Taller fisicoquimica

Exercises
1. A chemical reaction takes place in a container of cross-sectional rea 100 cm2. As a result of the
reaction, a piston is pushed out through 10 cm against an external pressure of 1.0 atm. Calculate the
work done by the system. w = 24.2 cal.
2. A sample consisting of 2.00 mol He is expanded isothermally at 22 C from 22.8 dm3 to 31.7 dm3
(a) reversibly, (b) against a constant external pressure equal to the final pressure of the gas, and (c)
freely (against zero external pressure). For the three processes calculate q, w, U, and H. a) U=
H=0, w = -387.2 cal and q = 387.2 cal; b) U= H=0, w = -329.8 cal and q = 329.8 cal; a) U=
H=0, q = w = 0.
3. Consider the following three processes: (1) A sample of 2.000 mol of helium gas is isothermally and
reversibly expanded from a volume of 10.00 L and a temperature of 400.0 K to a volume of 40.00 L.
(2) The same sample is reversibly cooled at a constant volume of 10.00 L from 400.0K to a
temperature of 300.0 K, then expanded reversibly and isothermally to a volume of 40.00 L, and then
heated reversibly from 300.0K to 400.0K at a constant volume of 40.00 L. (3) The same sample is
expanded irreversibly and isothermally at a temperature of 400.0K from a volume of 10.00 L to a
volume of 40.00 L with a constant external pressure of 1.000 atm. Calculate U, q, and w for each
process. (1) q = -w = 2.20 Kcal, U = 0; (2) q = -w = 1.65 Kcal, U = 0; (3) q = -w = 726 cal, U = 0.
4. A sample consisting of 1.00 mol of perfect gas atoms, for which CV,m = 3/2R, initially at p1 = 1.00
atm and T1 = 300 K, is heated reversibly to 400 K at constant volume. Calculate the final pressure,
U, q, and w. p2 = 1.33 atm; U = q = 297.7 cal; w = 0.
5. A sample of 4.50 g of methane occupies 12.7 dm3 at 310 K. (a) Calculate the work done when the
gas expands isothermally against a constant external pressure of 200 Torr until its volume has
increased by 3.3 dm3. (b) Calculate the work that would be done if the same expansin occurred
reversibly. a) w = -21 cal; b) w = -40.1 cal.
6. The decrease in air temperature with increasing altitude is partially due to cooling of the air as it
expands with decreasing pressure. A typical barometric pressure at the peak of Mount Everest is 251
torr. Find the temperature of a sample of air that is reversibly and adiabatically expanded from a
temperatura of 298K and a pressure of 1.00 atm to a pressure of 251 torr. Assume that air is a single
ideal gas with CV,m = 5R/2.
7. The constant-pressure heat capacity of a sample of a perfect gas was found to vary with temperature
according to the expression Cp /(J K1) = 20.17 + 0.4001(T/K). Calculate q, w, U, and H when the
temperature is raised from 0C to 100C (a) at constant pressure, (b) at constant volume. a) H = q =
3.56 Kcal, w = -0.2 Kcal, U = 3.37 Kcal; b) H = 3.56 Kcal, U = q = 3.37 Kcal w = 0.
8. A sample of nitrogen of mass 3.12 g at 23.0 C is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically
from 400 cm3 to 2.00 dm3. What is the work done by the gas? w = 77.7 cal.

9. Find the final temperature, U, and w for a reversible adiabatic compression of 1.000 mol of helium
gas (assumed ideal with CV = 3nR/2) from a volume of 20.00 L and a temperature of 298.15K to a
volume of 10.00 L. T2 = 473.3 K, U = w = 522 cal.
10. For an irreversible adiabatic expansion of 5.00 mol of neon from an initial temperature of 500.0 K
and an initial volume of 50.00 L to a final volume of 100.00 L, find the final temperature, U, and w
if P(transferred) = 1.000 atm. Compare with the values for a reversible expansion from the same initial
state to the same final volume. U = w = -1.21 Kcal, T2 = 428.8 K, T2rev = 315 K, Urev = wrev =
-2.76 Kcal.
11. A sample of 5.0 mol CO2 is originally confined in 15 dm3 at 280 K and then undergoes adiabatic
expansion against a constant pressure of 78.5 kPa until the volume has increased by a factor of 4.0.
Calculate q, w, T, U, and H. (The final pressure of the gas is not necessarily 78.5 kPa.). q = 0, U
= w = -836.5 cal, T = -24.22 K, H = 1.08 Kcal.
12. A sample of 2.000 mol of N2 gas is expanded from an initial pressure of 1.000 atm and an initial
temperature of 450.0 K to a pressure of 0.400 atm. a) Find the final temperature if the expansion is
adiabatic and reversible. Assume that CV = 5nR/2. b) Find U, q, and w for the expansion of part a. c)
Find U, q, w, and the final temperature if the expansion is adiabatic but at a constant external
pressure of 0.400 atm, starting from the same state as in part a and ending at the same volume as in
part a. d) Find U, q, and w if the expansion is reversible and isothermal, ending at the same pressure
as in part a. a) T2 = 346 K; b) w = U = -1.03 Kcal; c) q = 0, w = U = -662 cal, T2 = 383 K; d) q =
-w = 1.64 Kcal, U = 0.
3
Universidad de Pamplona
Pamplona - Norte de Santander - Colombia
Tels: (7) 5685303 - 5685304 - 5685305 - Fax: 5682750 - www.unipamplona.edu.co
Una universidad incluyente y comprometida con el desarrollo integral
13. A sample of 20.00 g of acetylene, C2H2, is expanded reversibly and adiabatically from a
temperature of 500 K and a volume of 25.00 L to a volume of 50.00 L. Use the value of CV,m of
acetylene for 500 K with the assumption that acetylene is an ideal gas. a) Find the percent difference
between this value of CV,m that you obtain and 5R/2. b) Find the final temperature. c) Find the values
of U, q, and w for the process. a) percent difference = 42%; b) T2 = 426 K; c) U = w = -1.22 Kcal.
14. A sample consisting of 2.0 mol CO2 occupies a fixed volume of 15.0 dm3 at 300 K. When it is
supplied with 2.35 kJ of energy as heat its temperatura increases to 341 K. Assume that CO2 is
described by the van der Waals equation of state, and calculate w, U, and H. w = 0, U = 566 cal
and H = 730 cal.
15. The Joule-Thomson coefficient is the ratio of temperature change under
conditions of isenthalpic Expansion. = (


). A vapour at 22 atm and 5 C
was allowed to expand adiabatically to a final pressure of 1.00 atm; the temperature fell by 10 K.
Calculate the JouleThomson coefficient, , at 5 C, assuming it remains constant over this
temperature range.
16. A sample of 1.00 mol perfect gas molecules with Cp,m = 7/2R is put through the following cycle:
(a) constant-volume heating to twice its initial temperature (298 K), (b) reversible, adiabatic expansion
back to its initial temperature, (c) reversible isothermal compression back to 1.00 atm. Calculate q, w,
U, and H for each step and overall. a) w = 0 U = q = 1.48 Kcal, H = 2.07 Kcal; b) q = 0, w = U
= -1.48 Kcal, H = -2.07 Kcal; c) U = H = 0, w = 1.08 Kcal, q = -w.
17. The temperatures and volumes in reversible adiabatic expansin are related
by: = (

)1 = ,

. The constant-volume heat capacity of a gas

can be measured by observing the decrease in temperature when it expands adiabatically and
reversibly. If the decrease in pressure is also measured, we can use it to infer the value of = Cp/CV
and hence, by combining the two values, deduce the constant-pressure heat capacity. A fluorocarbon
gas was allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically to twice its volume; as a result, the
temperatura fell from 298.15 K to 248.44 K and its pressure fell from 202.94 kPa to 81.840 kPa.
18. The speed of sound, cs, in a gas of molar mass M is related to the ratio of heat capacities by cs =
(RT/M)1/2. Show that cs = (p/)1/2, where is the mass density of the gas. Calculate the speed of
sound in argon at 25C.

traduccion

1. una reaccin qumica ocurre en un envase de seccin transversal rea de 100 cm2. Como resultado
de la reaccin, un pistn es empujado hacia fuera a travs de 10 cm contra una presin externa de 1.0
ATM calcular el trabajo realizado por el sistema. w = 24,2 cal.
2. una muestra compuesta de 2.00 mol se expandi isothermally a 22 C de 22,8 dm3 a 31,7 dm3 (un)
reversible, (b) contra una presin externa constante igual a la presin final del gas y (c) libremente

(cero presin externa). Para los tres procesos,< calcular q, w, U y H. a) U = H = 0, w =-387.2

cal y q = 387,2 cal; b) U = H = 0, w =-329.8 cal y q = 329,8 cal; a) U = H = 0, q = w = 0.
3. considere los siguientes tres procesos: (1) una muestra de 2.000 mol de gas helio se expande
isothermally y reversible desde un volumen de 10,00 L y una temperatura de 400,0 K a un volumen de
40.00 L. (2) la misma muestra reversible es enfriada en un volumen constante de L 10,00 de 400,0 K a
una temperatura de 300,0 K, entonces ampliada isothermally y reversiblemente a un volumen de L
40,00 y luego calienta reversiblemente de 300,0 K a K 400,0 a un volumen constante de 40.00 L. (3)
la misma muestra se expande irreversiblemente y isothermally a una temperatura de 400,0 K de un
volumen de 10,00 L a un volumen de 40,00 L con una presin externa constante de 1.000 ATM
calcular U, q y w para cada proceso. (1) q = -w = 2.20 Kcal, U = 0; (2) q = -w = 1. 65 Kcal, U =
0; (3) q = -w = 726 cal, U = 0.
4. una muestra compuesta de 1.00 mol de tomos de gas perfecto, para que CV, m = 3/2R,
inicialmente en p1 = 1,00 atm y T1 = 300 K, se calienta reversiblemente a 400 K en el volumen
constante. Calcular la presin final, U, q y w. p2 = 1.33 atm; U = q = 297,7 cal; w = 0.
5. una muestra de 4,50 g de metano ocupa 12,7 dm3 a 310 K. (a) calcular el trabajo realizado cuando
el gas se expande isothermally contra una presin externa constante de 200 Torr hasta que su volumen
ha aumentado en 3,3 dm3. (b) calcular el trabajo que se hara si se produjo la expansin misma
reversible. un) w =-21 cal; b) w =-40.1 cal.
6. la disminucin de la temperatura del aire con el aumento de altitud es parcialmente debido al
enfriamiento del aire que se expande con la disminucin de presin. Una tpico en el pico de montaje
Everest la presin baromtrica es 251 torr. Encontrar la temperatura de una muestra de aire que se
expande reversible y adibtico de una temperatura de 298K y una presin de 1.00 atm a una presin de
251 torr. Asumen que el aire es un gas ideal solo con CV, m = 5R/2.
7. la capacidad de calor de la presin constante de una muestra de un gas perfecto fue encontrada para
variar con la temperatura segn la expresin Cp /(J K1) = 20.17 + 0.4001(T/K).Calcular q, w, U y
H cuando se eleva la temperatura de 0 C a 100 C (a) a presin constante, (b) en el volumen
constante. a) H = q = 3,56 Kcal, w = -0.2 Kcal, U = 3.37 Kcal; b) H = 3,56 Kcal, U = q = 3.37 w
Kcal = 0.
8. una muestra de nitrgeno total g 3,12 a 23,0 C se permite expandir reversiblemente y adibtico de
400 cm3 a dm3 2.00. Qu es el trabajo realizado por el gas? w = 77,7 cal.
9. encontrar la temperatura final, U y w para una compresin adiabtica reversible de 1.000 mol de
gas helio (asumido ideal con CV = 3nR/2) de un volumen de 20,00 L y una temperatura de 298,15 K a
un volumen de 10.00 L. T2 = K 473,3, U = w = 522 cal.
10. para una expansin adiabtica irreversible de 5.00 mol de nen de una temperatura inicial de 500,0
K y un volumen inicial de 50,00 L a un volumen final de L 100,00, encuentre la temperatura final, U
y si w P(transferred) = 1.000 ATM en comparacin con los valores de una expansin reversible desde
el mismo estado inicial al mismo volumen final. U = w =-1.21 Kcal, T2 = K 428,8, T2rev = 315 K,
Urev = wrev =-2.76 Kcal.

11. una muestra de 5.0 mol CO2 es confinado originalmente en 15 dm3 a 280 K y luego se somete a
expansin adiabtica contra una presin constante de 78,5 kPa hasta que el volumen ha aumentado por
un factor de 4.0. Calcular q, w, T, U y H. (La presin final del gas no es necesariamente 78,5
kPa.). q = 0, U = w =-836.5 cal, T =-24.22 K, H = 1.08 Kcal.
12. una muestra de 2.000 mol de N2 gas se expande de una presin inicial de 1.000 atm y una
temperatura inicial de 450,0 K a una presin de 0,400 ATM un) encuentre la temperatura final si la
expansin es adiabtica y reversible. Asumir que CV = 5nR/2. b) encontrar U q y w para la
expansin de la parte a. c) encontrar U, q, w y la temperatura final si la expansin es adiabtica, pero
a una presin externa constante de 0,400 atm, a partir de un mismo estado como en la parte una y
terminando en el mismo volumen que en la parte a. d) encontrar U, q y w, si la expansin es
isotrmica y reversible terminando en la misma presin que en la parte a. un) T2 = 346 K; b) w = U
=-1.03 Kcal; c) q = 0, w = U =-662 cal, T2 = 383 K; d) q = -w = 1,64 Kcal, U = 0.
3
Universidad de Pamplona
Pamplona - Norte de Santander - Colombia
Tels: (7) 5685303-5685304 - 5685305 - Fax: 5682750 - www.unipamplona.edu.co
Una universidad incluyente y ve con el desarrollo integral
13. una muestra de 20,00 g de acetileno, C2H2, se expande reversible y adibtico de una temperatura
de 500 K y un volumen de 25,00 L a un volumen de uso de L. 50.00 el valor de CV, m de acetileno
para 500 K con la asuncin que el acetileno es un gas ideal. a) encontrar la diferencia porcentual entre
este valor de CV, m que obtienes y 5R/2. b) encuentre la temperatura final. c) encontrar los valores de
U, q y w para el proceso. un) diferencia por ciento = 42%; b) T2 = 426 K; c) U = w = -1,22 Kcal.
14. una muestra compuesta de 2.0 mol CO2 ocupa un volumen fijo de 15.0 dm3 a 300 K. Cuando se
suministra con 2.35 kJ de energa como calor su temperatura aumenta a 341 asumir K. que CO2 es
descrita por la ecuacin de van der Waals de estado, calcular w, U y H. w = 0, U = 566 cal y H =
730 cal.
15. el coeficiente de Joule-Thomson es el cociente del cambio de temperatura bajo
condiciones de isenthalpic expansin. = (

) . Un vapor a 22 atm y 5 C
permitieron ampliar adibtico a una presin final de 1.00 atm; la temperatura cay por 10 coeficiente
K. calcular el Joule-Thomson, , a 5 C, suponiendo que es constante en este rango de temperatura.
16. una muestra de molculas de gas perfecto de 1,00 mol con Cp, m = 7/2R se ponga el ciclo
siguiente: (a) constante-volumen de calefaccin a dos veces su temperatura inicial (298 K), (b)

reversible, adiabtico de expansin a su temperatura inicial, la compresin isotrmica (c) reversible a

1,00 ATM, calcular q, w, U y H para cada paso y en general. un) w = 0 U = q = 1,48 Kcal, H =
2.07 Kcal; b) q = 0, w = U =-1.48 Kcal, H =-2.07 Kcal; c) U = H = 0, w = 1.08 Kcal, q = -w.
17. las temperaturas y volmenes en expansin adiabtica reversible estn relacionados con
por: = ()

) 1 = ,

. La capacidad de calor constante de volumen de un gas

puede medirse mediante la observacin de la disminucin de la temperatura cuando ampla adibtico y
reversible. Si tambin se mide la disminucin de la presin, podemos utilizarlo para deducir el valor
de = Cp/CV y por lo tanto, mediante la combinacin de los dos valores, deducir la capacidad de
calor de la presin constante. Un gas de fluorocarbono se permiti expandir reversiblemente y
adibtico a dos veces su volumen; como resultado, la temperatura cay de 298,15 K 248,44 k y la
presin baj de 202.94 kPa kPa 81.840.
18. la velocidad del sonido, cs, en un gas de masa molar M se relaciona con el cociente de las
capacidades de calor por cs = (RT/M) 1/2. Demuestran que cs = (p /) 1/2, donde es la densidad
de masa del gas. Calcular la velocidad del sonido en argn a 25 C.