Microsoft PowerPoint - Mechanical Hazards Jan07

CAB
CAB 2012
2012 -- HSE
HSE
Mechanical
Mechanical Hazards
Hazards and
and
Machine
Machine Safeguarding
Safeguarding
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
!! Describe
Describe the
the basic
basic mechanical
mechanical hazards
hazards
involving
involving machinery
machinery including
including point
point of
of
operation
operation and
and power
power transmission
transmission
devices.
devices.
!! Introduce
Introduce control
control measures
measures through
through
effective
effective machine
machine guarding
guarding principles
principles
and
and methods.
methods.
2
Mechanical
Mechanical Hazards
Hazards and
and
Machine
Safeguarding
DOSH
DOSH
Department
Department of
of Safety
Safety and
and Health
Health -- MOHR
MOHR
NIOSH
NIOSH
National
National Institute
Institute of
of Occupational
Occupational Safety
Safety
and
and Health
Health
3
Rules
Rules from
from Occupational
Occupational Safety
Safety
and
and Health
Health (OSHA)
(OSHA)
!! Any
Any machine
machine part,
part, function,
function, or
or process
process
which
which may
may cause
cause injury
injury must
must be
be
safeguarded.
safeguarded.
!! Where
Where the
the operation
operation of
of aa machine
machine or
or
contact
contact with
with itit can
can injure
injure the
the operator
operator or
or
others
others in
in the
the vicinity,
vicinity, the
the hazards
hazards must
must be
be
either
either eliminated
eliminated or
or controlled.
controlled.
4
Where Mechanical Hazards Occur ?

ACTIONS
Cutting
Puncturing
Shaping
Shearing
Crushing
Forming
Bending
Straining
Boring
Mechanical Hazards - Actions

Cutting
Body parts in contact with sharp
edges
Occurs at the point of cutting
operation
Flying chip / scrap materials

Cutting Process
Circular Saw
Drilling
Turning
Milling
7

Shearing
Applying power to
a slide or knife in
order to trim or
shear metal or
other materials
Shearing Process
Occurs at the
point of shearing
operation
8

Puncturing
Power is applied to
a slide (ram) for the
purpose of blanking,
drawing, or stamping
metal or other
materials
Puncturing Process
Occurs at the point

of operation
9

Bending
Power is applied to
a slide in order to
draw or stamp metal
or other materials
Bending
Process
Bending
Process
Occurs at the point

of operation
10

MOTIONS
Moving Parts
A. Rotating (nip points)
C. Transversing
B. Reciprocating
Components :
Pulleys, Gears, Chains,
Shafts, Sprocket, Belts, etc
11
Mechanical Hazards - Motions

A. Rotating
Rotating motion can be dangerous; even
smooth , slowly rotating shafts can grip
clothing and force an arm or hand into a
dangerous position
Rotating nip points are created
between rotating and tangentially moving
part or fixed part
12
13
14
15
16
17

B. Reciprocating
back-and-forth or up-and-down
movement can trap a worker between
a moving and stationary part.
18

C. Transversing
Moving part can create a hazard
because a worker may be struck or
caught in a pinch or shear point by the
moving part
19

Transversing
20

OTHERS
Flying Chips
Sparks
21
Mechanical Hazards
How
How to
to reduce
reduce
mechanical
mechanical hazards?
hazards?
MACHINE
MACHINE SAFEGUARDING
SAFEGUARDING
22
Machine Safeguarding - Purpose

!
To minimize the risk of accidents due

to direct contact between human
(operator) and machine
Direct contact can be :

Operator direct contact with machine
because of fatigue, distraction, careless etc.
!
From machines such as flying chip and

hot metal splashes
!
Direct results of machine malfunction

23
24

Safeguards are essential for protecting
workers from needless and preventable
injuries.
!
Any machine part, function, or process

which many cause injury must be
safeguarded.
!
Immediate corrective actions, including

stopping the machine, must be taken when
a potential mechanical hazard is observed
!
25
WHAT MAKES A GUARD EFFECTIVE ?
Must prevent human contact with any
potentially harmful machine part
!
Must not present a hazard in itself or

create interference
!
Must not allow objects to fall into moving

parts
!
Allows safe maintenance and lubrication.

26
There are many ways to safeguard
machines depending on :
!
Type of operation
Size or shape of machine
Physical layout of the work area
Type of material
27
GUARDS (prevent) - are always
preferred and more practical to be used for
power transmission (motion).
!
DEVICES (control) - are sometimes a

more practical option when safeguarding
point of operation.
!
28
GUARD
DEVICE
29
1. Point of Operation Guards :
!
Fixed Guards - permanent part of the

machine. Made of sheet metal, bar,
palstics or other substantial material.
Interlocked guards when opened or

removed, the tripping mechanism or
power automatically shut off.
Adjustable guards allow flexibility in

accommodating various size of machine
or type of production.
30
Point of Operation Guards :
Fixed Guards
Interlocked guards
31
2. Point of Operation Devices :
!
May stop the machine if part of human

body accidently placed in danger area.
Most presence sensing devices are :
Photoelectrical (optical)
Radio-frequency
Electromechanical
Pullback system
Restraint
Safety trip control
32
Point of Operation Devices :
33
3. Feeding and Ejection System :
!
Reduce the need of the operator to place

his or her hands in the danger area.
Automatic Feeding/Ejection System

Operator involvement is not necessary
after the machine is set up
Semi Automatic Feeding/Ejection System

Manually feed without reaching danger
zones.
34
Feeding and Ejection System :
35
4. Robot :
!
Machine that load and unload stock,

assemble parts, transfer object etc.
Reduce hazards associated with robot

such as :
entrapment of worker
impact with a moving arm
impact of objects ejected or
dropped by robot
36
5. Lockput/Tagout System :
!
To protect against the unexpected

activation of a machine that is supposed
to be turned off
Lockout system - a padlock is used to

prevent a machine from being turned on
until the lock is removed.
Tagout system similar to lockout

system, but use tag instead of lock
37
Lockout/Tag-out System
38
TRAINING
!
Safeguarding system cannot offer

effective protection against mechanical
hazards unless the worker knows how to
use it and why.
Safety training is necessary for operators

and maintenance or set-up personnel
when any new or altered safeguards are
put in service.
39
TRAINING
!
A description and identification of the

hazards associated with machines.
How the workers protect themselves?
How to use the safeguards and why?
In what circumstances safeguards can be

removed?
What to do if safeguard is damaged, who

should be contacted?
40
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING/PERSONAL
EQUIPMENT
!
Must appropriate for the particular

hazards
Maintained in good condition
Properly stored when not in use to

prevent damage or loss
Kept clean and fully functional.

41
Mechanical Hazards/Machine
Safeguarding
CONCLUSION
!
Use tagout procedures before service,

maintenance, or repair jobs on machines or
equipment.
Follow standard operating procedures (SOP) :

implement safe work steps to check, set up
machines, start, and finish job or task.
Inspection and maintenance : inspect the

machinery, guards, and your entire work area,
regularly and often.
42
Safeguarding
!
Emergency preparation and regular drills : to

be prepared and able to respond effectively to
minimize loss.
Human factor planning : To allow operator

regular relief and change from repetitive tasks
on production lines, to avoid fatigue, strains,
sprains, and other injuries or accidents through
regular breaks and task variety.
Training : Conduct training on workplace

inspection, housekeeping and emergency
action and response.
43
Safeguarding
THANK YOU
44

Microsoft PowerPoint - Mechanical Hazards Jan07

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Microsoft PowerPoint - Mechanical Hazards Jan07

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

CAB

Where Mechanical Hazards Occur ?

Mechanical Hazards - Actions

Mechanical Hazards - Actions

Mechanical Hazards - Actions

Mechanical Hazards - Actions

Occurs at the point

Mechanical Hazards - Actions

Occurs at the point

Where Mechanical Hazards Occur ?

Mechanical Hazards - Motions

Mechanical Hazards - Motions

Mechanical Hazards - Motions

Mechanical Hazards - Motions

Mechanical Hazards - Motions

Mechanical Hazards - Motions

Mechanical Hazards - Motions

Mechanical Hazards - Motions

Mechanical Hazards - Motions

Where Mechanical Hazards Occur ?

Machine Safeguarding - Purpose

To minimize the risk of accidents due

Direct contact can be :

From machines such as flying chip and

Direct results of machine malfunction

Machine Safeguarding - Purpose

Machine Safeguarding - Purpose

Any machine part, function, or process

Immediate corrective actions, including

Must not present a hazard in itself or

Must not allow objects to fall into moving

Allows safe maintenance and lubrication.

Size or shape of machine

Physical layout of the work area

DEVICES (control) - are sometimes a

Fixed Guards - permanent part of the

Interlocked guards when opened or

Adjustable guards allow flexibility in

May stop the machine if part of human

Most presence sensing devices are :

Reduce the need of the operator to place

Automatic Feeding/Ejection System

Semi Automatic Feeding/Ejection System

Machine that load and unload stock,

Reduce hazards associated with robot

To protect against the unexpected

Lockout system - a padlock is used to

Tagout system similar to lockout

Safeguarding system cannot offer

Safety training is necessary for operators

A description and identification of the

How the workers protect themselves?

How to use the safeguards and why?

In what circumstances safeguards can be

What to do if safeguard is damaged, who

Must appropriate for the particular

Maintained in good condition

Properly stored when not in use to

Kept clean and fully functional.

Use tagout procedures before service,

Follow standard operating procedures (SOP) :

Inspection and maintenance : inspect the

Emergency preparation and regular drills : to

Human factor planning : To allow operator