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Other groups may attach to Co to form:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Absorption:
Once
B12
R
proteins
Stomach
Pyloric
sphincter
Small
intestine
B12 R
IF
R
B12
B12 + R
Vitamin B12
absorption.
IF
B12 R
complex
IF
IF
B12 IF
B12 IF
Ileal
receptor
B12
B12
IF
Transport:
Storage:
Sources:
Only
About
Functions:
In nerve tissue
Deficiency could cause impaired CHO metabolism and glucose
utilization (methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA)
It is necessary for myelin formation (needs methionine)
SEE TEXT, for folic acid, B12 and B6 interaction and
homocysteine accumulation
p. 312a
p. 312b
B12 deficiency
Occurs in stages:
Low serum concentrations, as indicated by low TCII
Low RBC concentrations
Leading to:
Methyl THF
homocysteine
methionine
methionine synthetase
THF (active)
coenzyme-B12
diet -- rarely
About
GI
disorders:
Lack
infections (tapeworms)
Less
Holo
homocysteine
VITAMIN B6 -- ________________________
Structure
Therefore,
Vitamin B6 structures
p. 317
PLP functions:
In
Particularly
Also:
Synthesis of heme
Synthesis of niacin from tryptophan
Synthesis of histamine from histidine
Synthesis of carnitine, taurine, dopamine
Cleavage of homocysteine
Glycogen catabolism to form glucose 1-phosphate
Action on steroid hormone receptors
Prevents or interferes with hormone binding and by that mediates
hormone uptake
Sources:
DRI:
See table (about 2 and 1.6 mg/day for men and women)
Pyridoxine deficiency:
At risk groups
Infants born with low levels of B6
Elderly
Alcoholics (can t convert to PLP)
People on high protein intake
Renal patients (from dialysis losses)
Many drugs interfere with B6 metabolism
B6
3-L-hydroxyanthranilic acid