INDONESIA

DEMOGRAPHICS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Total population (000)

242,326 (2011)

Total under-five population (000)

21,199 (2011)

Total number of births (000)

Causes of under-five deaths, 2010

Under-five mortality rate

Globally, undernutrition contributes to more than

one third of child deaths

Deaths per 1,000 live births

100

4,331 (2011)

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

32 (2011)

Total number of under-five deaths (000)

Others 20%

80

Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

25 (2011)

Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

15 (2011)

HIV prevalence rate (1549 years old, %)

0.3 (2011)

Population below international

poverty line of US$1.25 per day (%)

18 (2010)

60

Measles 5%
Meningitis 2%
HIV/AIDS 0%

GNI per capita (US$)

2,940 (2011)

Primary school net attendance ratio

(% female, % male)

98, 98 (2010)

82

Neonatal 48%

134 (2011)

40

32

Injuries 6%
Malaria 2%

27

20

Diarrhoea 5%
Pneumonia 12%

MDG 4
target

0
1990

Source: WHO/CHERG, 2012.

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Source: IGME, 2012.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Burden of malnutrition (2011)

Stunted (under-fives, 000)

7,547

MDG 1 progress

Stunting country rank

Wasted (under-fives, 000)

2,820

Underweight (under-fives, 000)

3,795

Share of world stunting burden (%)

Severely wasted (under-fives, 000)

1,272

Overweight (under-fives, 000)

2,968

On track

Stunting trends

Stunting disparities

Underweight trends

Percentage of children <5 years old stunted

Percentage of children <5 years old stunted,

by selected background characteristics

Percentage of children <5 years old underweight

100%
80%

40%

48

42

42

40

36

20%

40

2000
2001
Other NS Other NS

2007
Other NS

2010
Other NS

60

43
39
34
31

Poorest 20%
Second 20%
Middle 20%
Fourth 20%
Richest 20%
0%

20%

52

40
20

24

0%
1995
MICS

MDG 1: ON TRACK
80

31

Urban
Rural

60%

100

37
34

Boys
Girls

30

25

23

20

18

2000
Other NS

2001
Other NS

2007
Other NS

2010
Other NS

0
40%

60%

80%

100%

1995
MICS

Source: Other NS, 2010.

INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING

Exclusive breastfeeding trends

Infant feeding practices, by age

Percentage of infants <6 months old exclusively

breastfed

100%

100%

80%
80%
60%

60%
40%

45

37

42

40

20%

32
40%

0%
1991
DHS

1994
DHS

1997
DHS

20022003
DHS

2007
DHS

Weaned
(not breastfed)

Breastfed and
non-milk liquids

Breastfed and
solid/semi-solid foods

Breastfed and
plain water only

Breastfed and
other milk/formula

Exclusively
breastfed

74

Improving Child Nutrition

20%

0%
01

23

45

67

89

1011

1213

Age (months)
Source: DHS, 2007.

1415

1617

1819

2021

2223

INDONESIA
ESSENTIAL NUTRITION PRACTICES AND INTERVENTIONS DURING THE LIFE CYCLE
PREGNANCY

BIRTH

Use of iron-folic
acid supplements

29%

Households with
adequately iodized salt

62%

05 MONTHS

2459 MONTHS

Partial

International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes

Early initiation of breastfeeding

29%
(within 1 hour of birth)
Infants not weighed at birth

623 MONTHS

No

Maternity protection in accordance with ILO Convention 183

Exclusive breastfeeding
32%
(<6 months)

18%

Introduction to solid, semi-solid

or soft foods (68 months)

85%

Continued breastfeeding at 1 year old 80%

To increase child survival, promote child development
and prevent stunting, nutrition interventions need to be
delivered during pregnancy and the first two years of life.

Minimum dietary diversity

Minimum acceptable diet

Full coverage of vitamin A supplementation

76%

Treatment of severe acute malnutrition

included in national health plans

Yes

MICRONUTRIENTS
Anaemia

Iodized salt trends*

Vitamin A supplementation

Prevalence of anaemia among

selected populations

Percentage of households with adequately

iodized salt

Percentage of children 659 months old

receiving two doses of vitamin A during
calendar year (full coverage)

1,633,000 newborns are unprotected against iodine

deficiency disorders (2011)

100%

100%

80%

80%

NO DATA

60%

73

69

65

60%

62

40%

40%

20%

20%

0%
2001
Other NS

2002
Other NS

2003
Other NS

220

(2010)

Maternal mortality ratio, reported

(per 100,000 live births)

230

(2007)

9,600

(2010)

Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in : )

210

Women with low BMI (<18.5 kg/m , %)

Anaemia, non-pregnant women (<120g/l, %)

93

(2010)

Antenatal care (at least four visits, %)

82

(2007)

79

(2007)

(2007)

10

(2007)

Low birthweight (<2,500 grams, %)

Women 2024 years old who gave birth
before age 18 (%)

76

2008

2009

2010

2011

Improved sanitation coverage

Percentage of population, by type of drinking

water source, 19902010

Percentage of population, by type of sanitation

facility, 19902010

Piped on premises
Unimproved
5

100%

25

80%

Other improved
Surface water
1
8

16

0
8

Improved facilities
Unimproved facilities
7
32

100%

22

80%

60%
61

40%

66

62

59

20%
9

0%

25

20

36
2

1990 2010
Total

1990 2010
Urban

17
9

22
66

19

26

60%

56

Shared facilities
Open defecation

39

Antenatal care (at least one visit, %)

Skilled attendant at birth (%)

80

Improved drinking water coverage

(2010)

2007

84

WATER AND SANITATION

Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted

(per 100,000 live births)

Total number of maternal deaths

2006

86

Source: UNICEF, 2012.

* Estimates may not be comparable.

MATERNAL
NUTRITION AND HEALTH

0%
2005

2007
Other NS

87

82

76

40%

20%

32

14
3
10

48

73

25

36

8
13

11
56

54

12

6
39
21

0%
1990 2010
Total

1990 2010
Rural

Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP, 2012.

1990 2010
Urban

1990 2010
Rural

Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP, 2012.

DISPARITIES IN NUTRITION
Gender

Residence

Wealth quintile

Male

Female

Ratio of
male to
female

Stunting prevalence (%)

37

34

1.1

31

40

0.8

43

39

34

31

24

0.6

Other NS, 2010

Underweight prevalence (%)

19

17

1.1

15

21

0.7

23

19

18

15

10

0.5

Other NS, 2010

Wasting prevalence (%)

14

13

1.1

13

14

0.9

15

14

13

12

11

0.7

Other NS, 2010

Women with low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2, %)

Women with high BMI (*25 kg/m2, %)

Indicator

Urban

Rural

Ratio of
urban to
rural

Poorest

Second

Middle

Fourth

Richest

Ratio of
richest to
poorest

Source

Equity chart

Nutrition Profiles

75