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The Need to Make It New: English Literature and Thought in the First Half of the
20th Century (NMN hereafter).
This subject is divided into five Course Units, which make up five ECTS credits.
Each credit corresponds to 25 hours of work on the part of the student, involving
study and practice time. Thus the total number of hours the student will have to
devote to this subject is 125. This is one of the subjects in the Degree that are
specifically oriented towards the critical approach to literary texts in English,
which implies that a great part of the hours will have to be invested in reading
literary works and exercising text analysis.
STUDY BLOCK
UNIT ONE: The Discourse Between or the Need to Make It New:
Literature in an Ever-changing World.
UNIT TWO: The White
Imperialism in Literature
Mans
Burden:
Different
Approaches
to
UNIT THREE: Disillusion as Never Told in the Old Days: Literature and
War
UNIT FOUR: Life is a Luminous Halo: The Novel in the Twentieth
Century
UNIT FIVE: Tales of the City, Landscapes of the Mind: Modernist
Geographies and the Beyond
WORK
SECTIONS
FOR EACH
UNIT
APROX. TIME
FOR EACH UNIT
SECTION
Presentation
1 hour
Approaching
the text
2 hours
Reading the
text
Revisiting the
text
Exercises
2.5 hours
1.5 hours
2 hours
2 hours
TOTAL: 25
HOURS
Foster, E.M., [1924] 1989 A Passage to India. London & New York: Penguin
Books.
Lawrence, D. H. [1913] (2000). Sons and Lovers. London & New York:
Penguin Twentieth Century Classics.
Woolf, Virginia Mrs Dalloway [1925] (1992) London & New York: Penguin
Modern Classics.
NMN, yet, as long as the text is complete and not an abridged version, you are
free to choose your own editions.
Below you can find the main contents, learning outcomes, and time schedule for
each Unit included in the course 2012-2013.
UNIT 1
THE DISCOURSE BETWEEN OR THE NEED TO MAKE IT NEW:
LITERATURE IN AN EVER-CHANGING WORLD
(NMN: Unit 1, The Discourse Between or the Need to Make It New: Literature in
an Ever-changing World)
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
I Introduction
II The Crisis of Victorian Positivism
III The Interpretation of an Ever-changing World
IV What Does Woman Want: The Rise of the New Woman
V The Dystopian Earnestness to Break Free.
Learning outcomes
Aims and Objectives:
This Unit sets out to establish the historical and
theoretical background behind the need felt by many
writers and artists during the first half of the twentieth
century to find a new mode of expression.
The many changes that took full form in this period had
been emerging during the latter half of the nineteenth
century, when a general disillusionment with the self
assertive optimism of Victorian positivism provoked a
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIN A DISTANCIA
Study Guidelines:
Perhaps the most immediate issue that will be encountered when studying
this chapter is that the student will confront fields of knowledge such as
political and philosophical thought, psychology and psychoanalysis,
anthropology, and scientific or medical discoveries that may seem
UNIT 2
Learning outcomes
Aims and Objectives:
This Unit sets out to explore the relationship between empire and literature,
elaborating on the question of Empire put forward in Unit 1.
The aim of this Unit is to discern the way in which narratives written in
England have shaped, supported or undermined the concept of British
imperialism. To do so two different accounts of British imperial experience
will be explored.
Written in different moments in time and focusing on different locations,
Africa and India, both narratives show concerns surrounding notions of
home, nation, race, identity, and belonging. In doing so, other objectives
brought up by topics related to fiction, such as language and form, will
come to the fore, as will nationality, subjectivity, history, sexuality, gender,
and social class.
In dealing with Empire and colonial issues it is always important to
acknowledge the engrossing contribution made by the so-called Colonial
and Post-Colonial Studies, particularly, but not necessarily exclusively, by
thinkers such as Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak and Stuart Hall, who have
intensively criticised European and American imperialism.
There are many others, such as Frantz Fanon or Kuan-Hsing Chen, who,
instead of looking at outside powers of colonialism, have focused on
individuals and on language to detect the particular and complex questions
raised by colonialism and post-colonialism as well as culture.
Whereas the contribution of these authors and many others is
acknowledged and generally supports the main line of the argument
presented here, it is impossible in a course such as this to deal in depth
with the difficult and complex sets of ideas each presents. Therefore those
interested in specific subjects should use the bibliography to find further
information.
Study Guidelines:
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Read carefully the texts proposed for study before approaching the critical
sections dealing with them. These texts are:
Joseph Conrad, 2000 [1902], Heart of Darkness, in The Norton Anthology
of English Literature. Volume II (includes an introduction to the text).
E.M. Forster, 1989 [1924], A Passage to India, London and New York:
Penguin Books (this is the edition that has been used for this Unit. It
contains a good introduction by the editor, Oliver Stallybrass. It also
contains Appendix I Forsters Prefatory Note (1957) to the Everyman
Edition, Appendix II Peter Burras Introduction to the Everyman Edition
and Appendix III Forster Programme Note to Santha Rama Raus
Dramatized Version. Here students will also find some authors Notes that
appear in the Everyman edition as well as a Glossary.
Bear in mind that language is not straightforward and that there is always a
meaning other than the immediate one suggested. It is important to read
with a critical and open mind, allowing for the experience of the other to
take place in oneself.
Be prepared to make an effort as neither of the texts proposed for study in
this Unit is easy. They are as dense and as complex as poetry. For this
reason the student should not just study the plot (which is not the
essential issue at work in these novels) but should also be aware of
elements such as silences, gaps and the unsaid that contribute as much to
the text as what is actually said.
These texts participate in the different discourses that have been studied in
relation to the period, particularly seen in Unit 1 but also examined in Units
2 and 3. They are also active participants in an intertextual space produced
by the many literary texts dealing, directly or indirectly, with the British
Empire. It is, therefore, useful always to have in mind the students literary
background and knowledge. So, while new literary devices and ways of
expression will be introduced, it is important that the student should be
prepared to participate in the debate by adding his/her own knowledge and
wisdom when relating this knowledge to the issues in question.
As has been pointed out above, one of the main difficulties encountered in
fully understanding this Unit is the specific use of both language and words
in the texts to be studied. It is important for this reason always to have a
good dictionary to hand by to be prepared to look up words whenever it is
felt necessary. When doing this the student should always remember that
the most immediate meaning provided will not always be the most accurate
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UNIT 3
DISILLUSION AS NEVER TOLD IN THE OLD DAYS: LITERATURE AND
WAR
(NMN: Unit 3, Disillusion as Never Told in the Old Days: Literature and War)
3. I Introduction
3. II The Georgian Poets: The Changing Effect of Experiencing War
3. III Women Writing the War
The main aim of this Unit is to study the relationship between war and
literature.
Given the period of literature covered in the course the Unit will
concentrate (albeit not exclusively) on the First World War.
This was the major event that changed European civilization as it had been
known up to this conflict.
The Unit will also deal mainly with poetry, although some prose relating to
war will also be considered.
The general objective of the Unit is to chart the strategies through which
poets and writers in general developed original techniques and learnt from
their predecessors to convey their experiences of war. In doing so we shall
explore the ethical considerations underlying war poetry as it attempts to
transform atrocity into art.
Therefore, this Unit will consider both aesthetic and ethical questions such
us: for whom does the poet speak, and for what purpose? How might the
poet write about violence without exploiting or cheapening it? Does the
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The writers studied in this Unit are by no means the only ones who could be
studied in relation to war and literature. Choosing these writers in
preference to other authors means not that they are better writers but
that they provide an adequate amount of insight into the subject as to give
an accurate idea of the main aim and objectives described here.
Study Guidelines
To read carefully the poems and texts proposed for study before
approaching in depth the critical section dealing with each of them.
Apart from the quotations of poems and texts included in this Unit,
there are some that have not been fully quoted because they are
published in the Norton Anthology of English Literature such as The
Soldier or Dulce et Decorum Est. These poems and the texts and
fragments quoted here are compulsory reading for this Unit.
To bear in mind that poetic language is condensed and that its
meaning reaches far beyond the straightforward and immediate one.
In this sense, it is imperative to note the importance of the use of
the poetic technique and poetic devices, and even the absence of
these, for they are always used consciously and are part of the
process of signification.
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UNIT 4
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIN A DISTANCIA
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Learning outcomes
Aims and Objectives
This Unit deals with the work of one of the greatest English writers of the
twentieth century, D.H. Lawrence.
By the end of the Unit students should be familiar with the life and works of
this writer as well as proficient in the major themes of his oeuvre.
Special attention is devoted to his novel Sons and Lovers and, through
reading and studying it, students should become aware of different issues
that are common to many other writings and writers of the period.
These issues are, for example, the writing of Bildungsroman, writing and
war, changing concepts in the relationships between the sexes, the
narration of sexuality, literature and censorship, literary experimentation
and techniques, and the relationship between psychoanalysis and literature.
Study Guidelines
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Read and study sections 4.I and 4.II of NMN taking notes and writing your
own summaries of what you read. Then read or re-read the novel before
you go to section 4.III devoted to the reading of Sons and Lovers.
It is important when you read the novel to write a short paragraph
summarising the plot and your own first impressions of the novel.
Take notes of the way in which characters develop, the backgoround of the
setting, and of the many symbols that appear.
Then you can read section 4.III.
After reading and studying this section, you can move then to complete
your notes by contrasting your own plot summaries, character
development and use of symbolism with what you have learned so far.
Finally, go to the activities provided and try to answer the questions.
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UNIT 5:
TALES OF THE CITY: VIRGINIA WOOLFS MODERNIST GEOGRAPHIES OF THE MIND
(NMN: Unit 5, Tales Of The City: Virginia Woolfs Modernist Geographies Of The
Mind)
5.I Introduction to Virginia Woolf
5.II The Bloomsbury Group Aesthetics
5.III A Room of Ones Own and Other Essays
5.IV Mrs Dalloway and the Womans Sentence
This Unit sets out to explore the impact of Modernism in the literature of
the period, with particular reference to the writer Virginia Woolf as a
modernist woman writer.
For this purpose we shall concentrate mainly on two of her works, her
essay, A Room of Ones Own, and her novel, Mrs Dalloway, although
references to other novels and essays as well as to the socio-historical
world that surrounded the writer are included.
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The main goal of this unit is to explore the train of thought behind Woolfs
search and her literary achievements. In doing so we will project into the
future and explore the reasons behind the impact her writing had on the
feminist movement from the nineteen-sixties and early seventies onwards.
Study Guidelines
To be aware that Woolfs work is not the product of an isolated mind
but that it is described within the socio-historical context of the
writer and influenced by her personal history. Woolf was living in a
society that witnessed multiple and profound changes, social and
political convulsions, and literary debates, in which she was an active
participant.
To remember that Woolfs wide range of reading and knowledge is
always present in her use of language and in her modernist
aesthetics. Her continuous references to contemporary and historical
writers and thinkers requires that the student should always bear in
mind a knowledge of English literature from previous courses as well
as that so far acquired in this course.
To be prepared to undertake the intellectual effort that presupposes
Woolfs complex use of language and narrative technique and her
experimental approach to fiction. It is a good idea to be prepared to
widen your vocabulary by looking up difficult words in a dictionary
whenever necessary.
To be gender-conscious in order to understand that Woolfs
commitment to the womens struggle, what today is called Woolfs
feminism, is intrinsically linked to her artistic output.
To discern the importance of the visual effect of language in Woolfs
work. The use of images and poetic language in her writing is
intended to create an emotion similar to the one we may gain while
contemplating a painting on a wall.
The main challenge in this Unit is, paradoxically, the amount of
information available. This implies that any approach to Virginia Woolf
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4. GLOSARIO/ GLOSSARY
We do not include a glossary as such in this Guide. The terms that the student
needs to work with are already listed and defined in the Course Units, designed as
part of the course work. The student is expected to work on the elaboration of
his/her own glossary of terms, with specific examples from the literary texts.
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