Existing Drying and powdering machines

Pellet powdering machine is used for drying the finished fodder pellet; So as to
make the fodder can keep for a longer period of time.

Turmeric Powder Making Machines, Chili Powder Making Machines

1. Types of pulverizer
a. Hammer mill

Figure 26. Hammer mil

A hammer mill is one of the crushers that can grind, powderize, and
crush a different types of materials. This crusher employs a rain of
hammer blows in order to shatter and disintegrate the material.
Hammer mills produce a finish product size which is dependent upon
openings in perforated screens or grate bars, size, number and type of
hammers, grinding plate setting as well as rotor speed.

b. Roller mill
A roller mill is a typical mill which consists of a pair of rolls driven by
an electric motor transmitting a torque through a gear and pair of
cardans. The rolls are equipped with bearings mounted in a stand with
a screw-down mechanism.

Figure 25. Roller mill

c. Disk mill
This kind of mill is ideal for the even grinding of cereals and feeding
stuffs such as maize, sorghum, sun-dried sweet potato chips, oil cakes
and Soya beans, and will rapidly reduce and take them all to a finer
degree in one operation, with no residue left in the machine.

Figure 27. Disk mill

2. Types of dryer
a. Tunnel dryer

Tunnel dryer is device used in drying of the pharmaceutical

materials like wet powders, wet materials etc. in to the free flowing
material. It is a modified tray dryer in which the oven is replaced by a
tunnel receiving damp material at one end and discharging the dried
products at the another end. It may be operated batch wise or
continuously. Its tunnel consists of steam or electric heating air, cycling
dry air or heated air and proper temperature and drying tunnel.

This dryer may be regarded as development of the tray dryer, in

which the trays on trolleys move through a tunnel where the heat is
being applied and the vapors are removed. Usually, air is used in
tunnel drying and the material can move through the dryer either
parallel or counter current to the air flow.

Figure 15. Tunnel dryer

b. Tray dryer

A dryer enclosed insulated chamber in which trays are placed on

top of each other in trolleys. Tray Dryer is used where heating and
drying are essential parts of manufacturing process in industries such
as Chemicals, Dye stuff, Pharmaceutical, Food Products, Colours etc.
The materials to be dried either wet or solids are placed in the trays.
Heat is being transferred by circulation of hot air by electric heaters or
steam in radiator coils. Blower fans are installed inside to ensure
proper circulation and transfer of heat. A control panel which is fixed
outside the dryer is used to control the temperature and other
parameters.

Figure 14. Tray Dryer

c. Roller or Drum dryer
This dryer is rotating continuous drying equipment with internal
heating conducting-style. Certain thickness of materials film attach to
the drum from material liquid vessel under the drum. Heat is being
transferred to the internal wall of the cylinder through pipes and then to
the external wall and to materials film, to evaporate the moisture in

materials film so as to dry materials. Dried products scraped off by the

blade fitted on the surface of the cylinder, fall down to the spiral
conveyor under the blade, and are conveyed, collected and packed.
This dryer has many useful purpose in the society including drying
liquid

raw

materials

or

thick

liquid

in

chemical,

dyestuff,

pharmaceutical, foodstuff, metallurgy, etc.

Figure 16. Roller or Drum dryer

d. Fluidized bed dryer
In this kind of dryer, the food material is maintained suspended
against gravity in an upward-flowing air stream. There may also be a
horizontal air flow helping to convey the food through the dryer. Heat is
transferred from the air to the food material, mostly by convection.

Research Literature

A study conducted by Clarin, et. Al., entitled Design and Development of Garlic
Powdering Machine (2011),

was composed of the body frame, the disk plate

pulverizer, motor feed hopper, belts, pulley and switch. The garlic was pulverized at the
disk plate pulverizer at a certain period of time. The result of the production rate was
5.908545 and the efficiency of the machine was 96.2833%.
Another study conducted by Acob et. Al., entitled, Design and Development of
Corn Dryer (2009), the machine was composed of drying chamber, drum assembly, the
fan and the heater section, the temperature controller and motor and pulley assembly.
The corns were dried at the stainless cylindrical drum inside the drying chamber. The
high temperature of air was supplied inside the chamber from the heating coil, by a
circulating fan and exhaust gas passed through the gap above the fan and heater
section of the dryer. The digital temperature controller was used to regulate the
operation of the heating coil and the circulating fan.
Another related study was the Flue-Cured ground tobacco dryer developed by
De Castro, D. et al., 2006. The dryer consist of a tray drying chamber, the heating coil,
the fan and the temperature controller. Air is drawn to the intake section by the fan and
is heated as it passes through the heating coil before entering each compartment of the
drying chamber. The heated air passes through the trays and exits on the other side of
the drying chamber to the exhaust section of the dryer.

Another related study was the Chili Pepper Drying and Pulverizing apparatus by
Javier, et. al., 2011. The machine was composed of a smokeless type of dryer, the trays
were made up of a stainless steel it consists of two trays which hold the chili during the

stage of drying. After the stage of drying, the trays were manually twisted on its handle
outside the dryer. The chili slide on steel plate is delivered on the pulverizier.The result
after several trials of the machine was recorded. That the machine produce 146.3
grams of dried and pulverized chili in 240.8431 minutes of processing or a production
rate of 0.6074 grams per minute. The product was examined in the Lipa Quality Control
Center and was resulted on having 7.62% moisture content with no other particles.

Another study conducted by Cordero, M, et. Al., entitled Design and

Development of Rambutan Seeds Grinding Machine 2013, it was composed of the
body frame, the disk plate pulverizer, motor feed hopper, belts, pulley and switch. The
seeds was pulverized at the disk plate pulverizer at a period of time. The result of the
production rate was 0.086.

Another study was the Fish Meal Making Machine by the Food and
Agriculture Organizations (N.D.). The machine was composed of a drying section,
grinding section and bagging section. There are two main types of dryer in the drying
section, direct and indirect. In the direct dryer very hot air at a temperature of up to
500C is passed over the material as it is tumbled rapidly in a cylindrical drum; this is
the quicker method, but heat damage is much more likely if the process is not carefully
controlled. The meal does not reach the temperature of the hot air, because rapid
evaporation of water from the surface of each particle of fish causes cooling; normally
the product temperature remains at about 100C

Another related study was the Papaya Candy Dryer developed by Asi et al.,
2012. The dryer consist of a tray drying chamber, the heating coil, the fan and the
temperature controller. Air is drawn to the intake section by the fan and is heated as it
passes through the heating coil before entering each compartment of the drying
chamber. The heated air passes through the trays and exits on the other side of the
drying chamber to the exhaust section of the dryer. The dryer runs for 6 hours to dry
3000 kg of the feed and have 835 kg of product as result. The dryer operates with a
temperature rating of 50 degree Celsius.