Text 9 Question 91 through 101 refer to the following passage.

For centuries, people have searched for a way to replace dead and decaying teeth
with
comfortable false teeth. Many materials have been used to make a set of false teeth. The
teeth
themselves should be made from a hard and durable material. They should be secured to
a soft
material, making them easy to wear. In the last two decades, dentists succeeded in
making durable false
teeth that are comfortable, too.
Two thousand years ago, the Etruscans made teeth out of animal bone and gold.
These
materials were used-with varying degrees of success-up to the 1700s. When George
Washington was
president, ivory from animals such as elephants became a popular material for false
teeth. Doctors and
inventors also tried silver, peal, and agate, but teeth made from these materials were
very expensive.
Perhaps the most successful material was porcelain, invented by a Frenchman about two
hundred years
ago. White, strong, and resistant to decay, porcelain is still used today for making single
teeth.
Besides finding a material for the teeth, inventors also had to find a way to secure them
in a
persons mouth. People tried wire, springs, and many kinds of glue to accomplish this. In
most cases,
however, discomfort and a likelihood of the teeth falling out plagued the person who
wore them.
Around 1844, an American dentist named Horace Wells used laughing gas to put people
to sleep before
working on their teeth. This innovation made dental work a lot less painful. Soon after, an
inventor
created the first form of rubber. This was important to dentistry because teeth could be
attached to the
rubber, and the rubber could be molded to fit the shape of the mouth. With these two
developments,
dentist could work without causing pain and could fit teeth more carefully. False teeth
have become

more available and comfortable since then, and dentists have continued to improve the
making and use
of false teeth.
91. What is the main topic of this passage?
a. Horace Wells
b. False teeth
c. Gold and bone
d. The Etruscans
92. The word they in the first paragraph refers to:
a. Teeth
b. Materials
c. People
d. Dentists
93. The word varying in the second paragraph cold best be replaced by the word:
a. Constant
b. Changeless
c. Fluctuating
d. Stable
94. Porcelain was invented after the first use of:
a. Rubber for holding for holding teeth in place
b. Laughing gas
c. Ivory for making teeth
d. Electric drills
95. When did Horace Wells begin using laughing gas?
a. 1700
b. Two-thousand years ago
c. 1834
d. 1844
96. The word besides in the third paragraph means:
a. In addition to

b. Stand next to
c. Anyway
d. Together
97. The word them in the third paragraph refers to:
a. Teeth
b. Inventors
c. People
d. Wire
98. When was rubber found to be a useful material for false teeth?
a. After laughing gas was used to put patients to sleep
b. While George Washington was president
c. Before a Frenchman invented porcelain
d. While the Etruscans were making teeth of bone and gold
99. The following sentence would best complete which paragraph? It is unimaginable
what will come
next.
a. Paragraph 1
b. Paragraph 2
c. Paragraph 3
d. Paragraph 4
100. The word molded in the fourth paragraph means:
a. Formed into a shape
b. To form an organic growth
c. To make an ornament
d. The fitting of a shoe
101. The word resistant in the second paragraph could best be replaced by the word:
a. Prone
b. Insusceptible
c. Hearty
d. Sassy

Text 10 Question 102 through 113 refer to the following passage.

The lens on a camera has only two tasks. First, it must gather in as much light as
possible in
order to activate the sensitive chemicals on the film. Second, it must organize the light
rays so that they
form a sharp image on the film. These may sound like simple tasks, but they are not.
One of the sharpest lenses is merely a pinhole in a sheet of cardboard, metal,
plastic, or a similar
material. If the pinhole is tiny enough, the image can be quite sharp, but then very little
light is
admitted. For most purposes, even the most sensitive film would take too long to record
an image.
A glass lens is much better because it lets in much more light and focuses it on the film.
Yet
simple glass lenses are sharpest only in their centers. As more of the lens is used, the
image suffers in
sharpness.
One reason a simple lens can cause problems is that it is shaped like a section of
a sphere.
Spherical lenses do not focus perfectly on flat film, so the image is slightly distorted,
especially at the
edges. Another reason is that the lens can act partly like a prism. This means that some
of the colors in
the image will not focus properly, and the image will be fuzzy.
One solution is to block off all but the sharp-focusing center of the lens. If you
block off the
edges of the lens, however, less light will get to the film. Early lenses had to compromise
between
sharpness and light-gathering power.
Very sharp lenses that admit as much light as possible can be built by making
them with several
separate lenses, or elements. A multiple-element lens has from two to nine separate
lenses. Some
elements are cemented together, and some have a gap between them. Furthermore, the
elements are
often made of different kinds of glass, each with a different ability to bend light rays.
Some of the

elements are there just for correcting problems caused by the other elements! The
results are worth it,
though: pictures can be taken in many different light conditions, and they have a
sharpness you
can almost feel.
102. The word it in the first paragraph refers to:
a. Camera
b. Lens
c. Film
d. Chemicals
103. The word distorted in the fourth paragraph means:
a. Out of a proper or natural relation
b. Clean and in shape
c. Purified, as one
d. Proper
104. In what ways does an image suffer if too large an area of the spherical lens is used?
a. The edges of the image become fuzzy
b. Too much light is admitted
c. Too little light is admitted
d. Colors change
105. What is the main disadvantage of a simple lens that is made sharp by using just the
center?
a. With less light-gathering power, the lens is utterly useless.
b. With less light-gathering power, the lens is useful only in bright light.
c. With more light-gathering power, the lens is useful only in dim light.
d. With more light-gathering power, the lens is utterly useless.
106. The word sharpest in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to:
a. Having clear form and detail
b. Terminating in an edge or a point
c. Intellectually penetrating; astute
d. Having a thin edge or a fine point suitable for or capable of cutting or piercing

107. The word it in the fourth paragraph refers to:

a. Glass lens
b. Prism
c. Simple lens
a. Flat film
108. The word sensitive in the second paragraph could best be replaced by the word:
a. Delicate
b. Irritable
c. Reactive
d. Psychic
109. The word ability in the sixth paragraph could best be replaced by the word:
a. Ignorance
b. Weakness
c. Ineptness
d. Capacity
110. The meaning of the word solution as used in the fifth paragraph is closest in
meaning to:
a. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be
solids,liquids, gases, or a
combination of these
b. The answer to or disposition of a problem
c. The state of being dissolved
d. Release; deliverance; discharge
111. What is the minimum number of lenses in multiple-element lens?
a. Nine
b. Two
c. Ninety-two
d. Twenty-nine
112. The word fuzzy in the fourth paragraph means:
a. Clear
b. Unclear

c. Exact
d. Precise
113. The word admitted in the sixth paragraph is closest in meaning to:
a. To permit to enter
b. To have room for; accommodate
c. To grant to be real, valid, or true; acknowledge
d. To make acknowledgment
Text 11 Question 114 through 123 refer to the following passage.
Lichens, of which more than twenty thousand species have been named, are
complex associations
between certain algae. The lichen itself is not an organism: rather it is the morphological
and biochemical
product of the association. Neither a fungus nor an alga alone can produce lichen.
The intimate relationship between these two living components of lichen was once
erroneously
though to represent mutualism. In mutual relationships, both participants benefit. With
lichens, however, it
appears the fungus actually parasitizes the algae. This is one of the conclusions drawn
from experiments in
which the two components of lichens were separated and grown apart.
In nature, lichen fungi may encounter and grow around saveral kinds of algae.
Some types of algae the fungi may kill; other types it may reject. Lichen algae are
autotrophic, meaning they make their own food
through photosynthesis. Lichen fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they depend upon the
algae within the
lichen to supply their food. Up to ninety percent of than food made by the green alga cell
is transferred to the
fungus. What, if anything, the fungus contributes to the association is not well
understood.
Lichens are hardly. The grow in many habitats and are often pioneers in hostile
environments where few other organisms can flourish.
They have been known to grow endolithically, having been discovered thriving
inside of rocks in Antartica. Lichen help reduce erosion by stabilizing soil. Saveral kinds of
insects glue lichens to their
exoskeletons for camouflage. Many species of birds use lichens as building materials for
nests. Human have

used lichens for dyes and antibiotics.

114. Which of the following best describes lichen association?
A. Simple plants made of two different autotrophic organims.
B. A mutual association between a fungus and an alga
C. A parasitic association between two fungi, one autotrophic, the second
autotrophic
D. A union between a parasitic fungus and an autotrophic alga
115. The word "hardly" in line 26 is clossest in meaning to
A. Tender
B. Durable
C. Armed
D. Beneficial

116. In Biology, mutualism occurs when two different organism live close together and
A. One organism parasitizes the other
B. Both organism benefit from the association
C. Both organism are harmed by the association
D. One organism benefits while the other does not or is harmed by the association

117. In line 7, the word "intimate" is nearest in meaning to

A. living
B. Extraordinary
C. Biological
D. Close

118. Lichen serves as camouflage for which of the following?

A. Insects
B. Birds
C. Reptiles
D. Mammals
119. The true nature of the relationship between the lichen components was clarified by

A. Examining lichens with a microscope

B. Observing lichens palced in the dark
C. Observing the lichen component when grown apart
D. Decreasing the amount of nutrients available to the lichens
120. In line 27, the word "hostile" is clossestnin the meaning to
A. Unusual
B. Cool
C. Untraveled
D. Inhospitable
121. An endolithic lichen is one that
A. Grows in the canopies of trees
B. Grows inside rocks
C. Grows at very high altitudes
D. Grows inside other organism, including other lichens
122. Many lichens contribute at the communities they in habits by
A. Removing pollutants from the air
B. Controlling wood-rotting fungi
C. Slowing the spread of viruses
D. Reducing soil erosion
123. In what part of the passage does the author indicate that scientists have changed
their previous position
on the make up to lichens?
A. Line 3-5
B. Line 7-9
C. Line 15-17
D. Line 25-27

Text 12 Question 124 through 133 are based on the following passage.
[ Sumber : TOEFL WORKSHOP in 30 minutes by BILLY ADAM, Ph.D ]
When buying a house, you must be sure to have it checked for termites. A termite
is much like an ant

in its communal habits, although physically the two insects are distinct.
Like those ants, termite colonies consist of different classes, each with its own
particular job. The
most perfectly formed termites, both male and female, make up the productive class.
They have eyes, hard
body walls and fully developed wings. A pair of reproductive termites founds the colony.
When new
reproductive termites develop, they leave to form another colony. They use their wings
only this on time and
then break them off.
The worker termites are small, blind and wingless, with soft bodies. They make up
the majority of the
colony and do all the work. Soldiers are eyeless and wingless but are larger than the
workers and have hard
heads and strong jaws and legs. They defend the colony and are cared for by the
workers.
The male and female of the reproductive class remain inside a closed-in cell when
the female lays
thousands of eggs. The workers place the eggs in cell and care for them. Even if one
colony is treated with
poison, if a male and female of the reproductive class escape, they can form a new
colony.
Pest control companies can inspect a house for infestation of termites. Often, of
lay person can not
spot the evidence, so it is critical to have the opinion of a proffesional. Treatments vary
depending
upon the type of termite.
124. How are termites like ants?
A. They live in communities, and each class has a specific duty
B. Their bodies are the same shape
C. The king and queen are imprisoned
D. The females' reproductive capacities are the same
125. The word "communal" in line 2 is closest in meaning to..
A. Eating
B. Reproducing

C. Organizational
D. Social
126. Which of the following is not true?
A. All termites have eyes
B. Some termites cannot fly
C. Workers are smaller than soldiers
D. Termites do not fly often
127. In line 2, the word "distinct" is closest in meaning to..
A. Similar
B. Different
C. Genetically related
D. Strong
128. In line 3, "classes" is closest in meaning to
A. Sexes
B. Colonies
C. Courses
D. Categories
129. Which of the following statements is probably true?
A. Thousands of termites may move together to develop a new colony
B. The male and female reproductions do not venture outdoors except to
form a new colony.
C. There are more soldiers than worker
D. A worker could easily kill a soldier
130. The word "found" in line 6 is nearest in meaning to
A. Establishes
B. Destroys
C. Control
D. Guards
131 The word "cell" in line 21 is nearest in meaning to
A. Combs

B. Rows
C. Compartments
D. Placenta
132. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. Termites Destroy Houses
B. Termites Work Well Together
C. The Habits and Physical Characteristics of Termites
D. The relationship of Soldier and Worker Termites
133. The word "each" in line 3 refers to
A. Ants
B. Colonies
C. Jobs
D. Classes
Text 13 Question 134 through 136 are based on the following passages. [ TOEIC PAGE
96 ]

Springdale Estate
Regulations
Regulations for
for Weddings
Weddings // Receptions
Receptions in
in Auerbach
Auerbach Hall
Hall or
or Gardens
Gardens
1.
1. The
The hall
hall and
and // or
or approved
approved areas
areas in
in the
the gardens
gardens of
of Springdale
Springdale Estate
Estate are
are
available
available for
for weddings
weddings and
and receptions
receptions during
during normal
normal operating
operating hours,
hours, while
while
the
the gardens
gardens arealso
arealso open
open to
to the
the public.Hours
public.Hours :: 8
8 A.M
A.M 8
8 P.M.
P.M.
2.
2. the
the cost
cost for
for a
a weddings
weddings or
or recpetions
recpetions is
is 8.00
8.00 per
per person.
person. If
If the
the reception
reception
includeds
includeds catering,
catering, the
the cost
cost will
will be
be an
an addtional
addtional 20.00
20.00 per
per person.
person.
3.
3. All
All persons
persons must
must depart
depart the
the Gardens
Gardens no
no later
later then
then the
the normal
normal closing
closing time.
time.
A
A late
late fee
fee of
of 75
75 per
per hour
hour will
will be
be charged
charged untill
untill all
all persons
persons have
have exited
exited the
the
property.
property.
4.
4. Rehearsal
Rehearsal :: If
If a
a rehearsal
rehearsal is
is planned
planned prior
prior to
to the
the wedding
wedding day,
day, no
no more
more than
than
10
persons
will
be
admitted
free.
10 persons will be admitted free.
5.
5. A
A security
security deposit
deposit of
of 100
100 must
must be
be made
made at
at least
least 30
30 days
days prior
prior to
to the
the
function.
This
deposit
will
be
refunded
provided
the
grounds
are
left
function. This deposit will be refunded provided the grounds are left free
free of
of
damage
damage and
and litter.
litter.
134. For whom are these instructions written?
A. People going to a business meeting
B. People planning to get married

C. People going to a late-night party

D. People planning to tour the garden
135. What is the cost per persons if no food is served?
A. 8.00
B. 20.00
C. 75.00
D. 100.00
136. For what reason would a security deposit not be refunded?
A. If the grounds were not left clean
B. If too many of people attented an event
C. If guests failed to leave before the closing time
D. If unauthorized areas of the estate were used
Text 13 Question 137 through 139 are based on the following business profile. [ TOEIC
PAGE 104 ]

Business Profile : Simon Technologies, Inc.

Location : Corporate headquarters in Chicago, manufacturing plants in Mexico City and
Taipei
Business : Design and manufacturer switches used on equipment such as microwave
ovens and gasoline pumps. Switches are custom-made for 80% of customers. Customers
are in twelve countries and include major manufacturers of cellular phones.
Employees : 150 in Chicago, 500 worldwide
Sales : Simon Technologies had $12.8 million in annual sales last year. Since then, sales
have increased about 20 % to over $38 million. Projected sales increase for the coming
year : 25 %.
History : Founded in 1979 as a division of H.A Grady Co. Became independent in 1995.
Future : The industry leader in design and manufacturing, Simon Technologies focuses
on being a world-class supplier of innovative products and on increasing annual growth

137. What does Simon Technologies produce ?

A. Switches
B. Microwave ovens

C. Gasoline pupms
D. Phones
138. In how many countries does Simon Technologies have facilities?
A. one
B. two
C. Three
D. Twelve
139. What percent increase of sales is predicted for the next year?
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 80%
D. 200%
Text 14 Question 140 is based on the following business profile. [ TEACH PAGE 196 ]
Although lie detectors are being used by goverments, police departements, and
business that all want guaranteed ways of detcting the truth, the results are not always
accurate. Lie detectors are properly called emotion detectors, for their aim is to measure
bodily changes contradict what a person says. The polygraph machine records changes
in heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and the electrical activity of the skin ( galvanic
skin responsure, or GSR). In the first part of the polygraph test, you are electronically
connected to the machine and asked a few neutral questions (Whats your name?
Where do you live?). Your physical reactions serve as the standard (baseline) for
evaluating what comes next. Then you are askeda few critical questions among the
neutral ones (When did you rob the bank?). the assumption is that if you are guilty,
your body will revel the truth, even if you try to deny it. Your heart rate, respiration, and
GSR will change abruptly as you respond to the incriminating questions.
That is the theory; but psychologist have found that lie detectors are simply not
reliable. Since most physical changes are the same across the emotions, machines
cannot tell whether you ere feeling guilty, angry, nervous, thrilled, or revved up from an
exciting day. Innocent people may be tense and nervous about the whole procedure.
They may react physiologically too a certain word (bank) not because they robbed it,
but because they recently bounced a check. In eiyher case the machine will record a
lie. The reserve mistake is also common. Some practiced liars can lie without flinching,
and others learn to beat the machine by tensing muscles or thinking about an exciting
experience during neutral questions.
140. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Lie detectors are very reliable
B. Innocent people are never found guilty
C. Psychologists never argue about anything

D. Most people cannot control their bodily reactions.

ANSWER KEY :
91.A

101.A

111.B

121.C

131.D

92.A

102.A

112.B

122.D

132.C

93C

103.C

113.C

123.C

133.D

94.C

104.C

114,B

124.A

134.B

95.D

105.D

115.B

125.D

135.A

96.B

106.B

116.B

126.B

136.A

97.C

107.C

117.D

127.B

137.A

98.A

108.A

118.A

128.D

138.D

99.D

109.D

119.C

129.B

139A

100.C

110.C

120.A

130.A

140.D