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I.
INTRODUCTION
r( i ) (t ) = w(i ) (n)rn (t )
n =1
i = 0,...4
where
(u , v) =
g H (u , v) R 1r
g H (u , v) R 1 g (u , v)
s =
g H (u, v) R 1r
g H (u , v) R 1 g (u , v)
r( i ) (t ) = w( i ) (n)rn (t )
n =1
N
i = 1,2,3,4
The weighting coefficients of the squinted beams can be
constructed from those of the center beam by steering:
w(i ) = w . * e(u (i ) , v ( i ) )
where
e(u (i ) , v (i ) ) = exp( j
(u (i ) x + v (i ) y )
u = u ( i ) + u (i )
i = 1,2,3,4
v = v (i ) + v (i )
w(iA) = w A . * e(u (i ) , v (i ) )
w(iE) = w E . * e(u ( i ) , v ( i ) )
i = 1,2,3,4
Using these weights, the antenna patterns are given by:
g ( i ) (u , v) = g (u u (i ) , v v (i ) )
g ( iA) (u , v) = g A (u u (i ) , v v ( i ) )
g ( iE) (u , v) = g E (u u ( i ) , v v ( i ) )
i = 1,2,3,4
Step 2: Detection processing is accomplished by selecting the
maximum of the magnitudes of all the sum beams and
compared to a threshold, i.e.
max
r( i ) (t ) threshold i *
(i )
A
(i )
E
= real{
r( iA) (t )
= real{
r( iE) (t )
(i )
r (t )
r( i ) (t )
} u (i ) = u u (i )
} v
(i )
= v v
(i )
SIMULATION RESULTS
IV.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
{ ( i ) }i4=1
Target Detection
max( ( i ) ) T
i-th Beam
DBF
{(Ai ) }i4=1
{(Ei ) }i4=1
Angle
Estimation
( i )
u ( i ) = f 1 (Re{ (Ai ) })
( i )
v ( i ) = f 1 (Re{ (Ei ) })
(u ( i ) , v ( i ) )
SUMMARY
Target
Detection
{ ( i ) }i4=0
max( (i ) ) T
No
i=0
MLE
using
5
Beam
Yes
D
B
F
(A0 )
(E0 )
Center
Beam
Monopulse
Processing
Scheme
Beam-Shape Loss
averaged over 3 dB
beamwidth
Beam-Shape Loss
averaged over 6 dB
beamwidth
1.1 dB
2.6 dB
0 dB
0 dB
1.1 dB
2.6 dB
0.4 dB
0.4 dB
0.7 dB
0.7 dB
0.4 dB
0.4 dB
Monopulse
Processing
(Scheme 1)
MLBP
(Scheme 2)
MLBP with center
beam for detection
(Scheme 2A)
MLBP with all beams
for detection
(Scheme 2B)
Multiple sets of
monopulse beams
(Scheme 3)
Combined Monopulse
& MLE
(Scheme 4)
Scheme
Total angle
Total angle
RMSE
RMSE
Monopulse
3 dB
6 dB
beamwidth
beamwidth
2.87 msine
4.03 msine
3.15 msine
3.46 msine
2.60 msine
2.62 msine
2.96 msine
3.37 msine
Processing
(Scheme 1)
MLBP
(Scheme 2)
Multiple sets of
monopulse beams
(Scheme 3)
Combined
Monopulse & MLE
(Scheme 4)