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Definitions
Gas mixtures are homogenous mixtures of
different gases or vapors. The multitude of
available substances gives rise to an almost
unlimited number of possible combinations.
However, the producibility of a gas mixture is
limited by chemical, physical and safety
restrictions. The components are the gases and
vapors making up a mixture. The carrier or
balance gas is the main component of a mixture.
The concentration can be expressed in different
measurement units. The amount of substance
(ppm) is often used, as this unit is pressure and
temperature independent. Also widespread are
volume content and mass concentration. These
pressure and temperature dependent units are
usually based on standard conditions of 0C and
1013 mbar.
Content
expressed
SI-Unit
Usual measures
Formulas
with:
Substance
content
mol/mol
Mol%
ppm
mol/mol (ppb)
ni
xi = ----------------nG
ni, Vi, mi,
nG, VG, mG
Volume
Mass
Mass
content
concentration
content
m/m
kg/m
kg/kg
Vol%
g/m
Wt%
vpm (ppmv)
mg/m
g/kg
l/m (ppbv)
g/m
mg/kg (ppmw)
Vi
mi
mi
i = ---------------- i = ----------------wi = ---------------VG
VG
mG
= quantity of material, volume, mass of component i
= quantity of material, volume, mass of mixture
Concentration
(ppm)
Mixture categories
In accordance with the different gas mixture
requirements, Messer offers the products in a
variety of mixture categories which define the
tolerance, accuracy and stability period:
Typ
Accuracy
(% rel.)
Tolerance
(% rel.)
Concentration
Stability
(months)
Tecline
no certificate
2-10 %
1-100%
Traceline
5%
10 %
5-1000 ppb
< 12
Labline
2%
5%
1 ppm-100 %
12
Topline
<1 %
<5 %
10 ppm-100%
12
Longlife option 24/36/60: prolonged stability period (24/36/60 months)
Accredited option: with calibration certificate from an ISO 17025 accredited laboratory
Tecline mixtures are supplied in accordance with
a standard specification without a certificate.
Typically, Tecline mixtures are used as operating
or process gases. The Labline category consists
of test gases with a certificate. The tolerance is
5% and the accuracy is usually 2%. For high
precision measuring work, we recommend
calibration with Topline mixtures with an
accuracy of better than 1%. For trace and ultratrace analysis, we offer the Traceline category
with concentrations in the ppb range.
Production of gas mixtures
Dynamic processes allow to carry out mass
production and filling of standard gas mixtures.
This involves controlling two or more volume
flows of components and carrier gas via mass
flow controllers, homogenizing them in a mixing
chamber, if necessary analyzing the mixture after
the mixing chamber and compressing it into the
cylinders. The composition of the mixtures in a
batch is identical within very low variances.
Dynamic production is therefore the method of
choice for standard mixtures (Tecline).
Gravimetric production
Homogenization
Certificates
All individually produced gas mixtures are
supplied with a certificate. This contains all the
important information regarding the mixture
components and the composition (content and
uncertainty) as well as the cylinder. In reduced
form, the certificate is attached as a label to each
mixed gas cylinder.
The information on the certificate is in
accordance with the relevant national regulations
of the individual European countries or the EN
ISO standard.
Accreditation
The reliability of the content information provided
on a certificate of a calibration gas is a crucial
quality criterion. The fact that our customers can
rely on our information has been confirmed by
independent experts: Messer has several of its
analytical laboratories accredited as test
laboratories by the relevant state authorities. In
Switzerland, for example, the relevant authority is
METAS (Metrology and Accreditation
Switzerland). An accreditation is a certification of
an analytical laboratorys professional
competence by independent experts. The basis
for this is the internationally recognized quality
standard EN ISO 17025. In addition to the
standard certificate from Messer, users can, on
request, receive a standard-compliant calibration
certificate from the accredited calibration
laboratory for many gas mixtures (Accredited
Option).