Application of Road Load Power

Equations
ME480/588

Road Load Power

Vehicle Modeling Project

Equinox Data
The frontal area of the vehicle is 2.686 m2
The drag coefficient is 0.417
The mass is 1713 kg
Assume the tires are Michelin PAX Challenge X 235-710 R460A on 225-460A Rim, with a radius of 355 mm and a coefficient of
rolling resistance, f = 0.00675.
Fiat Transmission Data
Transmission Gear, Gear Ratio, Drivetrain Efficiency, Gamma
1, 3.917, 0.90, 0.5
2, 2.040, 0.91, 0.3
3, 1.321, 0.93, 0.1
4, 0.954, 0.97, 0.05
5, 0.755, 0.98, 0.03
6, 0.626, 0.98, .025
Final Drive Ratio = 5.545
Ballard Integrated Transaxle
Rear Transaxle Final Drive Ratio = 10.10, Drivetrain Efficiency = 0.98
Assume standard atmospheric pressure and temperature.

Constant Speed Application

=0

=0

Drive Cycle Application

Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS)

Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET)
US06
SC03
Cold temperature test- FUDS at 20F ambient

EPA Fuel Economy Rating Tests

EPA Test Conditions

Federal Urban Driving Schedule

Simulates urban driving in Los Angeles in 1975

Highway Fuel Economy Test

Simulates highway driving in Los Angeles in 1975

US06

Simulates high speed and aggressive driving

SC03

Run with A/C on and 95ambient temperature

Combined Fuel Economy Rating

Old method thru 200755% FUDS, 45% HFET
New Method- 40 CFR
600.114-08 - Vehiclespecific 5-cycle fuel
economy and carbonrelated exhaust
emission calculations.

Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS)

Time
sec
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

Speed
mph
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
5.9
8.6
11.5
14.3
16.9
17.3
18.1
20.7
21.7
22.4
22.5
22.1

=0

Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET)

Time
secs
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

Speed
mph
0
0
0
2
4.9
8.1
11.3
14.5
17.3
19.6
21.8
24
25.8
27.1
28
29
30
30.7
31.5
32.2
32.9
33.5
34.1
34.6
34.9
35.1
35.7
35.9
35.8
35.3
34.9
34.5
34.6
34.8

=0

Acceleration Application
=0
known

Given a known Pdwwhat is the maximum

acceleration as a
function of V?

calculate
Transmission Gear, Gear Ratio, Drivetrain Efficiency, Gamma
1, 3.917, 0.90, 0.5
2, 2.040, 0.91, 0.3
3, 1.321, 0.93, 0.1
4, 0.954, 0.97, 0.05
5, 0.755, 0.98, 0.03
6, 0.626, 0.98, .025
Final Drive Ratio = 5.545
Ballard Integrated Transaxle
Rear Transaxle Final Drive Ratio = 10.10, Drivetrain Efficiency =
0.98

Engine Data

Motor Data

Through-the-Road

Transmission Gear, Gear Ratio, Drivetrain Efficiency, Gamma

1, 3.917, 0.90, 0.5
2, 2.040, 0.91, 0.3
3, 1.321, 0.93, 0.1
4, 0.954, 0.97, 0.05
5, 0.755, 0.98, 0.03
6, 0.626, 0.98, .025
Final Drive Ratio = 5.545
Ballard Integrated Transaxle
Rear Transaxle Final Drive Ratio = 10.10, Drivetrain Efficiency = 0.98

Acceleration Application

Matlab Project
Equinox Data
The frontal area of the vehicle is 2.686 m2
The drag coefficient is 0.417
The mass is 1713 kg
Assume the tires are Michelin PAX Challenge X 235-710 R460A on 225-460A Rim, with a radius of 355 mm and a
coefficient of rolling resistance, f = 0.00675.
Fiat Transmission Data
Transmission Gear, Gear Ratio, Drivetrain Efficiency, Gamma
1, 3.917, 0.90, 0.5
2, 2.040, 0.91, 0.3
3, 1.321, 0.93, 0.1
4, 0.954, 0.97, 0.05
5, 0.755, 0.98, 0.03
6, 0.626, 0.98, .025
Final Drive Ratio = 5.545
Ballard Integrated Transaxle
Rear Transaxle Final Drive Ratio = 10.10, Drivetrain Efficiency = 0.98
Assume standard atmospheric pressure and temperature.

Matlab Project
For an Equinox with two 150-lbm passengers aboard,
perform the following analyses using MATLAB:
1. Prepare a graph that shows the "engine" power (kw)
required to propel the Equinox along level ground as a
function of vehicle speed (km/hr). Show the total
power and the various contributors (drivetrain losses,
aerodynamics power, rolling resistance) to the power
for vehicle speeds ranging from 30 to 100 km/hr. For
this analysis, use the drivetrain properties for 5th gear.

Constant Speed Application

=0

=0

Matlab Project
2. Prepare a graph showing the drive wheel power (kw)
required to propel the Equinox on the FUDS and the
HFET driving schedules. The FUDS and HFET cycles are
available in the Course Materials section.
a. Use the simplifying assumption that the equivalent
mass of the rotating parts is 6% of the static mass.

Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS)

Time
sec
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

Speed
mph
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
5.9
8.6
11.5
14.3
16.9
17.3
18.1
20.7
21.7
22.4
22.5
22.1

=0

Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET)

Time
secs
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

Speed
mph
0
0
0
2
4.9
8.1
11.3
14.5
17.3
19.6
21.8
24
25.8
27.1
28
29
30
30.7
31.5
32.2
32.9
33.5
34.1
34.6
34.9
35.1
35.7
35.9
35.8
35.3
34.9
34.5
34.6
34.8

=0

Matlab Project
2. Prepare a graph showing the drive wheel power (kw) required to propel
the Equinox on the FUDS and the HFET driving schedules. The FUDS and
HFET cycles are available in the Course Materials section.
b. Use the following simplified shift schedule:
Shift Speed (mph)
1-2 9.57
2-3 18.37
3-4 28.38
4-5 39.30
5-6 49.65
2-1 5.743
3-2 11.02
4-3 17.02
5-4 23.58
6-5 29.79

Up-shifting Gears
Criteria for shifting from 12
Vehicle is accelerating

AND

Shifting threshold has been passed

and

Down-shifting Gears
Criteria for shifting from 21
Vehicle is decelerating

AND

Shifting threshold has been passed

and

Shifting
Note: has different values for each
transmission gear

Matlab Project
3. Calculate the acceleration potential of the
hybrid Equinox, i.e., determine the minimum
time for 1000 rpm in 1st gear to a distance of 1/4
mile and prepare a graph showing the vehicle
speed versus time. Prepare a graph showing the
maximum acceleration versus vehicle speed for
each transmission gear, for an engine speed
range of 1000 rpm to 4500 rpm, to determine the
optimum transmission shift points.

Engine Data

Motor Data

Through-the-Road

Transmission Gear, Gear Ratio, Drivetrain Efficiency, Gamma

1, 3.917, 0.90, 0.5
2, 2.040, 0.91, 0.3
3, 1.321, 0.93, 0.1
4, 0.954, 0.97, 0.05
5, 0.755, 0.98, 0.03
6, 0.626, 0.98, .025
Final Drive Ratio = 5.545
Ballard Integrated Transaxle
Rear Transaxle Final Drive Ratio = 10.10, Drivetrain Efficiency = 0.98

Acceleration Application

Shifting for Max Acceleration

Dont use the provided shift schedule
Shifting occurs at crossing points from a vs. V plot
Shifting occurs at constant vehicle speed
Shifting is instantaneous
Engine Speed changes when shift occurs
Motor Speed doesnt change when shift occurs

Front powertrain efficiency changes with gear shifts

changes with gear shifts
Rear powertrain efficiency doesnt change with gear
shifts

Speed vs Time

Distance vs Time

Matlab Project
Deliverables:
Submit a brief report containing problem
statement, summary of engine data and
vehicle parameters, graphs, MATLAB code and
discussion of results.
Due Date- Thursday September 24