Microbiology/ Pathology Facts

By Hussein Alsharif on Saturday, May 2, 2015 at 9:26pm

Thanks to Hussein Alsharif, Doc Anu, Gurjeet Panag, Sally Witwit, Hema Verma:
* Pulmonary edema - left sided heart failure.
* Peripheral edema _ Right sided heart faliure.
* Bronchiostasis- Cystic fibrosis.
* Cystic fibrosis - dysfunction of exocrine glands.
* Chronic bronchitis- persistent cough+sputum production.
* Chronic bronchitis - Blue bloaters.
* Chronic myeloid leukemia- Philadelphia chromosome.
* Chronic inflammation- macrophages ( epetheliod cells and giant cells).
* Neurofibromatosis- ca fe an Laite spors.
* Squamous cell carcinoma- prickle cells and keratin pearls.
* Nematodes- marked eosinophilia.
* Hodgkin's disease- reed- sternberg cells.
* Ewing's sarcoma- small blue cells.
* Multiple myeloma - Cancer of plasma cells ( bone marrow ).
* Multiple myeloma - Bence Jones proteins
* Multiple myeloma - Russels n moot's body* Butterfly rash- systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
* Acute inflammation - neutrophils
* Ferruginous bodies-asbestosis
* Lipschutz body- hsv
* Civatte body- lichen planus
* Osteogenesis imperfecta - blue sclerae + brittle bones.
* Lewy body-Parkinson's ds.
* Negri body-rabies
* Erythema muliform_target lesion or iris or bullas lesion.
* Alberts bone Disease - brittle bones
* Spleen enlargement - myelofibrosis
* Bechet`s Disease - mouth sores ( chronic ) , skin blisters
* hemophilia A - deficiency of factor viii.
* Osteomalacia _ deficiency of vitamin D.
* Neurologic dysfunction - vitamin E def.
* Purpura (1) small- petechia (2) large- ecchymosis. deficiency of vitamin c.
* Beriberi -Vit B1 defficency.
* Pellagra - vit B3 deficiency.
* Acute gouty arthritis- uric acids deposits.
* Sever hemolytic disease - fetus has RH+ and mother RH--.
* Neiman-Pick disease - genetic defect in the enzyme sphingomyelinase.
* Tay.sachs disease- deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase.
* Addison`s disease - Increased melanin pigmentation.

* Albinism and vitiligo - Decreased melanin pigmentation.

* Diabetes insipidus - extreme thirst and excessive urine output.
* Acute pancreatitis - elevation of both enzymes lipase (more) and amylase.
* Osteoporosis - drop in estrogen ( women) at time of menopause/ drop in testosterone in men.
* Sickle cell anemia - abnormal type of Hemoglobin.
* Osteoarthritis - osteophyte ( bony spor ) formation.
* Primary hyperparathyroidism - adenoma
* Graves disease - Hyperthyroidism (exophthalmos) mostly women between 20-40.
* Plummers disease - Hyperthyroidism but (without exophthalmos) mostly between elderly.
* Hashimoto disease - hypothyroidism by a reaction of immune system against the thyroid gland.
* Cri du chat syn: cat like cry: chromosome 5 abnorality.
* Edwards Syn: micrognathia, pinched face:trisomy 18.
* Patau syn: cleft lip and palate: trisomy 13.
* Digeorge syn: chr 22: CATCH 22
* Tetanus: risus sardonicus,opisthotonus.
* Tetany: trausseaus sign and chvostek's sign.
* klienfielters syn: XXY.* Turners syn: XO.
* Pseudoparathyroidism - defective end-organ responsiveness to PTH.
* Nuclear pyknosis- irreversible cellular injury.
* Shock progressive stage- metabolic acidosis.
* SCID: absence of B and T cells
* Acromegaly: inc GH in adults
* Gigantism: inc GH in childhood before epiphysial closure.
* Hypovolemic shock - blood loss
* Lung abscess - most common cause aspiration of anaerobic bacteria.
* Emphysema- Cigarettes smoking.
* Emphysema - Pink puffer.
* Hepatitis B - DNA virus enveloped
* lung cancer - persistent cough.
* pheochromocytoma- Cardinal sign is persistent or paroxysmal hypertension.
* primary tubercle- Ghon tubercle.
* primary syphilis - non painful chancre.
* Secondary syphilis - maculopapular rash and condyloma lata
* Tretiary syphilis- gumma
* Myxedema - Extreme hypothyroidism.
* Kopliks Spot seen in early phase of measles (rubeola).
* Scarlet fever - Srawberry appearance.
* Gonorrehea - Nesseria gonorrehea. ( usually with Chlamydia/ Syphilis).
* Botulism - Clostriduim botuilum.
* Tetanus - Clostridium tetani.
* Gas gangrene - Clostridium perfrigens.
* Dephtheria - Corynebacterium dephthyria.
* Rheumatic fever - Streptococcus pyogens ( Group A ).

* Poorly controlled Diabetes - Mycormycosis.

* Hapatic Carcinoma - Asperigillus Species.
* lung infection ( valley fever) - coccidiomycosis. .
* Esophegeal Varices - Cirosis.
* Infectious monocleosis - The serum of the patient will agglutinate sheep red cells.
* Reckets - faliure of ostoid tissue to calcify.
* Megaloplastic anemia - folic acid deficiency.
* Prostate carcinoma and Bone metastasis - Serum acid phosphate.
* PAGET`S Disease of bones- serum alkaline phosphate.
* Anasarca - Generalised swelling or massive edema.
* Transudate - non inflamatory fluid ( edema ).
* Exudate - infalmatory fluid ( edema).
* Nephrolithiasis - most common from calcium stones.
* Hydronephrosis - Chronic urinary tract obstruction.
* Nephritic syndrome - Oval fat bodies ( protien).
* Nuclear pyknosis - irriversible cellular injury.
* Urticaria - Hives.--- skin reaction.
* Amyloidosis - Disorder of amyloid protien in plasma cells. ( unknown ).
* Malignancy - Metastasis.
* Benign - mobile / Malignant - Immovable.
* Teratoma - neoplasm derived from many layers.
* Carcinoma - malignant tumor originate of epithelial origin.
* Acites - liver disease.
* Coronary artery disease - Angina.
* Epistaxis ( nose bleeding ) - maxillary + facial.
* Ticks - Mountain spotted fever.
* Rheumatic fever and Glomerulonephritis - (Post- Steptococcal disease).
* Hematosis - Vomiting of blood.
* Bronchopneumonia - Patch distribution of lobular inflammation.
* precancerous - Actinic Keratosis.
* mucormycosis - ryphae growing.
* Mycobacteria - Mycolic Acid.
* Escherichia Coli - Elissa assay.
* Sever anaphylaxis - Epinephrine.
* Sever penicillinase - Methicillin.
* Recktecial Disease - Tetracyclin / Chloramphenicol.
* Kartagener syndrome is a hereditary syndrome- it's characterized by recurrentupper and lower
respiratory tract infections. ( dysfunction of cillium ).
Best of luck :)
* Mumps - Painful swelling in parotid gland.
* Measles - Skin rash with kapoliks spots.
* Influenza - complications include Reye`s syndrome
* Rubella - Flu-like symptoms and lymphodenapathy followed by rash.

* Pharyngitis - Inflamation of the pharynx.

* EBV - Infecious mononucleosis / Nasopharyngeal carcinoma / Burkitts lymphoma / Oral hairy
leukoplakia.
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