3.

1 Microcontrollers
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA567CE235D39FA84
<blank>
3.2 Voltage regulator
How to build an AC-DC power supply: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=cyhzpFqXwdA

Diode allows current to go forward direction only

Bridge Rectifier
Rewatch and take notes

Linear voltage regulator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSzVs7 aW-Y

Voltage regulator: device that takes an unregulated input voltage that could
be fluctuating over time and spits out a perfectly regulated constant voltage

Capacitors on voltage regulators guaranteed stability of the regulator

Linear voltage regulators: not very efficient and have drop out voltage but
easy to use
Cant be used for high power projects because too much power wasted
causing heat
Power wasted in linear regulator is (Vin Vout) x Iout (making it so that the
higher the input voltage the less power wasted causing more efficiency) Thus
linear voltage regulators requires input voltage close to Vout (regulator
voltage)
Typically need a volt or two above voltage of regulator for it to work
Drop out voltage: exact amount of voltage needed to prevent regulator
voltage from dropping
Always given in datasheet

Adjustable linear voltage regulator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjJWWGPjcw

LM317 Adjustable Voltage Regulator to create any regulated voltage up to 37

volts
Needs heatsink

Again capacitors guarantee voltage will be stable regardless of situation and

use capacitors rated higher than the voltage being worked with
Set output voltage using resistors labeled R1 and R2 where Vout = 1.25 * (1
+ R2/R1) + 50mu *R2
LM317 regulator has the same power equation as 7805

Switch-mode voltage regulator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEhBN5 fO5o

Can work with voltages between 8 to 30 V and can step output down to 5
volts
Can supply 3 amps continuously and can handle peak currents for up to 5 A
for several minutes
Buck converter: type of supply that can step higher voltages down to lower
voltages
LC low pass filter: inductor resists sudden changes in current, capacitor
resists sudden changes in voltage and the combined effect causes LC low
pass filter to average out the square wave and we get 5 volts of relatively
steady DC on the output
To prevent inductive spiking, we connect schottky diode between switch and
inductor
Much more efficient than linear
Power losses everywhere, and voltage is not always the same due to non
ideality
Requires more components and LC filter is not perfect
Not used for sensitive circuits like radio seekers
Much more efficient than linear and used if current is more than 1A

3.3 DAC and ADC