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PGINA 80
Amparo quiere fabricar las cuatro velas que ha diseado sobre el lienzo, pero an no se ha decidido sobre alguna de sus dimensiones. Para
hacerlo necesita saber su volumen (cunta cera gastar?) y su superficie total (cunto le costar pintarlas?).
PGINA 81
a) 2x 7
b)x 9
a) coef. 8 2 b) coef. 8 1
grad. 8 7
grad. 8 9
c) x
d)5
c) coef. 8 1
grad. 8 1
d) coef. 8 5
grad. 8 0
c) x y2
b) 2x y
a) 5 33 = 5 27 = 135
c) 3
(2)2
d) x y
b) 2 3 (2) = 12
= 12
d) 3 (2) = 6
7x 2 y x 2 son semejantes a 5x 2.
a) 5xy
c) x
Por ejemplo:
a) 5xy
8xy
3xy
b) 2x3
3x 3
3 x3
2
c) x
2x
25x
x2
x
x
b) ACARA LAT. = x y
c) PBASE = x + x + x + x = 4x
d) VORT. = x x y = x 2y
PGINA 82
Efecta las siguientes sumas de monomios. Cuando el resultado no pueda simplificarse, djalo indicado:
a) 5x 3x + 4x + 7x 11x + x
2
b) 8x 2 5x 2 + 2 x 2 + x 2 x + 7 x 2
3 3
3
c) x + 7x x 2 + 3x + 5x 2 2x 2
d) 3x 2y 5x 2y + 2x 2y + x 2y
e) 7x 3 11x 3 + 3y 3 y 3 + 2y 3 4
a) 5x 3x + 4x + 7x 11x + x = 3x
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
b) 8x 2 5x 2 + 2 x 2 + x 2 x + 7 x 2 = 24x 15x + 2x + 3x x + 7x = 20 x 2
3 3
3
3
3
c) x + 7x
x2
+ 3x +
5x 2
2x 2
= 11x +
2x 2
d) 3x 2y 5x 2y + 2x 2y + x 2y = x 2y
e) 7x 3 11x 3 + 3y 3 y 3 + 2y 3 4 = 4x 3 + 4y 3 4
Opera.
b) (3 x) (3 y)
a) (3x 2) (5xy)
c)
(3xy)2
d) (3 x)2 (2x)
(2x 2)
b) (3 x) (3 y) = 3xy
d) (3 x)2 (2x) = 6x 3
A = 5x 2, B = 4x, C = 2x 2. Calcula:
a) A + C
b) A B
d) B 3
A2
e)
g) (A B ) : C
h)C : B
c) 2A + 3C
f ) A + B 2 + 10C
i) (A : C ) B
a) A + C = 5x 2 2x 2 = 3x 2
b) A B = 5x 2 4x = 20x 3
c) 2A + 3C = 10x 2 6x 2 = 4x 2
d) B 3 = (4x)3 = 64x 3
e) A 2 C = (5x 2)2 (2x 2) = 25x 4 + 2x 2
f ) A + B 2 + 10C = 5x 2 + (4x)2 20x 2 = x 2
g) (A B) : C = (5x 2 4x) : (2x 2) = 10x
1
h) C : B = 2x 2 : 4x =
x
2
i) (A : C ) B = [5x 2 : (2x 2)] 4x = 10x
PGINA 83
b) n + (n + 1) = 2n + 1
c) x + 2y
d) 2r 4 + 2r 2 = r(8 + 2r)
e) 2l 2 + 4 5l = 2l(l + 10)
x + (x + 8) + (x + 7) = 3x + 15
PGINA 84
Sean P = x 4 3x 3 + 5x + 3, Q = 5x 3 + 3x 2 11.
Halla P + Q y P Q.
P + Q = x 4 3x 3 + 5x + 3 + 5x 3 + 3x 2 11 = x 4 + 2x 3 + 3x 2 + 5x 8
P Q = x 4 3x 3 + 5x + 3 (5x 3 + 3x 2 11) = x 4 8x 3 3x 2 + 5x + 14
Efecta.
a) 2x (3x 2 4x)
b) 5(x 3 3x)
c) 4x 2(2x + 3)
d) 2x (x 2 x + 1)
e) 6(x 3 4x + 2)
f ) x (x 4 2x 2 + 3)
a) 2x (3x 2 4x) = 6x 3 8x 2
b) 5(x 3 3x) = 5x 3 15x
c) 4x 2(2x + 3) = 8x 3 + 12x 2
d) 2x (x 2 x + 1) = 2x 3 + 2x 2 2x
e) 6(x 3 4x + 2) = 6x 3 + 24x 12
f ) x (x 4 2x 2 + 3) = x 5 + 2x 3 3x
b) 2a 2(3a 2 + 5a 3)
c) ab (a + b)
d) 5(3x 2 + 7x + 11)
e) x 2y (x + y + 1)
g) 6x 2y 2(x 2 x + 1)
h)2(5x 3 + 3x 2 8)
i) 3a2b 3(a b + 1)
j) 2x (3x 2 5x + 8)
a) x (2x + y + 1) = 2x 2 + xy + x
b) 2a 2(3a 2 + 5a 3) = 6a 4 + 10a 5
c) ab (a + b) = a 2b + ab 2
d) 5(3x 2 + 7x + 11) = 15x 2 + 35x + 55
e) x 2y (x + y + 1) = x 3y + x 2y 2 + x 2y
f ) 5xy 2(2x + 3y) = 10x 2y 2 + 15xy 3
g) 6x 2y 2(x 2 x + 1) = 6x 4y 2 6x 3y 2 + 6x 2y 2
h) 2(5x 3 + 3x 2 8) = 10x 3 6x 2 + 16
i) 3a2b 3(a b + 1) = 3a 3b 3 3a 2b 4 + 3a 2b 3
j) 2x (3x 2 5x + 8) = 6x 3 + 10x 2 16x
PGINA 85
b) Q R
c) P Q
Opera y simplifica:
a) 2x (3x 2 2) + 5(3x 4)
b) (x 2 3)(x + 1) x (2x 2 + 5x)
c) (3x 2)(2x + 1) 2(x 2 + 4x)
a) 2x(3x 2 2) + 5(3x 4) = 6x 3 4x + 15x 20 = 6x 3 + 11x 20
b) (x 2 3)(x + 1) x(2x 2 + 5x) = x 3 3x + x 2 3 2x 3 5x 2 = x 3 4x 2 3x 3
c) (3x 2)(2x + 1) 2(x 2 + 4x) = 6x 2 + 3x 4x 2 2x 2 8x = 4x 2 9x 2
Q (x) = x + 6
6x 3
Q (x) = 3x + 1
b) P (x) =
2x 2
+ 18x + 3
c) P (x) = 6x 3 + 2x 2 + 18x + 3
Q (x) = x
d) P (x) = 5x 2 + 11x 4
Q (x) = 5x 2
a) 3x 2 11x + 5
|x+6
2
3x 18x
3x 29
29x + 5
+29x + 174
179
2
3x 11x + 5 = (x + 6)(3x 29) + 179
b) 6x 3 + 2x 2 + 18x + 3
| 3x + 1
3
2
6x 2x
2x 2 + 6
0 +18x + 3
18x 6
3
3
2
6x + 2x + 18x + 3 = (3x + 1)(2x 2 + 6) 3
c) 6x 3 + 2x 2 + 18x + 3
|x
3
6x
6x 2 + 2x + 18
0 + 2x 2
2x 2
0 +18x
18x
0+ 3
6x 3 + 2x 2 + 18x + 3 = x(6x 2 + 2x + 18) + 3
d) 5x 2 + 11x 4
5x 2 + 2x
| 5x 2
x + 13
5
13x 4
13x + 26
5
6
5
5x 2 + 11x 4 = (5x 2)(x + 13 ) + 6
5
5
PGINA 86
PGINA 87
b) B (x) = x 2 6x + 9
c) C (x) = x 2 1
e) E (x) = 4x 2 + 12x + 9
f ) F (x) = x 2 9
g) G (x) = x 3 4x
i) I (x) = x 2 1
16
a) A(x) = x 2 + 4x + 4 = (x + 2)2
b) B(x) = x 2 6x + 9 = (x 3)2
c) C (x) = x 2 1 = (x + 1)(x 1)
d) D(x) = x 4 10x 3 + 25x 2 = x 2(x 2 10x + 25) = x 2(x 5)2
e) E(x) = 4x 2 + 12x + 9 = (2x + 3)2
f ) F(x) = x 2 9 = (x + 3)(x 3)
x3
g) G(x) = 4x = x (x 2 4) = x (x + 2)(x 2)
h) H (x) = 9x 2 + 24x + 16 = (3x + 4)2
i) I(x) = x 2 1 = x + 1 x 1
16
4
4
j) J(x) = x 2 0,01 = (x + 0,1)(x 0,1)
( )( )
d)
6x 4
14x 3
21x 2
+ 82x 77
| 3x 7
3
+ 14x
2x 3 + 7x +11
0 21x 2 + 82x
+21x 2 49x
33x 77
33x + 77
0
4
3
2
6x 14x 21x + 82x 77 = (3x 7)(2x 3 7x + 11)
6x 4
e) 2x 3 + 6x 2 + 2x 4
|x +2
2x 3 4x 2
2x 2 + 2x 2
2x 2 + 2x
2x 2 4x
2x 4
+2x + 4
0
3
2
2x + 6x + 2x 4 = (x + 2)(2x 2 + 2x 2)
PGINA 88
x 4
= x
3 3
b) x + (x + 8) = 2x +8
c) 1,12 x
d) 0,95 x
e) x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 3x + 3
x 11
f ) 3x =
x
4 4
g) x + (x + 28) = 2x + 28
h) v + (v + 10) = 2v + 10
PGINA 89
PGINA 90
10
Multiplica y simplifica.
a) 10 + 6 4x por x + 3
x+3
b) 2 000 + 25 2 000 por x (x 4)
x
x4
c) 1 + 12 3 por x 2
x x
4
a) (x + 3) 10 + (x + 3) 6 (x + 3) 4x = 10 + 6x + 18 4x 2 12x = 4x 2 6x + 28
x+3
b) x(x 4) 2 000 + x(x 4) 25 x(x 4) 2 000 =
x
x4
2
= 2 000x 8 000 + 25x 100x 2 000x = 25x 2 100x 8 000
2
c) x 2 1 + x 2 12 x 2 3 = x + 1 3x
x
4
4
x
11
PGINA 91
P RACTICA
Monomios
b) Grado 3
c) Grado 2
d) Grado 1
e) Grado 1
f ) Grado 3
g) Grado 0
h) Grado 2
i) Grado 0
2x 2, 1 x 2, 4 x 2
2
5
3
3
3x , x
Son semejantes:
3 x, 1 x
4
3
3, 1
5
()
( ) = 25 18 = 201
x= 1 8 2 1
2
5
2
()
()
Simplifica.
2 2
x + 5x 2
3
1 2
d) 2 x 2
x + x2
10
5
5
1
f ) x 2 + x 2 + 2x 2
2
2
a) 2x 6 3x 6 x 6
c)
b) 3x 2
1
x 3x + x
2
4
e) 2x 3 + x 3 3x 3
a) 2x 6 3x 6 x 6 = (2 3 1)x 6 = 2x 6
) ( )
c) 1 x 3 x + x = ( 1 3 + 1) x = ( 2 3 + 4 ) x = 3 x
2
4
2 4
4 4 4
4
2
1
2
1
4
1
10
13
d) x
x +x =(
+ 1)x = (
+
x =
x
)
5
10
5 10
10 10 10
10
b) 3x 2 2 x 2 + 5x 2 = 3 2 + 5 x 2 = 8 2 x 2 = 22 x 2
3
3
3
3
e) 2x 3 + x 3 3x 3 = (2 + 1 3)x 3 = 4x 3
f)
) (
5 2 1 2
5 1
4
+ 2 x 2 = + 2 x 2 = 0x 2 = 0
x + x + 2x 2 = +
2
2
2 2
2
5x 4,
B=
20x 4,
C = 2x, calcula:
b) A B
c) 3A + 2B
C2
f) A2 + C8
d) A 3
e)
g) A B
h)A C
i) B C
j) B : A
k) A : B
l) (B : C ) A
A = 5x 4
a) A + B =
B = 20x 4
5x 4
20x 4
C = 2x
15x 4
b) A B = 5x 4 20x 4 = 25x 4
c) 3A + 2B = 3 (5x 4) + 2 (20x 4) = 15x 4 + 40x 4 = 25x 4
d) A 3 = (5x 4) 3 = 125x 12
e) C 2 = (2x) 2 = 4x 2
f ) A 2 + C 8 = (5x 4) 2 + (2x) 8 = 25x 8 + 256x 8 = 281x 8
g) A B = (5x 4) (20x 4) = 100x 8
h) A C = (5x 4) (2x) = 10x 5
i) B C = (20x 4) (2x) = 40x 5
j) B : A = (20x 4) : (5x 4) = 4
k) A : B = (5x 4) : (20x 4) = 5 = 1
20
4
4
l) (B : C ) A = 20x (5x 4) = (10x 3) (5x 4) = 50x 7
2x
b) 3 x 3 (2x 2) 2x
4
c) 2x 3 (x 2) 5x
d) x 1 x 3 x
5
2
e) 1 x 3x 2 (x)
3
f ) 2 x 2 3 x 10 x 2
5
4
3
( )
( )
d) x 1 x 3 x = 3 x 3 8 Grado 3
2
5
10
e) 1 x 3x 2 (x) = x 4 8 Grado 4
3
f ) 2 x 2 3 x 10 x 2 = 2 3 10 x 5 = x 5 8 Grado 5
5
4
3
5 4 3
b) (4x 6) : (2x)
c) (3x 3) : (2x 2)
d) (18x 3) : (2x 3)
e)
20x 3
2x 2
f)
15x 6
3x 2
g)
7x 3
2x 2
h)
2x 2
x2
20x 3
= 10x 8 Grado 1
2x 2
f)
15x 6
= 5x 4 8 Grado 4
3x 2
g)
7x 3
= 7 x 8 Grado 1
2
2x 2
h)
2x 2
= 2 8 Grado 0
x2
Polinomios
b) x 2 3x 3 + 2x
d) 1 x 3 + 3x 2
2
f) 1 x5 3 x2
4
5
h) 1 x + 3x
3
a) Grado 4
b) Grado 3
c) Grado 3
d) Grado 3
2x 2
f ) Grado 5
g) Grado 1
h) Grado 1
e)
8 Grado 2
2x 4
5x 3
+ 3x 1 y Q =
6x 3
2x 2
7,
P + Q = (2x 4 5x 3 + 3x 1) + (6x 3 + 2x 2 7) = 2x 4 + x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x 8
P Q = (2x 4 5x 3 + 3x 1) (6x 3 + 2x 2 7) = 2x 4 5x 3 + 3x 1 6x 3 2x 2 + 7 =
= 2x 4 11x 3 2x 2 + 3x + 6
M = 3x 2 5x 3
K = x2 1 x + 2
3
3
Calcula:
a) 2M + 3K
b) M 4N
c) 4N 3K
a) 2M + 3K = 2(3x 2 5x 3) + 3 x 2 1 x + 2 = 6x 2 10x 6 + 3x 2 x + 2 =
3
3
= 9x 2 11x 4
b) M 4N = (3x 2 5x 3) 4 1 x 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3x 2 5x 3 2x 2 3x 4 =
2
4
= x 2 8x 7
c) 4N 3K = 4 1 x 2 + 3 x + 1 3 x 2 1 x + 2 = 2x 2 + 3x + 4 3x 2 + x 2 =
2
4
3
3
= x 2 + 4x + 2
10
) (
Efecta.
a) 3x (2x 2 5x + 1)
b) 7x 3(2x 3 + 3x 2 2)
c) 5x (x 4 3x 2 + 5x)
d) x 2(x 3 + 4x 2 6x + 3)
a) 3x (2x 2 5x + 1) = 6x 3 15x 2 + 3x
b) 7x 3(2x 3 + 3x 2 2) = 14x 6 + 21x 5 14x 3
c) 5x (x 4 3x 2 + 5x) = 5x 5 + 15x 3 25x 2
d) x 2(x 3 + 4x 2 6x + 3) = x 5 4x 4 + 6x 3 3x 2
11
Opera y simplifica:
a) (5x 2) (3 2x)
b) x (x 3) (2x 1)
c) (3 + 7x)(5 + 2x)
d) (x + 1)(3x + 2)(x 2)
12
Opera y simplifica:
a) (3x 3 + 1)(2x 2 3x + 5)
b) (x 2 5x) (x 3 + 2x)
c) (x 3 2x + 3) (x 2 + 4x 1)
d) (3x 2 2x + 2) (x 3 + 3x 2)
PGINA 92
13
+ 7x 3 5x + 1) : x
b) (x 3 5x 2 + x) : (x 2)
c) (x 3 5x 2 + x) : (x + 3)
a) x 5 + 7x 3 5x + 1
|x
5
x
x 4 + 7x 2 5
7x 3
7x 3
5x
5x
+1
Cociente = x 4 + 7x 2 5
Resto = 1
b) x 3 5x 2 + x
|x2
3
2
x + 2x
x 2 3x 5
3x 2 + x
3x 2 6x
5x
5x 10
10
Cociente = x 2 3x 5
Resto = 10
c)
x3
5x 2
+ x
2
3x
8x 2 + x
8x 2 + 24x
25x
25x 75
75
2
Cociente = x 8x + 25
x 3
14
|x +3
x 2 8x + 25
Resto = 75
| 3x + 1
x 8
3
8x + 5
8x + 8
3
23
3
Cociente = x 8
3
Resto = 23
3
b) 4x 3
x
3
2
4x 6x
6x 2 x
6x 2 + 9x
8x
8x 12
12
2
Cociente = 2x 3x + 4
| 2x + 3
2x 2 3x + 4
c) 5x 3 3x 2 + 8x
5x 3 2x 2
5x 2 + 8x
5x 2 + 2x
10x
10x 4
4
2
Cociente = x x + 2
| 5x + 2
x2 x + 2
Resto = 12
Resto = 4
Factorizacin de polinomios
15
+ 6x 3
c) 10x 3 5x 2
b) 2x 3 6x 2 + 4x
d) x 4 x 3 + x 2 x
a) 9x 2 + 6x 3 = 3(3x 2 + 2x 1)
b) 2x 3 6x 2 + 4x = 2x(x 2 3x + 2)
c) 10x 3 5x 2 = 5x 2 (2x 1)
d) x 4 x 3 + x 2 x = x(x 3 x 2 + x 1)
16
17
a) x 2
n )2
+ 12x + 36 = (x +
c) 49 + 14x + x 2
a) x 2 + 12x + 36 = (x + 6) 2
c) 49 + 14x + x 2 = (7 + x) 2
18
n 5) 2
b) 4x 2 20x + 25 = (
d) x 2 x + 1
4
b) 4x 2 20x + 25 = (2x 5) 2
2
d) x 2 x + 1 = x 1
4
2
( )
a) x 2
n ) (x
n)
16 = (x +
b) x 2 1
c) 9 x 2
d) 4x 2 1
e) 4x 2 9
a) x 2 16 = (x + 4)(x 4)
b) x 2 1 = (x + 1)(x 1)
c) 9 x 2 = (3 + x)(3 x)
d) 4x 2 1 = (2x 1)(2x + 1)
e) 4x 2 9 = (2x 3)(2x + 3)
19
20
Saca factor comn y utiliza los productos notables para factorizar los siguientes polinomios:
a) x 3 6x 2 + 9x
b) x 3 x
c) 4x 4 81x 2
d) x 3 + 2x 2 + x
e) 3x 3 27x
f ) 3x 2 + 30x + 75
a) x 3 6x 2 + 9x = x(x 2 6x + 9) = x(x 3) 2
b) x 3 x = x(x 2 1) = x(x 1)(x + 1)
c) 4x 4 81x 2 = x 2 (4x 2 81) = x 2 (2x + 9)(2x 9)
d) x 3 + 2x 2 + x = x(x 2 + 2x + 1) = x(x + 1) 2
e) 3x 3 27x = 3x(x 2 9) = 3x(x + 3)(x 3)
f ) 3x 2 + 30x + 75 = 3(x 2 + 10x + 25) = 3(x + 5) 2
21
Simplifica.
a) 6(x + 3) 2(x 5)
b) 3(2x + 1) + 7(x 3) 4x
c) 5(3 2x) (x + 7) 8
d) 4(1 x) + 6x 10 3(x 5)
e) 2x 3 + 3(x 1) 2(3 x) + 5
f ) 2(x + 3) (x + 1) 1 + 3(5x 4)
a) 6(x + 3) 2(x 5) = 6x + 18 2x + 10 = 4x + 28
b) 3(2x + 1) + 7(x 3) 4x = 6x + 3 + 7x 21 4x = 9x 18
c) 5(3 2x) (x + 7) 8 = 15 10x x 7 8 = 11x
d) 4(1 x) + 6x 10 3(x 5) = 4 4x + 6x 10 3x + 15 = x + 9
e) 2x 3 + 3(x 1) 2(3 x) + 5 = 2x 3 + 3x 3 6 + 2x + 5 = 7x 7
f ) 2(x + 3) (x + 1) 1 + 3(5x 4) = 2x + 6 x 1 1 + 15x 12 = 16x 8
22
= 15x + 75
e) 8 1 + 12x + x 4 3(x + 1) (1 x) =
4
2
8
= 2(1 + 12x) + 4(x 4) 3(x + 1) + (1 x) =
= 2 + 24x + 4x 16 3x 3 + 1 x = 24x 16
f ) 60 3x 2 4x + 1 + 2 + 2(x 3) =
6
10
15
4
= 10(3x 2) 6(4x + 1) + 4 2 + 15 2(x 3) =
23
PGINA 93
24
2
a) 2 (3x + 1)(3x 1) + (x 2) 1 + 2x = 2(3x + 1)(3x 1) + (x 2)2 2 + 4x =
2
= 2(9x 2 1) + x 2 4x + 4 2 + 4x =
= 18x 2 2 + x 2 + 2 = 19x 2
x2
+2
3
x2
Pg. 12
+ 1 x + 5 = 4(x 2 + 2) 3(x 2 + 1) (x + 5) =
4
12
= 4x 2 + 8 3x 2 3 x 5 = x 2 x
2
c) 6 (2x 1)(2x + 1) 3x 2 x = 2(2x 1)(2x + 1) (3x 2) 2x 2 =
3
3
6
= 2(4x 2 1) 3x + 2 2x 2 =
= 8x 2 2 3x + 2 2x 2 = 6x 2 3x
e) 6 x + 3x + 1 x 2 x 2 + 2 = 6x + 3(3x + 1) 2(x 2) 6x 2 + 12 =
2
3
= 6x + 9x + 3 2x + 4 6x 2 + 12 =
= 6x 2 + 13x + 19
f ) 12 x (x 1) x (x + 1) + 3x + 4 = 4x(x 1) 3x(x + 1) + 3x + 4 =
3
4
12
= 4x 2 4x 3x 2 3x + 3x + 4 =
= x 2 4x + 4
Expresiones no polinmicas
25
(x )2 (x 2)2 = x (x 2 4x + 4) = x x 2 + 4x 4 = x 2 + 5x 4
b) A = 25 x 2 , B = x 1
(25 x 2 )2 (x 1)2 = 25 x 2 (x 2 2x + 1) = 25 x 2 x 2 + 2x 1 =
= 2x 2 + 2x + 24
c) A = 169 x 2 , B = x 17
d) A = 5x + 10 , B = 8 x
(2x 2 + 7 )2 (5 4x )2 = 2x 2 + 7 (5 4x) = 2x 2 + 7 5 + 4x = 2x 2 + 4x + 2
f ) A = x + 2 , B = x 4
(x + 2 )2 (x 4)2 = x + 2 (x 2 8x + 16) = x + 2 x 2 + 8x 16 =
= x 2 + 9x 14
26
a) 2x 2 1 3x = 4 1 3x 2 = 3x 2 + 3
x 2x
2
g) 9x 2 1 + 22 5 = 9x + 18 5x 2 = 5x 2 + 9x + 18
x x
9
h) 2(2 + x) 2 x + 4 1 = (2 + x)(2 x) + 4 2 2(2 + x) =
2
2+x
= 4 x 2 + 8 4 2x = x 2 2x + 8
P I E N S A Y R E S U E LV E
Monomios, polinomios, factorizacin
27
28
29
30
31
B (x) = x 3 5x 2 5x + 9
32
|x+4
x7
C (x) = x 7
R(x) = 30
Por tanto:
x 2 3x + 2 = (x + 4)(x 7) + 30
b) (x 3 2x + 3) : (x 2 1)
x 3 2x + 3
x 3 + x
x + 3
| x2 1
x
C (x) = x
R(x) = x + 3
As:
x 3 2x + 3 = (x 2 1)x x + 3
c) (3x 2 2x + 7) : (x 2)
3x 2 2x + 7
3x 2 + 6x
4x + 7
4x + 8
15
|x2
3x + 4
C (x) = 3x + 4
R(x) = 15
Por tanto:
3x 2 2x + 7 = (x 2)(3x + 4) + 15
d) (x 2 + x 12) : (x + 3)
x 2 + x 12
x 2 3x
2x 12
2x + 6
6
|x+3
x2
C (x) = x 2
R(x) = 6
Por tanto:
x 2 + x 12 = (x + 3)(x 2) 6
33
|x+2
x4 + 1
| 3x + 4
x2 + x + 1
|x 1
x2 + 9
34
nx+9
a) (x 3) 2 = x 2
nx+1
b) (2x + 1) 2 = 4x 2 +
a) (x 3) 2 = x 2 6x + 9
b) (2x + 1) 2 = 4x 2 + 4x + 1
c) (x + 4) 2 = x 2 + 8x + 16
d) (3x 2) 2 = 9x 2 12x + 4
c) (x +
n )2 = x2 +
n x + 16
d) (3x
n )2 =
n x2
nx+4
PGINA 94
Enunciados: primer grado
35
Catetos = x 5 y 3 x
5
3
x
5
36
37
y1
En la expresin x +
1 sustituye x por 1 3y y simplifica.
4
5
1 3y y 1
5(1 3y) + 4(y 1) 20
x + y1 1
+
1=
=
x
=
1
3y
4
5
4
5
20
5 15y + 4y 4 20 11y 19
=
=
20
20
En cada caso, desarrolla A + B y simplifica:
a) A = 4(x 3) + y
b) A = x + 4 y + 1
5
c) A = 2 x + 1 + y 1
3
B = 3(x + 3) y 18
B=x6+y+1
5
B = x 3 + 2y 1
4
d) A = 6(x + 2) 2( y + 7) B = x + 2( y + 1)
a) A = 4(x 3) + y
B = 3(x + 3) y 18
A + B = 4(x 3) + y + 3(x + 3) y 18 = 4x 12 + y + 3x + 9 y 18 =
= 7x 21
b) A = x + 4 y + 1
B=x6+y+1
5
5
A + B = x + 4 y + 1 + x 6 + y + 1 = 2x 2 + 2 = 2x 2 + 10 = 2x + 8
5
5
5
5
5
c) A = 2 x + 1 + y 1
B = x 3 + 2y 1
3
4
A + B = 2 x + 1 + y 1 + x 3 + 2y 1 = 2x 2 2y + 2 + x 3 + 2y 1 =
3
4
3
4
= 2x 2 + x 3 + 1 = 4(2x 2) + 3(x 3) + 12 =
3
4
12
= 8x 8 + 3x 9 + 12 = 5x 5
12
12
d) A = 6(x + 2) 2(y + 7)
B = x + 2(y + 1)
38
Altura = x 8 rea = 5 x x = 5 x 2
3
3
b) x = nmero 8 x 2 3x
Cuadrado de la hipotenusa = (9 x)2 + (16 x)2 =
= 81 18x + x 2 + 256 32x + x 2 = 2x 2 50x + 337
c)
9x
16 x
rea = (x + 3)2 = x 2 + 6x + 9
d)
x+3
8 rea = x 2
x
8 rea = (x + 3)2
x+3
e)
Permetro = 70 m 8 Semipermetro = 35 m 8
8 Altura = 35 x
f)
35 x
g)
x
x
39
h) Diagonal menor = x
Diagonal mayor = 3x
2
8 rea = x 3x = 3x
2
2
En cada una de las siguientes expresiones, sustituye y por lo que se indica y simplifica:
a) xy + 2y 2
c)
2x 2
y2
a) xy + 2y 2
b) xy y 2
y por 1 x
b) xy y 2
y por 3x 3
d) x 2
y por 3 2x
2
y por 3 2x
x(1 x) + 2(1 x) 2 = x x 2 + 2 2x 2 = x 2 x
y=1x
y = 3 2x
y2
c) 2x 2 + y 2 9
y = 3x 3
d) x 2 + y 2 2
y = 3 2x
x 2 + (3 2x)2 2 = x 2 + 9 12x + 4x 2 2 =
= 5x 2 12x + 7
40
En cada una de las siguientes expresiones, sustituye x por lo que se indica y simplifica:
2y
a) x (x y) 2( y 2 4) x por
3
b) xy 2
x por 25 y
2
c) 2xy 3
x por 4 2y
a) x (x y) 2(y 2 4)
2y 2y
4y 2 2y 2
y 2y 2 + 8 =
+
2y 2 + 8 =
3
3
9
3
2y
x=
3
4y 2 + 6y 2 18y 2 + 72 8y 2 + 72
=
9
9
2
25 y y 2 = 25 y 2 2 = 25y 4
2
2
2
=
b) xy 2
x=
c) 2xy 3
41
25
y
2
x = 4 2y
2(4 2y)y 3 = 8y 4y 2 3 = 4y 2 + 8y 3
42
43
40 x = menor
44
24 x
2
24 x
24 x
24 x
24 x
) + () = 2() =
(
2
2
2
= 24 x 2
2
45
Un grupo de x estudiantes alquilan un piso por 700 al mes. Se apuntan 2 ms para alquilarlo. Expresa algebraicamente la diferencia de precio en
ambos casos (con todos ellos o con 2 ms).
x estudiantes alquilan un piso por 700 al mes 8 cada uno paga 700 .
x
Si fueran x + 2 estudiantes, cada una pagara 700 .
x+2
Diferencia de precio = 700 700 = 700(x + 2) 700x =
x
x+2
x(x + 2)
= 700x + 1 400 700x = 1 400
x(x + 2)
x(x + 2)
46
PGINA 95
BUSCA REGULARIDADES Y GENERALIZA
Tringulo y potencias
Observa, comprueba y compara:
1
1
1
(a + b)1 = 1a + 1b
1
2
1
(a + b)2 = 1a2 + 2ab + 1b2
1
3
3
1
(a + b)3 = 1a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + 1b3
1
4
6
4
1
(a + b)4 = 1a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + 1b4
Sabras aadir una fila ms a este tringulo numrico? (Se conoce como tringulo de Tartaglia).
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
1
1
3
6
10 10
1
4
1
5
3a + 2
5a + 6
11a + 10
21a + 22
3a + 2 = (a + 2) + 2a = a 2 + 2a = a(a + 2) = a a 2 = a 3
5a + 6 = (3a + 2) + 2(a + 2) = a 3 + 2a 2 = a 2(a + 2) = a 2 a 2 = a 4
11a + 10 = (5a + 6) + 2(3a + 2) = a 4 + 2 a 3 = a 3(a + 2) = a 3 a 2 = a 5
21a + 22 = (11a + 10) + 2(5a + 6) = a 5 + 2 a 4 = a 4(a + 2) = a 4 a 2 = a 6
Soluciones a la autoevaluacin
Pg. 1
PGINA 95
Verifcalo resolviendo ejercicios
1 Multiplica y simplifica:
(2x + 3) (x 2 3x) x (x + 8)
(2x + 3) (x 2 3x) x(x + 8) = 2x 3 6x 2 + 3x 2 9x x 2 8x = 2x 3 4x 2 17x
|x+1
2x 2 + x 1
Cociente = 2x 2 + x 1
Resto = 6
3 Factoriza:
a) x 4 16x 2
b) x 3 6x 2 + 9x
4 Reduce:
2
2
a) 6 x + 1 x 4 x + 1
3
6
2
b) (5 3x ) (3x + 1)2
2
2
a) 6 x + 1 x 4 x + 1 = 2(x 2 + 1) (x 2 4) 6x + 6 =
3
6
2
= 2x 2 + 2 x 2 + 4 6x + 6 = x 2 6x + 12
x = 1 + 2y
(1 + 2y)2 y 8 = 1 + 4y + 4y 2 y 8 = 4y 2 + 3y 7
Soluciones a la autoevaluacin
Pg. 2
h
x
8 h=
()
x 2
x2 + =
2
x2
x2 + =
4
5
x2 = 5 x
2
4