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BellLabs
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

ForbuildingsnamedBellTelephoneLaboratories,seeBellLaboratoriesBuilding(Manhattan).
BellLaboratories(alsoknownasBellLabsand
formerlyknownasAT&TBellLaboratoriesandBell
TelephoneLaboratories)isaresearchandscientific
developmentcompanythatbelongstoAlcatelLucent.Its
headquartersarelocatedinMurrayHill,NewJersey,in
additiontootherlaboratoriesaroundtherestofthe
UnitedStatesandinothercountries.

BellTelephoneLaboratories,Inc.

Thehistoriclaboratoryoriginatedinthelate19thcentury
astheVoltaLaboratoryandBureaucreatedbyAlexander
GrahamBell.BellLabswasalsoatonetimeadivisionof
theAmericanTelephone&TelegraphCompany(AT&T
Corporation),halfownedthroughitsWesternElectric
manufacturingsubsidiary.

LogotypeofBellLabsin2014.

ResearchersworkingatBellLabsarecreditedwiththe
developmentofradioastronomy,thetransistor,thelaser,
thechargecoupleddevice(CCD),informationtheory,
theUNIXoperatingsystem,theCprogramming
language,SprogramminglanguageandtheC++
programminglanguage.EightNobelPrizeshavebeen
awardedforworkcompletedatBellLaboratories.

Type

Private(SubsidiaryofAlcatel
Lucent)

Industry

Informationtechnology

Founded

1925

Headquarters MurrayHill,NewJersey,
UnitedStates
Parent

AT&T(19251996)
WesternElectric(19251983)
Lucent(19962006)
AlcatelLucent(2006present)

Website

www.belllabs.com
(http://www.belllabs.com/)

Contents
1Originandhistoricallocations
1.1Earlynamesake
1.2Earlyantecedent
1.3Formalorganization
2Discoveriesanddevelopments
2.11920s
2.21930s
2.31940s
2.3.1Calculators
2.41950s
2.51960s
2.61970s
2.71980s
2.81990s
2.92000s
2.102010s
3Presidents
4Programs

BellLaboratoriesinMurrayHill,New
Jersey

4Programs
5BellLabsTechnologyShowcase
6Seealso
7References
8Furtherreading
9Externallinks

Originandhistoricallocations
Earlynamesake
In1880,theFrenchgovernmentawardedAlexanderGraham
BelltheVoltaPrizeof50,000francs,approximately
US$10,000atthattime(about$250,000incurrentdollars[1])
fortheinventionofthetelephone.Bellusedtheawardtofound
theVoltaLaboratory(AlexanderGrahamBellLaboratory)in
Washington,D.C.,incollaborationwithSumnerTainterand
Bell'scousinChichesterBell.[2]Thelaboratoryisalsovariously
knownastheVoltaBureau,theBellCarriageHouse,theBell
LaboratoryandtheVoltaLaboratory.Thelaboratoryfocused
ontheanalysis,recording,andtransmissionofsound.Bellused
Bell's1893VoltaBureaubuildingin
hisconsiderableprofitsfromthelaboratoryforfurtherresearch
Washington,D.C.
andeducationtopermitthe"[increased]diffusionofknowledge
relatingtothedeaf".[2]Thisresultedinthefoundingofthe
VoltaBureauc.1887,locatedatBell'sfather'shouseat152735thStreetinWashington,D.C.,whereits
carriagehousebecametheirheadquartersin1889.[2]In1893,Bellconstructedanewbuilding,closebyat
153735thSt.,specificallytohousethelab.[2]ThebuildingwasdeclaredaNationalHistoricLandmarkin
1972.[3][4][5]

Earlyantecedent
In1884,theAmericanBellTelephoneCompanycreatedtheMechanicalDepartmentfromtheElectrical
andPatentDepartmentformedayearearlier.

Formalorganization
In1925,WesternElectricResearchLaboratoriesandpartoftheengineeringdepartmentoftheAmerican
Telephone&Telegraphcompany(AT&T)wereconsolidatedtoformBellTelephoneLaboratories,Inc.,as
aseparateentity.
ThefirstpresidentofresearchwasFrankB.Jewett,whostayedthereuntil1940.OwnershipofBell
LaboratorieswasevenlysplitbetweenAT&TandtheWesternElectricCompany.Itsprincipalworkwasto
plan,design,andsupporttheequipmentthatWesternElectricbuiltforBellSystemoperatingcompanies.
Thisincludedeverythingfromtelephones,telephoneexchangeswitches,andtransmissionequipment.Bell
LabsalsocarriedoutconsultingworkfortheBellTelephoneCompanyandU.S.governmentwork.Afew

workerswereassignedtobasicresearch,andthisattractedmuchattention,especiallysincetheyproduced
severalNobelPrizewinners.Untilthe1940s,thecompany'sprincipallocationswereinandaroundtheBell
LabsBuildinginNewYorkCity,butmanyoftheseweremovedtosuburbanareasofNewJersey.
AmongthelaterBellLaboratorieslocationsinNewJerseywereMurrayHill,Holmdel,CrawfordHill,the
DealTestSite,Freehold,Lincroft,LongBranch,Middletown,Neptune,Princeton,Piscataway,RedBank,
andWhippany.Ofthese,MurrayHillandCrawfordHillremaininexistence(thePiscatawayandRedBank
locationsweretransferredtoandarenowoperatedbyTelcordiaTechnologiesandtheWhippanysitewas
purchasedbyBayer[6]).
ThelargestgroupingofpeopleinthecompanywasinIllinois,atNapervilleLisle,intheChicagoarea,
whichhadthelargestconcentrationofemployees(about11,000)priorto2001.Therealsoweregroupsof
employeesinIndianapolis,IndianaColumbus,OhioNorthAndover,MassachusettsAllentown,
PennsylvaniaReading,PennsylvaniaandBreinigsville,PennsylvaniaBurlington,NorthCarolina(1950s
1970s,movedtoGreensboro1980s)andWestminster,Colorado.Since2001,manyoftheformerlocations
havebeenscaleddownorclosed.
TheHolmdelsite,a1.9millionsquarefootstructureseton473acres,wasclosedin2007.Themirrored
glassbuildingwasdesignedbyEeroSaarinen.InAugust2013,SomersetDevelopmentboughtthebuilding,
intendingtoredevelopitintoamixedcommercialandresidentialproject.Theprospectsofsuccessare
cloudedbythedifficultyofreadaptingSaarinen'sdesignandbythecurrentglutofagingandabandoned
officeparks.[7]

Discoveriesanddevelopments
Atitspeak,BellLaboratorieswasthepremierfacilityofitstype,
developingawiderangeofrevolutionarytechnologies,including
radioastronomy,thetransistor,thelaser,informationtheory,the
UNIXoperatingsystem,theCprogramminglanguageandtheC++
programminglanguage.EightNobelPrizeshavebeenawardedfor
workcompletedatBellLaboratories.[8]

BellLaboratorieslogo,usedfrom
1969until1983

1937:ClintonJ.DavissonsharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsfordemonstratingthewavenatureof
matter.
1956:JohnBardeen,WalterH.Brattain,andWilliamShockleyreceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysics
forinventingthefirsttransistors.
1977:PhilipW.AndersonsharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsfordevelopinganimproved
understandingoftheelectronicstructureofglassandmagneticmaterials.
1978:ArnoA.PenziasandRobertW.WilsonsharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysics.PenziasandWilson
werecitedfortheirdiscoveryofcosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation,anearlyuniformglowthat
fillstheUniverseinthemicrowavebandoftheradiospectrum.
1997:StevenChusharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsfordevelopingmethodstocoolandtrapatoms
withlaserlight.
1998:HorstStrmer,RobertLaughlin,andDanielTsui,wereawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsfor
thediscoveryandexplanationofthefractionalquantumHalleffect.
2009:WillardS.Boyle,GeorgeE.SmithsharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicstogetherwithCharlesK.
Kao.BoyleandSmithwerecitedfortheinventionofchargecoupleddevice(CCD)semiconductor
imagingsensors.

2014:EricBetzigsharedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforhisworkinsuperresolvedfluorescence
microscopywhichhebegantopursuewhileatBellLabs.
TheTuringAwardhastwicebeenwonbyBellLabsresearchers:
1968:RichardHammingforhisworkonnumericalmethods,automaticcodingsystems,anderror
detectinganderrorcorrectingcodes.
1983:KenThompsonandDennisRitchiefortheirworkonoperatingsystemstheory,andtheir
developmentofUnix.

1920s
Duringitsfirstyearofoperation,facsimile(fax)transmission,inventedelsewhere,wasfirstdemonstrated
publiclybytheBellLaboratories.In1926,thelaboratoriesinventedanearlyexamplesynchronoussound
motionpicturesystem,incompetitionwithFoxMovietoneandDeForestPhonofilm.[9]
In1924,BellLabsphysicistWalterA.Shewhartproposedthecontrolchartasamethodtodeterminewhen
aprocesswasinastateofstatisticalcontrol.Shewart'smethodswerethebasisforstatisticalprocesscontrol
(SPC)theuseofstatisticallybasedtoolsandtechniquesforthemanagementandimprovementof
processes.Thiswastheoriginofthemodernqualitymovement,includingSixSigma.
In1927,aBellteamheadedbyHerbertE.Ivessuccessfullytransmittedlongdistance128linetelevision
imagesofSecretaryofCommerceHerbertHooverfromWashingtontoNewYork.In1928thethermal
noiseinaresistorwasfirstmeasuredbyJohnB.Johnson,andHarryNyquistprovidedthetheoretical
analysis.(Thisisnowreferredtoas"Johnsonnoise".)Duringthe1920s,theonetimepadcipherwas
inventedbyGilbertVernamandJosephMauborgneatthelaboratories.BellLabs'ClaudeShannonlater
provedthatitisunbreakable.

1930s
In1931,afoundationforradioastronomywaslaidbyKarlJansky
duringhisworkinvestigatingtheoriginsofstaticonlongdistance
shortwavecommunications.Hediscoveredthatradiowaveswere
beingemittedfromthecenterofthegalaxy.In1931and1932,
experimentalhighfidelity,longplaying,andevenstereophonic
recordingsweremadebythelabsofthePhiladelphiaOrchestra,
conductedbyLeopoldStokowski.[10]In1933,stereosignalswere
transmittedlivefromPhiladelphiatoWashington,D.C.In1937,the
vocoder,thefirstelectronicspeechsynthesizerwasinventedand
demonstratedbyHomerDudley.BellresearcherClintonDavisson
sharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicswithGeorgePagetThomsonfor
thediscoveryofelectrondiffraction,whichhelpedlaythe
foundationforsolidstateelectronics.

Reconstructionofthedirectional
antennausedinthediscoveryofradio
emissionofextraterrestrialoriginby
KarlGutheJanskyatBellTelephone
Laboratoriesin1932.

1940s
Intheearly1940s,thephotovoltaiccellwasdevelopedbyRussellOhl.In1943,BelldevelopedSIGSALY,
thefirstdigitalscrambledspeechtransmissionsystem,usedbytheAlliesinWorldWarII.

BellLabsQualityAssuranceDepartmentgavetheworldandtheUnitedStatessuchstatisticiansasWalter
A.Shewhart,W.EdwardsDeming,HaroldF.Dodge,GeorgeD.Edwards,HarryRomig,R.L.Jones,Paul
Olmstead,E.G.D.Paterson,andMaryN.Torrey.DuringWorldWar
II,EmergencyTechnicalCommitteeQualityControl,drawn
mainlyfromBellLabs'statisticians,wasinstrumentalinadvancing
ArmyandNavyammunitionacceptanceandmaterialsampling
procedures.
In1947,thetransistor,probablythemostimportantinvention
developedbyBellLaboratories,wasinventedbyJohnBardeen,
WalterHouserBrattain,andWilliamBradfordShockley(andwho
subsequentlysharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1956).In1947,
RichardHamminginventedHammingcodesforerrordetectionand
correction.Forpatentreasons,theresultwasnotpublisheduntil
Thefirsttransistor,apointcontact
1950.In1948,"AMathematicalTheoryofCommunication",oneof
germaniumdevice,wasinventedat
thefoundingworksininformationtheory,waspublishedbyClaude
BellLaboratoriesin1947.Thisimage
ShannonintheBellSystemTechnicalJournal.Itbuiltinparton
showsareplica.
earlierworkinthefieldbyBellresearchersHarryNyquistand
RalphHartley,butitgreatlyextendedthese.BellLabsalso
introducedaseriesofincreasinglycomplexcalculatorsthroughthedecade.Shannonwasalsothefounder
ofmoderncryptographywithhis1949paperCommunicationTheoryofSecrecySystems.
Calculators
ModelI:AComplexNumberCalculator,completedJanuary1940,fordoingcalculationsofcomplex
numbers.SeeGeorgeStibitz.
ModelII:RelayCalculatororRelayInterpolator,September1943,foraimingantiaircraftguns
ModelIII:BallisticComputer,June1944,forcalculationsofballistictrajectories
ModelIV:BellLaboratoriesRelayCalculator,March1945,asecondBallisticComputer
ModelV:BellLaboratoriesGeneralPurposeRelayCalculator,ofwhichtwowerebuilt,July1946
andFebruary1947,whichweregeneralpurposeprogrammablecomputersusingelectromechanical
relays
ModelVI:November1950,anenhancedModelV

1950s
In1952,WilliamGardnerPfannrevealedthemethodofzonemeltingwhichenabledsemiconductor
purificationandleveldoping.
The1950salsosawdevelopmentalactivitybaseduponinformationtheory.Thecentraldevelopmentwas
binarycodesystems.EffortsconcentratedmorepreciselyontheLaboratories'primemissionofsupporting
theBellSystemwithengineeringadvancesincludingNcarrier,TDMicrowaveradiorelay,DirectDistance
Dialing,Erepeaters,Wirespringrelays,andimprovedswitchingsystems.MauriceKarnaugh,in1953,
developedtheKarnaughmapasatooltofacilitatemanagementofBooleanalgebraicexpressions.In1954,
ThefirstmodernsolarcellwasinventedatBellLaboratories.Asforthespectacularsideofthebusiness,in
1956TAT1,thefirsttransatlantictelephonecablewaslaidbetweenScotlandandNewfoundland,inajoint
effortbyAT&T,BellLaboratories,andBritishandCanadiantelephonecompanies.Ayearlater,in1957,
MUSIC,oneofthefirstcomputerprogramstoplayelectronicmusic,wascreatedbyMaxMathews.New

greedyalgorithmsdevelopedbyRobertC.PrimandJosephKruskal,revolutionizedcomputernetwork
design.In1958,thelaserwasfirstdescribed,inatechnicalpaperbyArthurSchawlowandCharlesHard
Townes.

1960s
InDecember1960,AliJavanandhisassociatesWilliamBennettandDonaldHeriotsuccessfullyoperated
thefirstgaslaser,thefirstcontinuouslightlaser,operatingatanunprecedentedaccuracyandcolorpurity.
Alsoin1960,DawonKahngandMartinAtallainventedthemetaloxidesemiconductorfieldeffect
transistor(MOSFET)theMOSFEThasachievedelectronichegemonyandsustainsthelargescale
integratedcircuits(LSIs)underlyingtoday'sinformationsociety.In1962,theelectretmicrophonewas
inventedbyGerhardM.SesslerandJamesEdwardMaceoWest.Alsoin1962,JohnR.Pierce'svisionof
communicationssatelliteswasrealizedbythelaunchofTelstar.In1964,theCarbondioxidelaserwas
inventedbyKumarPatel.In1965,PenziasandWilsondiscoveredtheCosmicMicrowaveBackground,for
whichtheywereawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1978
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/).FrankW.Sinden,EdwardE.Zajac,Kenneth
C.Knowlton,andA.MichaelNollmadecomputeranimatedmoviesduringtheearlytomid1960s.KenC.
KnowltoninventedthecomputeranimationlanguageBEFLIX.Thefirstdigitalcomputerartwascreatedin
1962byNoll.In1966,Orthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing(OFDM),akeytechnologyinwireless
services,wasdevelopedandpatentedbyR.W.Chang.In1968,Molecularbeamepitaxywasdevelopedby
J.R.ArthurandA.Y.Chomolecularbeamepitaxyallowssemiconductorchipsandlasermatricestobe
manufacturedoneatomiclayeratatime.In1969,theUNIXoperatingsystemwascreatedbyDennis
RitchieandKenThompson.From1969to1971,AaronMarcus,thefirstgraphicdesignerintheworldto
workwithcomputergraphics,researched,designed,andprogrammedaprototypeinteractivepagelayout
systemforthePicturephone(TM).TheChargecoupleddevice(CCD)wasinventedin1969byWillard
BoyleandGeorgeE.Smith,forwhichtheywereawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2009
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/).Inthe1960s,theNewYorkCitysitewassold
andbecametheWestbethArtistsCommunitycomplex.

1970s
The1970sand1980ssawmoreandmorecomputerrelatedinventionsattheBellLaboratoriesaspartofthe
personalcomputingrevolution.In1972,DennisRitchiedevelopedthecompiledCprogramminglanguage
asareplacementfortheinterpretiveBwhichwasthenusedinrewritingtheUNIXoperatingsystem(also
developedatBellLaboratoriesbyRitchieandKenThompson).Additionally,theAWKprogramming
languagewasdesignedandimplementedbyAlfredAho,PeterWeinberger,andBrianKernighanofBell
Laboratories.
In1970,A.MichaelNollinventedatactile,forcefeedbacksystem,coupledwithinteractivestereoscopic
computerdisplay.In1971,animprovedtaskprioritysystemforcomputerizedswitchingsystemsfor
telephonetrafficwasinventedbyErnaSchneiderHoover,whoreceivedoneofthefirstsoftwarepatentsfor
it.In1976,FiberopticssystemswerefirsttestedinGeorgiaandin1980,thefirstsinglechip32bit
microprocessor,theBELLMAC32Awasdemonstrated.Itwentintoproductionin1982.
The1970salsosawamajorcentralofficetechnologyevolvefromcrossbarelectromechanicalrelaybased
technologyanddiscretetransistorlogictoBellLabsdevelopedthickfilmhybridandtransistortransistor
logic(TTL),storedprogramcontrolledswitchingsystems1A/#4TOLLElectronicSwitchingSystems
(ESS)and2ALocalCentralOfficesproducedattheBellLabsNapervilleandWesternElectricLisle,

Illinoisfacilities.Thistechnologyevolutiondramaticallyreduced
thefloorspacerequired.ThenewESSalsocamewithitsown
diagnosticsoftwarethatrequiredonlyaswitchmanandseveral
frametechnicianstomaintain.Thetechnologywasoftentoutedin
theBellLabsTechnicalJournalsandWesternElectricmagazine
(WEPeople).

1980s
In1980,theTDMA
andCDMAdigital
cellulartelephone
technologywas
patented.In1982,
BellLaboratorieslogo,usedfrom1984until
Fractionalquantum
1995
Halleffectwas
discoveredbyHorst
TheCprogramminglanguagewas
Strmerandformer
developedatBellLaboratoriesin
BellLaboratoriesresearchersRobertB.LaughlinandDanielC.
1972
TsuitheyconsequentlywonaNobelPrizein1998forthe
discovery.In1986,theC++programminglanguagewasdeveloped
byBjarneStroustrupasanextensiontotheoriginalCprogramminglanguagealsodevelopedatBell
Laboratories.
In1984,thefirstphotoconductiveantennasforpicosecondelectromagneticradiationweredemonstratedby
Austonandothers.Thistypeofantennabecameanimportantcomponentinterahertztimedomain
spectroscopy.In1984,theKarmarkarLinearProgrammingAlgorithmwasdevelopedbymathematician
NarendraKarmarkar.Alsoin1984,adivestitureagreementsignedin1982withtheAmericanFederal
governmentforcedthebreakupofAT&T:Bellcore(nowTelcordiaTechnologies)wassplitofffromBell
LaboratoriestoprovidethesameR&Dfunctionsforthenewlycreatedlocalexchangecarriers.AT&Talso
waslimitedtousingtheBelltrademarkonlyinassociationwithBellLaboratories.BellTelephone
Laboratories,Inc.becameawhollyownedcompanyofthenewAT&TTechnologiesunit,theformer
WesternElectric.The5ESSSwitchwasdevelopedduringthistransition.In1985,lasercoolingwasusedto
slowandmanipulateatomsbyStevenChuandteam.In1985,theAMPLmodelinglanguagewas
developedbyRobertFourer,DavidM.GayandBrianKernighanatBellLaboratories.Alsoin1985,Bell
LaboratorieswasawardedtheNationalMedalofTechnology"Forcontributionoverdecadestomodern
communicationsystems".Duringthe1980s,thePlan9operatingsystemwasdevelopedasareplacement
forUnixwhichwasalsodevelopedatBellLaboratoriesin1969.DevelopmentoftheRadiodrum,athree
dimensionalelectronicinstrument.In1988,TAT8becamethefirstfiberoptictransatlanticcable.

1990s
In1991,the56KmodemtechnologywaspatentedbyNuriDadevirenandhisteam.In1994,thequantum
cascadelaserwasinventedbyFedericoCapasso,AlfredCho,JeromeFaistandtheircollaboratorsandwas
latergreatlyimprovedbytheinnovationsofClaireGmachl.Alsoin1994,PeterShordevisedhisquantum
factorizationalgorithm.In1996,SCALPELelectronlithography,whichprintsfeaturesatomswideon
microchips,wasinventedbyLloydHarriottandhisteam.TheInfernooperatingsystem,anupdateofPlan

9,wascreatedbyDennisRitchiewithothers,usingthenewconcurrent
Limboprogramminglanguage.Ahighperformancedatabaseengine
(Dali)wasdevelopedwhichbecameDataBlitzinitsproductform.[11]
In1996,AT&TspunoffBellLaboratories,alongwithmostofits
equipmentmanufacturingbusiness,intoanewcompanynamedLucent
Technologies.AT&Tretainedasmallnumberofresearcherswhomade
upthestaffofthenewlycreatedAT&TLabs.

LucentLogobearingthe"Bell
LabsInnovations"tagline

In1997,thesmallestpracticaltransistor(60nanometers,182atomswide)wasbuilt.In1998,thefirst
opticalrouterwasinvented.

2000s
2000wasanactiveyearfortheLaboratories,inwhichDNAmachine
prototypesweredevelopedprogressivegeometrycompression
algorithmmadewidespread3Dcommunicationpracticalthefirst
electricallypoweredorganiclaserinventedalargescalemapof
cosmicdarkmatterwascompiled,andtheF15(material),anorganic
materialthatmakesplastictransistorspossible,wasinvented.

Pre2013logoofAlcatelLucent,
parentcompanyofBellLabs

In2002,physicistJanHendrikSchnwasfiredafterhisworkwasfoundtocontainfraudulentdata.Itwas
thefirstknowncaseoffraudatBellLabs.
In2003,theNewJerseyInstituteofTechnologyBiomedicalEngineeringLaboratorywascreatedatMurray
Hill,NewJersey.[12]
In2005,JeongH.Kim,formerPresidentofLucent'sOpticalNetworkGroup,returnedfromacademiato
becomethePresidentofBellLaboratories.
InApril2006,BellLaboratories'parentcompany,LucentTechnologies,signedamergeragreementwith
Alcatel.OnDecember1,2006,themergedcompany,AlcatelLucent,beganoperations.Thisdealraised
concernsintheUnitedStates,whereBellLaboratoriesworksondefensecontracts.Aseparatecompany,
LGSInnovations(http://www.lgsinnovations.com),withanAmericanboardwassetuptomanageBell
Laboratories'andLucent'ssensitiveU.S.Governmentcontracts.
InDecember2007,itwasannouncedthattheformerLucentBellLaboratoriesandtheformerAlcatel
ResearchandInnovationwouldbemergedintooneorganizationunderthenameofBellLaboratories.This
isthefirstperiodofgrowthfollowingmanyyearsduringwhichBellLaboratoriesprogressivelylost
manpowerduetolayoffsandspinoffsmakingthecompanyshutdownforashortperiodoftime.
AsofJuly2008,however,onlyfourscientistsremainedinphysicsresearch,accordingtoareportbythe
scientificjournalNature.[13]
OnAugust28,2008,AlcatelLucentannounceditwaspullingoutofbasicscience,materialphysics,and
semiconductorresearch,anditwillinsteadfocusonmoreimmediatelymarketableareas,including
networking,highspeedelectronics,wirelessnetworks,nanotechnologyandsoftware.[14]

In2009,WillardBoyleandGeorgeSmithwereawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsfortheinventionand
developmentofthechargecoupleddevice(CCD).[15]

2010s
InFebruary2013,formerHeadofResearchGeeRittenhousereturnedfromhispositionasChiefOperating
OfficerofAlcatelLucent'sSoftware,Services,andSolutionsbusinesstobecomethe12thPresidentofBell
Labs.[16]
OnNovember4,2013,AlcatelLucentannouncedtheappointmentofMarcusWeldonasPresidentofBell
Labs.HisstatedcharterwastoreturnBellLabstotheforefrontofinnovationinInformationand
communicationstechnologybyfocusingonsolvingthekeyindustrychallenges,aswasthecaseinthegreat
BellLabsinnovationerasinthepast.[17]
InJuly2014,BellLabsannouncedithadbroken"thebroadbandInternetspeedrecord"withanew
technologydubbedXGFASTthatpromises10gigabitspersecondconnectivityspeeds.[18]
In2014EricBetzigsharedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforhisworkinsuperresolvedfluorescence
microscopywhichhebegantopursuewhileatBellLabsintheSemiconductorPhysicsResearch
Department.[19]
OnApril15,2015,NokiaagreedtoacquireAlcatelLucent,theBellLabs'parentcompany,inashare
exchangeworth$16.6billion.[20][21]

Presidents
Period

Name

13 2013

MarcusWeldon

12 2013

GeeRittenhouse

Lifetime
1968

11 20052013 JeongH.Kim

1961

10 20012005 BillOShea

c.1957

9 19992001 ArunNetravali

1946

8 19951999 DanStanzione

1945

7 19911995 JohnS.Mayo

1930

6 19791991 IanMunroRoss

19272013

5 19731979 WilliamO.Baker 19152005


4 19591973 JamesB.Fisk

19101981

3 19511959 MervinKelly

18951971

2 19401951 OliverBuckley

18871959

1 19251940 FrankB.Jewett

18791949

Programs

OnMay20,2014,BellLabsannouncedtheBellLabsPrize,acompetitionforinnovatorstooffer
proposalsininformationandcommunicationstechnologies,withcashawardsofupto$100,000forthe
grandprize.[22]

BellLabsTechnologyShowcase
TheMurrayHillcampusfeaturesa3000squarefootexhibitshowcasingthetechnologicaldiscoveriesand
developmentsatBellLabs.Theexhibitislocatedjustoffthemainlobbyandisopentothepublic.[23]

Seealso
BellLabsEarlyStereoCollection(ARS.0118),StanfordArchiveofRecordedSound
(http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt567nf2pn/)
BellLabsHolmdelComplex
BellLabsTechnicalJournalPublishedscientificjournalofBellLaboratories(1996present)
BellSystemTechnicalJournalPublishedscientificjournalofBellLaboratories(19221983)
GeorgeStibitzBellLaboratoriesengineer"fatherofthemoderndigitalcomputer"
HistoryofmobilephonesBellLaboratoriesconceptionanddevelopmentofcellularphones
Highspeedphotography&WollensakFastaxhighspeed(rotatingprism)camerasdevelopedby
BellLabs
KnollsAtomicPowerLaboratory
SoundfilmWestrexsoundsystemforcinemafilmsdevelopedbyBellLabs
TWXMagazineAshortlivedtradeperiodicalpublishedbyBellLaboratories(19441952)
WalterA.ShewhartBellLaboratoriesengineer"fatherofstatisticalqualitycontrol"
"WorseisBetter"Asoftwaredesignphilosophyalsocalled"TheNewJerseyStyle"underwhich
UNIXandCweresupposedlydeveloped

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14. Ganapati,Priya(20080827)."BellLabsKillsFundamentalPhysicsResearch".Wired.Archivedfromthe
originalon28August2008.Retrieved20080828.
15. NobelPrizepressrelease(http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/press.html)
16. GeeRittenhousetotakeoverasPresidentofworldfamousresearchinstitutionBellLabs(http://www.alcatel
lucent.com/press/2013/002793)
17. MarcusWeldonappointedPresidentofAlcatelLucent'sBellLabs(http://www.alcatel
lucent.com/press/2013/002935)
18. AlcatelLucentsetsnewworldrecordbroadbandspeedof10Gbps(http://www.alcatel
lucent.com/press/2014/alcatellucentsetsnewworldrecordbroadbandspeed10gbpstransmissiondataover
traditional)
19. [1](http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/)
20. NokiaandAlcatelLucenttoCombinetoCreateanInnovationLeaderinNextGenerationTechnologyand
ServicesforanIPConnectedWorld(http://company.nokia.com/en/news/pressreleases/2015/04/15/nokiaand
alcatellucenttocombinetocreateaninnovationleaderinnextgenerationtechnologyandservicesforanip
connectedworld)
21. NokiaAgreesto$16.6BillionTakeoverofAlcatelLucent
(http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/16/business/dealbook/nokiaandalcatellucenttakeoverdealannounced.html)
22. BellLabsPrizeWebpage(http://www.belllabs.com/prize)
23. http://alchemystudio.com/portfolio/belllabstechnologyshowcase/

Furtherreading
Martin,Douglas.IanM.Ross,aPresidentatBellLabs,Diesat85
(http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/business/ianrosswholedbelllabsdiesat85.html?
ref=space),TheNewYorkTimes,March16,2013,p.A23
Tompkins,Dave.SharksWithFrickin'LaserBeamsAttachedtoTheirHeads:InsidetheEgghead
CircusatBellLabs
(http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/books/2012/03/jon_gertner_s_the_idea_factory_reviewed_by_dav
e_tompkins_.single.html)(bookreviewofTheIdeaFactory:BellLabsandtheGreatAgeof
AmericanInnovation),Slate,March31,2012
Gleick,James.TheInformation:AHistory,aTheory,aFlood.VintageBooks,2012,544pages.
ISBN9781400096237.

Externallinks
BellLabs(http://www.alcatellucent.com/wps/portal/BellLabs)
Timelineofdiscoveriesasof2006(http://www.alcatel
lucent.com/wps/portal/BellLabs/History/Timeline)
BellLabs'MurrayHillanechoicchamber(https://www.belllabs.com/anechoicchamber/)
BellLaboratoriesandtheDevelopmentofElectricalRecording
(http://www.stokowski.org/Development_of_Electrical_Recording.htm)
InterviewwithJonGertner,authorof"(http://www.cspan.org/video/?3054451/bookdiscussion
ideafactory)TheIdeaFactory:BellLabsandtheGreatAgeofAmericanInnovation.Videointerview
byDaveIverson,KQEDPublicRadio,SanFrancisco.
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Categories: AT&T BellLabs BellSystem AlcatelLucent NationalMedalofTechnologyrecipients


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