Executive Summary

There are opportunity of improvement in 11 kV Distribution system for Capacity

Utilisation i.e. reduction in Capital Cost for augmentation, reduction in Technical
Loss and improvement in Power Quality and managing demand hence Cheaper
Quality Power to Consumer.
Volt-VAR Optimization (VVO) is one of the most important Advanced Distribution
Management System Application. VVO refers to the optimization of reactive
power and voltage regulation resources on the distribution system for the
purpose of
Conservation through voltage reduction i.e. Demand Reduction
Reactive Power Compensation hence Capacity Utilisation.
Technical Loss Reduction.
Background
The concept of Volt-VAR Optimization or Control is essential to deliver power
within appropriate voltage limits so that consumers equipment operates
properly, and to deliver power at an optimal power factor to minimize losses.
Optimized VAR flow improves power factor and can result in substantial savings
in cost of energy. Optimized Voltage improves power quality by preventing
over/under voltage conditions and achieving flatter voltage profile along circuits.
Conservation Voltage Reduction is an advanced strategy that reduces real power
demand by lowering customer voltages within approved limits. These concepts
are affected by a variety of factors throughout the distribution network including:
substation bus voltages; length of feeders; conductor sizing; type, size, and
location of different loads (resistive, capacitive, inductive, or a combination of
these). The complexity and dynamic nature of these characteristics make the
task of managing electrical distribution networks challenging.
Voltage Regulation: Voltage regulation refers to the management of voltages
on a feeder with varying load conditions. Under normal conditions, the service
and source voltages must remain within standard limits. During high load
conditions, the source voltage at the substation is at the higher end of this range
and the service voltages at the end of the feeder are at the lower end of the
range.
VAR Regulation: Nearly all power system loads require a combination of real
power (watts) and reactive power (VARs). Real power must be supplied by a
remote generator while reactive power can be supplied either by a local VAR
supply, such as a capacitor or from the remote generator through distribution
network. Delivery of reactive power from a remote VAR supply results in
additional feeder voltage drop and losses due to increased current flow. Since
demand for reactive power is higher during heavy load conditions than light load
conditions, VAR supply on a distribution feeder is regulated or controlled by
switching capacitors on during periods of high demand and off during periods of

low demand. As with voltage control, there are both feeder design considerations
(to minimize capital costs) and operating considerations.
Volt/VAR Regulation: The flow of reactive power affects power system
voltages just as the flow of real power does. The effects of real power flow nearly
always have negative effects on voltage while the effects of reactive power flows
are sometimes positive and sometimes negative. Experience has proven that
overall costs and performance of operating a power system can be best
managed if voltage control and reactive power control are well integrated.
UTILITY-X intend to automate and to implement VVO with FRTUs, Capacitor Banks
& Controllers and Transformers OLTCs. VVO interoperates with many types of
networking technologies for monitoring and controlling of capacitors and voltage
regulators. UTILITY-X propose to use 3G cellular or Radio Frequency or
combination of both technologies for the accessibility of remote equipment.
UTILITY-X planned to implement VVO in 2 Feeders and at 3 substations per feeder
and on 1 Normal Open Point i.e. on 7 Substations. Capacitor bank along with
Microprocessor based Controller shall be installed along with FRTU for monitoring
and controlling of Cap Bank Controller at each substation.
A feeder reconfiguration has been an important aspect of distribution
automation. The reconfiguration is used to avoid overloading of feeders resulting
from load variations. In a distribution feeder, the load may vary with time and
overshoot its rated thermal capacity during some heavy load period. The load
variation also depends on the kind of load such as residential load, commercial or
industrial load. In case of an overload, in order to keep the system reliable, a part
of the load from the overloaded feeder should be transferred to an adjacent
feeder that is relatively lightly loaded. This redistribution of load among feeders
makes the system more balanced and the risk of overloading is reduced thereby
increasing the reliability of a system. Along with VVO, UTILITY-X intend to
implement Feeder Reconfiguration in their Substation. For the operation of
distribution systems, loading balance of distribution feeders is important for
reducing power loss and mitigating power flow overloading. A distribution
management system is disclosed for performing load balancing of feeders based
on a system load and load feeders in a distribution network and the system
comprises of:
A control system for determining a system load of a distribution system
and load of feeders in a distribution network
An output for identifying a transferring of load to align the load indices of
transformer and feeder with the system load to achieve load balance.
Bill of Material:

S.
No.

Item Description

Quanti
ty

Unit
s

Unit
Cost

Total
Cost

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Supply of Cap Bank, Microprocessor based

Controller and Battery Bank
Supply of Motor for the motorizing RMU
Supply of FRTU with necessary peripheral
items
3G Router or RF Modem
Power Supply Unit
Relays for 4-Way RMU
Supply of Material for Civil Works
Ring Fence
Installation, Testing & Commissioning of
Cap Bank, Controller & Battery Bank
Retrofitting of Motor in RMU
Installation, Testing & Commissioning of
FRTU, Router and Power Supply Unit
Installation, Testing & Commissioning of
Relays
Civil Works Infrastructure
Installation of Ring Fence
Total Cost in Lacs

521500
0
525000
210000
0
490000
49000
770000
245000
175000

Nos.

74500
0
75000
30000
0
70000
7000
55000
35000
25000
12500
0
75000

Nos.

33000

231000

14

Nos.

10000

140000

7
7

Lot
Nos.

45000
15000

315000
105000
117.60

Nos.

Nos.

Nos.

7
7
14
7
7

Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lot
Nos.

Nos.

Contingency to be taken as 20% on the overall figure. So total Cost of the

Project may be capped at INR 1.35 Cr.

875000
525000