Physics

Data Booklet

Standard Grade and

Access 3 to
Advanced Higher

Physics Data Booklet

Standard Grade and Access 3
to Advanced Higher

For use in National Qualification Courses

leading to the 2008 examinations and beyond

Published date: February 2008

Publication code: BB2099
ISBN: 978 1 85969 697 2

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Contents
Introduction 1
Relationships for Access 3 and/or Intermediate 1 2
Relationships for Standard Grade and/or Intermediate 23
Relationships for Higher 4
Relationships for Advanced Higher 6
Additional relationships 8
Electron arrangements of elements 9

Introduction
This data booklet is intended for use by candidates in examinations in Physics at Standard Grade,
Intermediate 1, Intermediate 2, Higher and Advanced Higher Levels from the 2008 examination
diet. It is recommended that candidates become familiar with the contents of the data booklet
through use in undertaking Units of these Courses, including Physics Units at Access 3.
The range of data contained in the booklet has been limited to that syllabus content which may be
assessed through written examination papers. This data should be supplemented by other resource
material as necessary during the course, eg by using data sheets. However, should any additional
information (or data not included in this booklet) be required in an examination, such information
will be included in the examination paper.
Additional relationships, which candidates may find useful, are contained on page 8.
A periodic table of elements is included on page 9.
From the variety of data offered in this booklet, candidates will be expected to demonstrate the
ability to select an appropriate:
o formula
o relationship
o element or data pertaining to an element

Relationships for Access 3 and/or Intermediate 1

resistance =
current =
speed =

voltage
current

power
voltage

distance
time

voltage gain =

output voltage
input voltage

weight = 10 mass
average speed =

distance
time

Relationships for Standard Grade and/or Intermediate 2

RT = R1 + R2 + ...

d = vt
s = vt

a=

v
t

a=

1
1
1
=
+
+ ...
RT
R1 R2
R2
Vs
R1 + R2

V2 =

vu
t

W = mg

V1 R1
=
V2 R2

p = mv

P = I 2R

P = IV

F = ma

E w = Fd

P=

E p = mgh

E k = mv
1
2

P=

percentage efficiency =
percentage efficiency =

E h = cm T

V gain =

useful Eo
!100
Ei

Pgain =

useful Po
!100
Pi

v = f

P=

E h = ml

Ip
ns V s
=
=
np V p
Is

E
t

V2
R

A=

Q = It

D=

V = IR

Vo
Vi

Po
Pi

1
f

N
t

E
m

H = Dw R

Relationships for Higher

R1 R 3
=
R2 R4

v
t

a=

v = u + at

V = IR

s = ut+ 12 at 2

P = IV = I 2 R =

v 2 = u 2 + 2as

s=

1
2

V peak = M2V rms

(u +v)t

I peak = M2I rms

F = ma

E w = Fd

C=

E p = mgh

Q
V

E = 12 QV = 12 CV 2 =

E k = 12 mv 2

Rf
Vo
=
V1
R1

E
P=
t

p = mv

V o = (V 2 V 1 )

m
t=
V

T=

Ft = mv mu

P=

1
2

Q2
C

Rf

R1

1
f

v = f

F
A

path difference = n

P = tgh

path difference = (n + 12 )

PV
= constant
T

d sin = n

n=

W = QV

E = V + Ir

V2
R

sin 1
sin 2

sin 1 1 v1
=
=
sin 2 2 v2

E = IR

RT = R1 + R2 + ...

sinc =

1
1
1
=
+
+ ...
RT
R1 R2

I=

k
d2

1
n

Relationships for Higher

E = hf

I = Nhf
I=

P
A

Ek = hf hf 0

W 2 W1 = hf
E = mc2

A=

D=

N
t

E
m

H = DwR
H=

H
t

random uncertainty =

max. value min. value

number of values

Relationships for Advanced Higher

a=

L = I

dv d 2 s
=
dt dt 2

Erot = 12 I 2

v = u + at

F=

s = ut + 12 at 2

v 2 = u 2 + 2as

V =

mo

m=

1
E = mc 2

v2
c2

v=

Gm1m2
r2
Gm
r

2Gm
r

= 2f

d2y
= 2 y
2
dt

d
=
dt

y = A cost or y = A sint

d d 2
=
= 2
dt
dt

v = +

= o + t

]A

y 2g

Ek = 12 m 2^A 2 y 2h

= o t + 12 t 2

E p = 12 m 2 y 2

2 = o 2 + 2

s = r

v = r

h
p

mvr =

at = r

v2
ar = = r 2
r

F=

T = Fr

V=

E=

mv 2
F=
= mr 2
r

T = I

nh
2

Q1Q2
4for 2

Q
4for 2
Q
4for

F = QE

L = mvr = mr 2
6

F = qvB

f = L

dI
dt

E = 12 LI 2

d=

n = tani p
X
=
X
X=

v
v + vs

m=

v + vo
v

c=

f = fs

D
d

x=

x
y = A sin 2 ft

f = fs

4n

2x

Y
Y

Y 2 + Z2

F no I1 I 2
=
2r
l

l
2d

x=

no I
2r

B=

optical path difference = ( m + 12 )

m1 m2
2 (n 2)

c1 c2
2 (n 2)

Z
Z

F = IlBsin

optical path difference = m

V = Ed

Relationships for Advanced Higher

Additional Relationships
Circle

Table of standard derivatives

area = r 2

sin ax

f (x)

circumference = 2r

cos ax

Sphere

volume = 34 r 3

tan =

a sin ax

f (x)

8 f (x)dx

cos ax

1
sin ax + C
a

sin ax

Trigonometry

cos =

a cosax

Table of standard integrals

area = 4r 2

sin =

f '(x)

opposite
hypotenuse

adjacent
hypotenuse

opposite
adjacent

sin 2 + cos 2 =1
Moment of inertia
point mass
I = mr 2
rod about centre
I = 121 ml 2
rod about end
I = 13 ml 2
disc about centre
I = 12 mr 2
sphere about centre
I = 25 mr 2
8

1
cos ax + C
a

Electron Arrangements of Elements

Group Group Group Group Group Group

Group Group

(1)

Key

H
1

Hydrogen
3

Li
2, 1

Lithium
11

Na

2, 8, 1

Be
2, 2
12

2, 8, 2

2, 8, 8, 1

2, 8, 8, 2

19

20

Ca

Potassium

Calcium

2, 8, 18, 8, 1

2, 8, 18, 8, 2

55

Ba

37

Rb

38

Sr

(3)
21

Sc

2, 8, 9, 2
Scandium
39

(4)
22

Ti

2, 8, 10, 2
Titanium
40

Zr

(5)
23

2, 8, 11, 2
Vanadium
41

Nb

(6)
24

Cr

2, 8, 13, 1
Chromium
42

Mo

(7)
25

Mn

2, 8, 13, 2
Manganese
43

Tc

(8)
26

Fe

2, 8, 14, 2
Iron
44

Ru

(9)
27

Co

2, 8, 15, 2
Cobalt
45

Rh

(10)
28

Ni

2, 8, 16, 2
Nickel
46

Pd

(11)
29

Cu

2, 8, 18, 1
Copper
47

Ag

(12)
30

Zn

2, 8, 18, 2
Zinc
48

Cd

2, 8, 18, 18,
8, 1
Caesium

2, 8, 18, 18,
8, 2
Barium

2, 8, 18, 18,
9, 2
Lanthanum

2, 8, 18, 32,
11, 2
Tantalum

2, 8, 18, 32,
12, 2
Tungsten

2, 8, 18, 32,
13, 2
Rhenium

2, 8, 18, 32,
14, 2
Osmium

2, 8, 18, 32,
15, 2
Iridium

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 8, 1
Francium

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 8, 2
Radium

2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32,

32, 10, 2
18, 9, 2
32, 11, 2
Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium

2, 8, 18, 32,
32, 12, 2
Seaborgium

2, 8, 18, 32,
32, 13, 2
Bohrium

2, 8, 18, 32,
32, 14, 2
Hassium

2, 8, 18, 32,
32, 15, 2
Meitnerium

57

Ce

58

Pr

59

Nd

60

Pm

61

Sm

90

Pa

91

92

Np

93

Pu

87

Fr

56

88

Ra

57

La
89

Ac

Lanthanides

72

Hf

2, 8, 18, 32,
10, 2
Hafnium
104

Rf

La

105

Db

74

W
106

Sg

75

Re
107

Bh

76

Os
108

Hs

77

Ir

109

Mt
62

78

Pt

79

Au

80

Hg

2, 8, 18, 32,
17, 1
Platinum

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 1
Gold

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 2
Mercury

63

Gd

64

Tb

Eu

65

2, 3
Boron

2, 4
Carbon

2, 5
Nitrogen

2, 6
Oxygen

2, 7
Fluorine

2, 8
Neon

2, 8, 3
Aluminium

2, 8, 4
Silicon

2, 8, 5
Phosphorus

2, 8, 6
Sulphur

2, 8, 7
Chlorine

2, 8, 8
Argon

2, 8, 18, 3
Gallium

2, 8, 18, 4
Germanium

2, 8, 18, 5
Arsenic

2, 8, 18, 6
Selenium

2, 8, 18, 7
Bromine

2, 8, 18, 8
Krypton

14

Al

Si

31

Ga
49

In

Ge
50

Sn

81

Tl

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 3
Thallium

66

Dy

82

Pb

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 4
Lead

67

Ho

2, 8, 18, 27,
8, 2
Terbium

2, 8, 18, 28,
8, 2
Dysprosium

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 9, 2
Actinium

2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32,

20, 9, 2
21, 9, 2
18,10, 2
Thorium Protactinium Uranium

2, 8, 18, 32,
25, 8, 2
Americium

2, 8, 18, 32,
25, 9, 2
Curium

2, 8, 18, 32,
27, 8, 2
Berkelium

2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32,

29, 8, 2
28, 8, 2
Californium Einsteinium

2, 8, 18, 32,
22, 9, 2
Neptunium

2, 8, 18, 32,
24, 8, 2
Plutonium

95

Am

96

Cm

97

Bk

16

15

As
51

Sb

10

O
S

34

Se
52

Te

Ne

18

17

Ar

Cl
35

Br
53

36

Kr
54

Xe

2, 8, 18, 18, 3 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 2, 8, 18, 18, 8
Xenon
Tin
Tellurium
Antimony
Indium
Iodine

2, 8, 18, 25,
9, 2
Gadolinium

94

33

32

2, 8, 18, 25,
8, 2
Europium

Th

2, 8, 18, 20, 2, 8, 18, 21, 2, 8, 18, 22, 2, 8, 18, 23, 2, 8, 18, 24,
8, 2
8, 2
8, 2
8, 2
8, 2
Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium
Cerium

Ac

Helium

(17)

2, 8, 18, 18,
9, 2
Lanthanum
89

Actinides

73

Ta

He

(16)

13

Strontium

Cs

(18)

(15)

2, 8, 18, 9, 2 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 2, 8, 18, 18, 0 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 2, 8, 18, 18, 2
Palladium
Cadmium
Yttrium
Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium
Rhodium
Silver
Zirconium

Rubidium

(14)

Transition Elements

Magnesium

(13)

Beryllium

Mg

Atomic number
Symbol
Electron arrangement
Name

(2)

Sodium

98

Cf

2, 8, 18, 29,
8, 2
Holmium
99

Es

83

Bi

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 5
Bismuth

68

Er

2, 8, 18, 30,
8, 2
Erbium
100

Fm

84

Po

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 6
Polonium

69

Tm

2, 8, 18, 31,
8, 2
Thulium
101

Md

85

At

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 7
Astatine

70

Yb

2, 8, 18, 32,
8, 2
Ytterbium
102

No

86

Rn

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 8
Radon

71

Lu

2, 8, 18, 32,
9, 2
Lutetium
103

Lr

2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32,

31, 8, 2
32, 9, 2
30, 8, 2
32, 8, 2
Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium

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BB2099

February 2008

ISBN: 978 1 85969 697 2