Name: Ygor Povoa Guimaraes

1-As occurs in a natural photosynthesis process solar-to-chemical energy

conversion is happening. In their device, the authors utilize gold
nanoparticles to promote plasmons excitation and generate hot electrons.
These hot electrons are injected into water molecules and initiate the
hydrogen evolution reaction, which is very similar to what happens in the
light dependent reactions in the photosynthesis process. There is a NiOx
layer present to control electrons and holes transportation, and its
comparable with what occurs in the thylakoids between lumen and stroma.
The architecture is also built to promote higher light absorption, based on
optical impedance concepts and heterogeneous particle size distribution to
absorb a broader range of the solar spectrum. In the plants there is also a
mechanism to increase light absorption.
2.1. A reaction stated with the convention that the electrons being
exchanged are shown on the left side and its standard electrode potential is
negative is an anodic reaction.
2.2. An Anode is the source of electrons for the external circuit while a
cathode is an electron sink.
2.3. One joule of energy is equivalent to the product of 1 Coulomb and a
potential difference of 1 volt.
2.4. In a redox reaction, reduction refers to gain of electrons while oxidation
refers to loss of electrons.
2.5.
2.6. The neutral pH of water is 7 at 25 C and is dependent of the
temperature.
2.7. The purpose of the salt bridge is to maintain the electrical neutrality,
allowing ions to flow in both half cells.
2.8. For a galvanic cell using Ag and Zn based half cells with their
corresponding Ag+ and Zn2+ solutions, Zn electrode will act as anode and Ag
electrode will act as cathode.
2.9. During the electrolysis of Molten Sodium bromide, the half-cell reaction
at anode will be 2 2 + 2
2.10. All electrochemical reactions involve transfer of electrons.
3.1. 0,946 V
3.2. - 43,633304 kcal
4.1. Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) measures the quantity of photons
in the radiant energy between the wavelengths of 400nm and 700nm. The
Total Radiation (TR) refers to all radiant energy coming from the sun that
reaches the earth.
4.2. The Gross Calorific Value (GCV) refers to the amount of heat released
when certain quantity of fuel is combusted at stoichiometric conditions with
given initial temperature and pressures. Also, GCV considers that any vapor
water produced is condensed, so it includes the heat of vaporization of the
water produced in the combustion. There is a nine before H in the formula,
because for each part of H burned there are nine parts of water formed.