH l JK

V1
V2

Fl I
GH l JK

(ii) If V1 & V2 denote the volumes of two similar solids and l1, l2 denote their corresponding linear measures, then
(iii) The rise or fall of liquid level in a container
19.

Total volume of objects submerged or taken out

Cross sectional area of container

If a largest possible cube is inscribed in a sphere of radius a cm, then

(i)

the edge of the cube

2a
3

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(ii) If a largest possible sphere is inscribed in a cylinder of radius a cm and height h cm, then for h > a,

the radius of the sphere = a and

the radius

h
(for a > h)
2

(iii) If a largest possible sphere is inscribed in a cone of radius a cm and slant height equal to the diameter of the base, then

the radius of the sphere

(iv) If a largest possible cone is inscribed in a cylinder of radius a cm and height h cm, then the radius of the cone = a and
height = h.

(v) If a largest possible cube is inscribed in a hemisphere of radius a cm, then the edge of the cube

20. In any quadrilateral

(i)

Area

1
2

one diagonal (sum of perpendiculars to it from opposite vertices) =

1
d (d1 + d2)
2

bs agbs bgbs cgbs dg

(ii) Area of a cyclic quadrilateral

where a, b, c, d are sides of quadrilateral and

s = semi perimeter

a b

21. If length, breadth & height of a three dimensional figure increase/decrease by x%, y% and z%, then
Change in area =

100 x
100

Change in Volume =

100 y
100

100 x
100

100 y
100

100%

100 z
100

100%

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