The controlling unit is the brain of this two-way telephone

exchange. It is where exchange happens. Its circuit is based on

a PIC16F84A microcontroller. The SLICs (Subscriber Line
Interface

Circuit)

are

connected

to

it

and

has

these

connections: TN_SLIC_1, TN_SLIC_2, SD_SLIC_1, SD_SLIC_2,

RG_SLIC_1 and RG_SLIC_2 where SD, TN and RG mean Status
Detecting,

Telephone

Network

and

Ringing

Generator,

respectively.
The circuit diagram for this controlling unit is composed of
(3) 2SC945 transistors, (1) 1N4007 diode, (2) 1N4148 diodes,
LED, (4) 4.7uF capacitors, (2) 22pF capacitors, (4) 10kOhm
resistors, (4) 4.7kOhm resistors, 330Ohm and other parts
include: 12V telephone relay and PIC16F84A.
The oscillator used for PIC16F84A microcontroller is a
4MHz crystal in parallel to pins 15 and 16, respectively. Two
supplies can be seen in the schematic. One is a 5V and 12V
supplies.

The

5V

supply

is

used

to

power-up

the

microcontroller and the 12V is for the relay. The firmware that
we have was downloaded from the internet; it is a HEX file and
can

be

found

at

http://www.electronics-

lab.com/projects/telephone.
Lets define what status detecting is. Status detecting
indicates if a telephone is available or not, either on-hook or
off-hook. Next is the telephone network, the control is used to
connect the first telephone to the second telephone. And the

last one is the ringing generator; it is used to trigger the ringing

ability of the telephone.

While in the next part of this experiment, we are intended

to interface a telephone set to the control unit. And to do that,
we used an SLIC (Subscriber Line Interface Circuit). Doing so,
the SLIC will detect the status of a usual telephone. In the
circuit, the J9 in the schematic diagram of the SLIC is
connected to the RJ11 of the telephone. We used an RJ11
socket so that the RJ11 of the telephone could be easily
connected.
Also while doing the circuit we used a 5 pin relay instead
of an 8 pin which is used on the schematic diagram of the
SLIC. Yet by doing so, we still followed the proper connection.
In the circuit, the pin 4 is connected on the normally
connected pin of the relay and same thing with the pin 5
connected to normally open pin of the relay.
In constructing a Subscriber Line Interface Circuit, we
have encountered different errors. One of these is the non
responsive relay on one of the SLIC. And then we simply found
out that there is an open circuited line. Also, since there are
two Subscriber Line Interface Circuits we have to double check
everything so that the status of each telephone will be detected.
After working with the SLIC, we interface both of it on the
control unit. And test the whole system accordingly. At first the
first trial, once the power supply is turned on the telephone B

is already ringing even the telephone A is not yet lifted. And

then we troubleshoot both Subscriber Line Interface Circuit
and found out that the fault in on the SLIC connected at the
telephone A.
To summarize the whole system of the simple two-way
telephone exchange when it is operational, once the telephone
A or telephone B is lifted the other telephone will ring and
ringing only stops when it is also lifted. After that, a full duplex
communication must be established. And when one of the
phones end its call, the communication stops.