1.) You are taking care of a patient with severe COPD.

What type of diet would best suit

this patient's needs?

Cut apples, fresh broccoli, and grilled chicken

Pureed sweet potatoes, ground turkey & gravy with mash potatoes

Green beans, boiled carrots, and steamed fish

Fried chicken, French fries, and pudding

A patient who has COPD will have difficulty breathing and the slightest activities can cause shortness
of breath. Therefore, the patient would need something that is very easy to eat and requires minimal
chewing. The best option here is pureed sweet potatoes, ground turkey & gravy with mash potatoes.
2.) A patient who has a colostomy is complaining about having excess gas. You ask the
patient to tell you what he has ate in the past 48 hours. Which food would you suspect is
causing the patient excessive gas?

Cherries, Radishes, and Watermelon

Caraway seeds, tomato soup, and eggs

Chicken, grapes, and raspberries

Squash, Spinach, and Pickles

Cherries, Radishes, and Watermelon are gas causing foods and should be decreased in consummation
if a patient is experiencing excess gas.
3.) A patient is diagnosed with Congestive Heart Failure and must follow a specific diet.
Which spices are okay for the patient to use daily?

Onion Salt & Garlic Powder

Ginger & Bay Leaves

Sea Salt & Pepper

Garlic Sodium & Nutmeg

Patients with CHF should avoid excessive sodium. All of the options expect one contain at least one
sodium spice, therefore, Ginger & Bay Leaves are okay to use.
4.) A patient with gout should follow what type of diet?

High-calcium diet

Potassium-modified diet

Low-purine diet

Renal Diet

Patients with gout suffer from elevated uric acid levels which can cause a gout attack. Therefore, they
need to restrict from eating foods high in purine. These foods usually include: anchovies, herring,
mackerel, sardines, scallops, glandular meats, wild game, goose, and sweetbreads.
6.) The patient is on a low potassium diet that includes food such as applesauce, green
beans, cabbage, lettuce, grapes, and raspberries. What type of patient would you expect
to be on this type of diet?

A patient with heart disease

A patient with osteoporosis

A patient with Addisons disease

A patient who recently had gastric bypass surgery

Patients with Addison disease secrete too much potassium so they need to be on a low potassium
diet.
5.) A patient with anemia would benefit from which diet?

Legumes, organ meat, and dark green leafy vegetables

Nuts and seeds, fruits, and soy products

Vegetables, fish, and pasta

Grains, berries, and organic vegetables

A patient with anemia needs food high in iron, therefore, legumes, organ meat, and dark green leafy
vegetables are the best choice.
7.) A patient is on a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet. What type of foods can the patient eat?

Fish, milk, and poached eggs

Chicken, cheese, and grilled eggplant

Boiled eggs and chocolate milk

Oysters, yogurt, and turkey

Patients on a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet eat eggs and dairy products but avoid meat, poultry, and
seafood.
8.) A patient is suffering from a broken jaw. Which foods would be most beneficial for this
patient?

Carrots, fried chicken, and cereal

Soup, pudding, and ice cream

Rice, watermelon, and smoked fish

Tacos, peanuts, and fresh broccoli

A patient with a broken jaw needs foods that require no chewing. Soup, pudding, and ice cream meet
these qualifications.
9.) A patient receiving dialysis should avoid what type of foods?

Canned soups, cold cut sandwiches, and Chinese take-out

Fresh fruits and vegetable, poultry, and beans

Steamed broccoli, broiled mackerel, and artificial sweeteners

Microwaved sweet potatoes, boiled cabbage, and artichokes

Patients who are receiving dialysis have renal disease and therefore should follow a sodium restricted
diet. Canned soups, cold cut sandwiches, and Chinese take-out are all high in sodium.
10.) A patient is admitted for diverticulitis. The patient has been on a full liquid diet and
has been tolerating it well. Now the MD has ordered the patient a new diet. You would
expect to find what type of food on the patients lunch tray?

Piece of white bread, skinless white potatoes, and white rice.

Glass of whole milk, broccoli, and cabbage

Peanut butter sandwich, glass of milk, and strawberries

French fries, chicken salad, and apple pie

Patients with diverticulitis should be started on a low-residue diet after full liquids have been tolerated.
A piece of white bread, skinless white potatoes, and white rice are considered low-residue foods.
11.) A patient has a low magnesium level. Which food of the selection below is the highest
in magnesium?

Avocado

Liver

Mushrooms

Rhubarb

Out of the selection Avocado is the only item highest in magnesium.

12.) A patient is started on the diuretic Spironolactone. Which foods should the patient be
careful to avoid eating too much of?

Eggs

Green leafy vegetables

Bananas

Hot Dogs

Spironolactone is known as a potassium-sparing diuretic medication (meaning it keeps potassium)

therefore a patient would need to watch how much potassium they eat. Bananas are high in
potassium.
13.) A patient was recently admitted for a Deep Vein Thrombosis and was started on
Coumadin. During your education with the patient you would instruct the patient to avoid
what food?

Bananas

Lettuce

Spinach

Processed meats

Coumadin prevents clotting of the blood. Due to the high amount of vitamin k (vitamin k plays a role in
clotting) in green leafy vegetable, these foods should be limited.
14.) A patients potassium level is 6.0. Which food should the patient avoid?

6.0 is a normal potassium level so the patient can eat whatever they want without an effect

Raisins

Milk

Egg yolks

Normal potassium levels are 3.5-5.0. Therefore a potassium level of 6.0 is considered high so the
patient should avoid foods high in potassium. In this case, raisins are the highest in potassium.
15.) A patient has a stage 4 pressure ulcer on their sacral area. What type of foods would
the patient most benefit from?

Dried beans, eggs, meats

Liver, spinach, corn

Oats, fruits, and vegetables

Peanuts, tomatoes, and cabbage

A patient with a stage 4 pressure ulcer needs a high protein diet to promote wound healing. Dried
beans, eggs, and meats are the highest protein foods of the selection.
16.) A patient is post-opt from gallbladder surgery and is ordered a clear liquid diet. Which
of the selection can the patient have?

Apple Juice

Vanilla Custard

Fudge Popsicle

Creamy Chicken Soup

Clear liquids are foods that are transparent to light and are liquid at body temperature. Apple juice
meets these requirements.
17.) A patient just had a Wound Vac placed on her abdomen from abdominal surgery.
Which foods would help promote wound healing?

Citrus fruit and tomatoes

Liver, beef, and fish

Corn, poultry, and grains

Peanuts, beans, and pork

Foods high in vitamin C help promote the production of collagen which is vital for wound healing. Citrus
fruits and tomatoes are high in vitamin C.
18.) A patient asks you what vitamin is best for eye sight. Your response is:

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B6

Vitamin C

Vitamin A

Vitamin A maintains eye sight. Foods rich in vitamin A are liver, egg yolks, green/orange vegetables &
fruits.

19.) You have a patient who just had a stroke and has garbled speech. What type of diet do
you expect the patient to be prescribed after a speech evaluation?

Soft diet

Full liquid diet

Mechanically altered diet with thin liquids

Mechanically altered diet with nectar thick liquids

When a patient has a stroke they are at risk for aspiration due to the decrease ability to swallow. Many
times a stroke with affect speech as well the patients ability to utilize the swallowing muscles.
Generally, when garbled speech is noted in a stroke victim this is a sign there is a problem with the
patients ability to use their swallowing muscles. A mechanically altered diet with nectar thick liquid
will usually be prescribed. However, a speech evaluation will determine what is needed.
20.) A patient is to be started on enteral feedings. What important step should the nurse
take before the patient is started on enteral feedings?

Assess patient allergies to lactose

Assess the patients understanding about enteral feedings

Evaluate the families perception of the enteral feedings

Make sure the patient stays nothing by mouth while enteral feedings are being administered

The most important step in this question is for the nurse to make sure the patient is not allergic or
intolerant to lactose. The nutritionist will evaluate the patient and determine what type of enteral
feedings will be started. However, as the patients nurse it is your responsibility to make sure the
patient doesnt receive something they are allergic or intolerant to (especially since you will be the one
administering the enteral feeding). Lactose is a major ingredient of enteral feedings. If the patient is
allergic to lactose, another ingredient can be substituted in its place.