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  • Fick'S Law of Diffusion

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    Panda Panda
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    The main functions of the lungs are to oxygenate venous blood and remove carbon dioxide from arterial blood. Fick's law of diffusion states that the amount of gas exchange across a membrane is directly proportional to the surface area and partial pressure difference, and inversely proportional to thickness. The lungs maximize gas exchange by increasing surface area through branching airways and a vast network of capillaries, while minimizing thickness. Various cell types like epithelial, endothelial and macrophage cells facilitate gas exchange across the thin blood-gas membrane in the alveoli.

    Исходное описание:

    PHYSCI111BFINAL-Lec1

    Оригинальное название

    PHYSCI111BFINAL-Lec1

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    The main functions of the lungs are to oxygenate venous blood and remove carbon dioxide from arterial blood. Fick's law of diffusion states that the amount of gas exchange across a membrane is directly proportional to the surface area and partial pressure difference, and inversely proportional to thickness. The lungs maximize gas exchange by increasing surface area through branching airways and a vast network of capillaries, while minimizing thickness. Various cell types like epithelial, endothelial and macrophage cells facilitate gas exchange across the thin blood-gas membrane in the alveoli.

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    18 просмотров3 страницы

    Fick'S Law of Diffusion

    Загружено:

    Panda Panda
    The main functions of the lungs are to oxygenate venous blood and remove carbon dioxide from arterial blood. Fick's law of diffusion states that the amount of gas exchange across a membrane is directly proportional to the surface area and partial pressure difference, and inversely proportional to thickness. The lungs maximize gas exchange by increasing surface area through branching airways and a vast network of capillaries, while minimizing thickness. Various cell types like epithelial, endothelial and macrophage cells facilitate gas exchange across the thin blood-gas membrane in the alveoli.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 3

    Lecture1:StructureandFunction

    Lungsmainfunction:moveO2fromairtovenousbloodandmoveCO2fromarterialbloodto
    air
    Otherfunctions:
    1. inactivate,activate,metabolize,filtervarioussubstancessuchaslocallyactive
    hormones
    2. routeforheat/waterloss
    3. respiratorypumpenhancevenousreturntoheart
    4. homeostasisacidbasebalance
    5. enablevocalization

    FICKSLAWOFDIFFUSION:

    Q=constantx(Ax P)/ x

    Amountofgas(Q)thatmovesacrosssheetoftissueis
    directlyproportional
    to:
    surfaceareaofmembrane
    partialpressuredifference
    diffusionconstant(dependentongasandtissue)
    Amountofgas(Q)thatmovesacrosssheetoftissueis
    indirectlyproportional
    to:
    thicknessofmembrane

    DaltonsLaw
    directproportionalitybetweenthecompositionofamixtureofgasesandthepressure
    exerted
    eachgasexertsapressureindependentofanygaspresent
    eachgascanbeconsideredseparatelyandindependently

    PartialPressureofair
    :

    N2:79%PN2~600mmHg
    O2:20.9%PO2~160mmHg
    CO2:0.04%PCO2~0.3mmHg

    Howtooptimizegasexchange:
    1. maximizesurfaceareaofairfilledspaceandbloodfilledspace
    2. minimizethicknessofmembrane
    3. maximizepartialpressuredifference

    MaximizeAirFilledSpace
    Conductingzone:nogasexchangegenerations016
    Respiratoryzone(acinusorlobule):gasexchangegenerations1723
    1

    rapidincreaseofcrosssectionalarea
    occupiesvolumeof2.53L,300millionalveolihave50100sq.mtotalsurfacearea

    Maximizesurfaceareaofbloodfilled
    space
    :

    pulmonarybloodvesselsform
    branchingtubesfrompulmonaryartery
    tocapillariesandbacktopulmonary
    veins.
    Capillariesformadensenetwork
    inthewallsofalveoli.
    diameterofacapillarysegment
    is10mjustlargeenoughforared
    bloodcell.

    FineStructureofConductingAirways
    :

    changeat3levelsbronchus,
    bronchiolus,alveolus

    Bronchus
    pseudostratifiedcell
    layer
    liningcells(ciliated)
    andsecretorycells
    (Goblet)
    smoothmuscle
    thickfibrouscoat
    cartilage
    smallglands

    Bronchiolus

    Alveolus

    cuboidalcelllayer
    liningcells(ciliated)
    andsecretorycells
    smoothmuscle
    thinnerfibrouscoat
    nocartilage

    squamouscellpayer
    liningcells(not
    ciliatedEP1)and
    secretory(EP2)
    macrophages
    nosmoothmuscle
    nofibrouscoat
    nocartilage

    Cellandtissuetypesfoundin/onalveolarcapillarywall:

    1. typeIepithelial(alveolar)cells:flat,participateinbuildingwallsofalveoli
    2. typeIIepithelial(alveolar)cells:secretepulmonarysurfactantalveolar
    2

    3. macrophages:movefreelyoversurfaceofalveoliphagocytoseanyextraneous
    materialenteringalveoli(bacteria,particulates),clearedviaairwaysandlymphatics.
    4. capillaryendothelialcell
    5. elasticfiberswithininterstitialspacenomusclecellsinalveolivolumechangesof
    lungoccurindirectlythroughchangesinvolumeofthoraciccavity
    6. Lungparenchyma(parenchyma=tissueofanorganthatisquintessentialforits
    function,asopposedtosupportiveandconnectivetissue)
    7. EP1,EP2,capillaryendothelialcell

    RemovalofInhaledParticles

    1. Largerparticlesarefilteredoutinthenosebythe
    ciliatedlinings
    oftherhinalcavity
    (similartobronchiallinings)
    2. Smallerparticlesinconductingairwaysremovedbyescalatorlikemovementof
    mucus
    whichcontinuouslysweepsdebristotheepiglottisswallowedor
    expectorated.MucusissecretedbymucousglandsandGobletcellsinbronchialwalls
    propelledbytinyciliawhichmoverhythmicallyat20Hzciliadevelopfineclaws
    graspmucusblanketduringforwardbeatandonreturnmoveglidepasttheblanket
    3. Alveolihavenociliaparticlesdepositedareengulfedbymacrophages

    ParticulateMatter(PM)
    combinationofextremelysmallsolidsandaerosolsformedin
    atmospherefromgaseouscombustionbyproducts
    Particles<10mindiameterareespeciallydangerousbecausetheygenerally
    passthroughthethroatandnoseandenterthelungsserioushealthissues
    PM10:coarseparticlesdirtanddustfromroads,farming,factories,mold,
    spores,pollen
    PM2.5:fineparticlessmoke,haze,toxicorganiccompounds,automobile
    emissions

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