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Summer 2007
GCE
GCE Mathematics
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
** represents a constant
−3 −3 Takes 3 outside the bracket
⎛ 2x ⎞ 1 ⎛ 2x ⎞
= (3)
−3
f( x ) = (3 + 2 x ) −3
⎜1 + 3 ⎟ = ⎜ 1+ to give any of (3)−3 or 27
1
.
3 ⎟⎠
1. (a) B1
⎝ ⎠ 27 ⎝ See note below.
Expands (1 + * * x )−3 to
give a simplified or an un-
simplified M1;
⎧ ( −3)( −4) ( −3)( −4)( −5) ⎫ 1 + ( −3)(* * x) ;
= 1
27 ⎨1 + ( −3)(* * x); + (* * x)2 + (* * x)3 + ...⎬
⎩ 2! 3! ⎭ A correct simplified or an
un-simplified
with * * ≠ 1
{..........} expansion with A1
candidate’s followed thro’
(* * x )
⎧ 8x 2 80 3 ⎫
= 1
27 ⎨1 − 2x + − x + ...⎬
⎩ 3 27 ⎭
Anything that
1 2x 8x 2 80x 3 cancels to 1 − 2x ; A1;
= − ;+ − + ... 27 27
27 27 81 729
Simplified 8x 2
81
− 80x3
729 A1
[5]
5 marks
⎧ −3 −4 ( −3)( −4) −5 ⎫
⎪(3) + ( −3)(3) (2x); + (3) (2x)2 ⎪
⎪ 2! ⎪
=⎨ ⎬
⎪ ( −3)( −4)( − 5) ⎪
+ (3)−6 (2x)3 + ...
⎪⎩ 3! ⎪⎭
⎧⎪ 271 + ( −3)( 81
1
)(2x); + (6)( 243
1
)(4x 2 )⎫⎪
=⎨ ⎬
⎪⎩ + ( −10)( 729
1
)(8x 3 ) + ... ⎪⎭
Anything that
1 2x 8x 2 80x 3 cancels to 1 − 2x ; A1;
= − ;+ − + ... 27 27
27 27 81 729
Simplified 8x 2
81
− 80x3
729 A1
[5]
5 marks
If you feel the mark scheme does not apply fairly to a candidate please escalate the response up to your team leader.
1
2x
2.
∫
0
(2 + 1)
x 2
dx , with substitution u = 2 x
du dx 1 du
= 2x.ln 2 or du
= u.ln 2
= 2 x.ln 2 ⇒ = x dx dx
B1
dx du 2 .ln 2 or ( ) 1
u
du
dx
= ln 2
⎛ 1 ⎞
∫ (u + 1)
2x
∫ ∫ (u + 1)
1 1
dx = ⎜ ⎟ du k du
M1 ∗
(2 + 1)
2
⎝ ln 2 ⎠
x 2 2
where k is constant
1 2
2x 1 ⎡ −1 ⎤
∫
0
(2 + 1)
x 2
dx =
ln 2 ⎢⎣ (u + 1) ⎥⎦ 1
1 − −
=
1 1 1 1 1
6ln2 or ln4 ln8 or 2ln2 3n2 A1 aef
6 ln 2
Exact value only! [6]
Alternatively candidate can revert back to x …
1 1
2x 1 ⎡ −1 ⎤
∫
0
(2 + 1)
x 2
dx =
ln 2 ⎢⎣ (2 x + 1) ⎥⎦ 0
1
= 1
6ln2 or 1
ln4
− 1
ln8 or 1
2ln2
− 1
3ln2 A1 aef
6 ln 2
Exact value only!
6 marks
⎧⎪u = x ⇒ ddux = 1 ⎫⎪
3. (a) ⎨ dv ⎬
⎩⎪ dx = cos 2 x ⇒ v = 2 sin 2 x ⎭⎪
1
sin 2 x → − 21 cos 2 x
= 1
2
x sin 2x − 1
2 (− 1
2
cos 2x ) + c or sin kx → − k1 cos kx dM1
with k ≠ 1 , k > 0
= 1
2
x sin 2 x + 1
4
cos 2 x + c Correct expression with +c A1
[4]
Substitutes correctly
∫ ∫ ( ) dx
cos2 x + 1
(b) x cos2 x dx = x 2 for cos2 x in the M1
given integral
∫ ∫
1 1
= x cos 2 x dx + x dx
2 2
1
1⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 ( their answer to (a)) ;
∫
1
= ⎜ x sin 2 x + cos 2 x ⎟ ; + x dx 2 A1;
2⎝2 4 ⎠ 2
or underlined expression
7 marks
Notes:
(b) Int =
∫ x cos 2x dx = 1
2
x sin 2 x ±
∫ 1
2
sin 2 x.1 dx This is acceptable for M1 M1
⎪⎧u = x ⇒ ddux = 1 ⎪⎫
⎨ dv ⎬
⎩⎪ dx = cos 2 x ⇒ v = λ sin 2 x ⎭⎪
∫ x cos 2x dx ∫
Int = = λ x sin 2 x ± λ sin 2 x.1 dx This is also
M1
acceptable for M1
⎧⎪u = x ⇒ ddux = 1 ⎫⎪ … or
⎨ dv 1 1 ⎬
u = x and dv
= 21 cos 2 x + 1
⎩⎪ dx = 2 cos 2 x + 2 ⇒ v = 4 sin 2 x + x⎪
1 1 dx 2
2 ⎭
= 1
4
x sin 2 x + 1
2
x2 −
∫( 1
4
sin 2 x + 1
2
x ) dx
1
= 1
x sin 2 x + 1
x 2 + 81 cos 2 x − 41 x 2 + c ( their answer to (a)) ; A1
4 2 2
or underlined expression
Substitutes correctly
∫ ∫ ( )
Aliter (b) x cos 2 x dx = x 2 cos2 x − 1 dx
Way 3 for cos 2x in
∫ x cos 2x dx M1
∫
⇒ 2 x cos2 x dx −
∫ x dx = 1
2
x sin 2 x + 1
4
cos 2 x + c
1
1⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 ( their answer to (a)) ;
∫ ∫
1
⇒ x cos x dx = ⎜ x sin 2 x + cos 2 x ⎟ ; +
2
x dx 2 A1;
2⎝2 4 ⎠ 2 or underlined expression
7 marks
4 B C
≡ +
(2 x + 1)(2 x − 1) (2 x + 1) (2 x − 1)
Let x = − 21 , 4 = − 2B ⇒ B = −2
See note below
either one of B = − 2 or C = 2 A1
Let x = 21 , 4 = 2C ⇒ C =2
both B and C correct A1
[4]
Aliter
2(4 x 2 + 1) B C
4. (a) ≡ A+ +
(2 x + 1)(2 x − 1) (2 x + 1) (2 x − 1)
Way 2
decide to award B1 here!! …
See below for the award of B1 … for A = 2 B1
Let x = − 21 , 4 = − 2B ⇒ B = −2
See note below
either one of B = − 2 or C = 2 A1
Let x = 21 , 4 = 2C ⇒ C =2
both B and C correct A1
[4]
2(4 x 2 + 1)
∫ ∫ 2 − (2x + 1) + (2x − 1) dx
2 2
4. (b) dx =
(2 x + 1)(2 x − 1)
2
2(4 x 2 + 1)
∫ dx = [ 2 x − ln(2 x + 1) + ln(2 x − 1)] 1
2
(2 x + 1)(2 x − 1)
1
= 2 + ln 3 + ln 3 − ln 5
⎛9⎞ ⎛9⎞
= 2 + ln ⎜ ⎟ 2 + ln ⎜ ⎟ A1
⎝5⎠ ⎝5⎠
Or 2 − ln ( 59 ) and k stated as 9
5
. [6]
10 marks
Some candidates may find rational values for B To award this M1 mark, the candidate
and C. They may combine the denominator of must use the appropriate law(s) of
their B or C with (2x +1) or (2x – 1). Hence: logarithms for their ln terms to give a
Either b(2ax −1) → k ln(b(2 x − 1)) or one single logarithmic term. Any error
a
b (2 x +1)
→ k ln(b(2 x + 1)) is okay for M1. in applying the laws of logarithms
would then earn M0.
⎛1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛2⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 0 ⎟ + λ ⎜ 1⎟ = ⎜ 3 ⎟ + µ ⎜ 1 ⎟
⎜ −1⎟ ⎜0⎟ ⎜6⎟ ⎜ −1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
i : 1 + λ = 1 + 2µ (1)
Writes down any two of these equations
Any two of j : λ=3+ µ (2) M1
correctly.
k: −1 = 6 − µ (3)
or for example:
this type of explanation is also allowed
checking eqn (3), LHS = -1 , RHS = 3 for B1 .
⇒ Lines l1 and l2 do not intersect
[4]
Aliter
5. (a) k : −1 = 6 − µ ⇒ µ=7
Uses the k component to find µ
Way 2
i: 1 + λ = 1 + 2µ ⇒ 1 + λ = 1 + 2(7) and substitutes their value of µ
into either one of the i or j component. M1
j: λ=3+ µ ⇒ λ = 3 + (7)
i : 1 + λ = 1 + 2µ (1)
Any two of j : λ=3+ µ (2) Writes down any two of these equations M1
k: −1 = 6 − µ (3)
Aliter
i : 1 + λ = 1 + 2µ (1)
5. (a) Any two of j : λ=3+ µ (2) Writes down any two of these equations M1
Way 4 k: −1 = 6 − µ (3)
⎛5⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛3⎞ ⎛ −3 ⎞
uuur uuur uuur ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ uuur ⎜ ⎟ Finding the difference between their
uuur uuur
AB = OB − OA = ⎜ 5 ⎟ − ⎜ 1 ⎟ = ⎜ 4 ⎟ or BA = ⎜ −4 ⎟ OB and OA . M1
⎜ 4 ⎟ ⎜ −1⎟ ⎜ 5 ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ −5 ⎠ (can be implied)
cos θ = 7
10
7
10 or 0.7 or 7
100 A1 cao
but not 7 [6]
50 2
10 marks
Candidates can score this mark if there is a complete method for finding the
dot product between their vectors in the following cases:
uuur
Case 1: their ft ± AB = ± ( 3 i + 4 j + 5k ) Case 2: d 1 = i + j + 0k Case 3: d 1 = i + j + 0k
and d 1 = i + j + 0k and d 2 = 2i + j − 1k and d 2 = 2(2i + j − 1k )
⎛3 + 4 + 0⎞ 2 + 1+ 0 4+2+0
⇒ cos θ = ± ⎜⎜ ⇒ cos θ = ⇒ cos θ =
⎟⎟ 2. 6 2 . 24
⎝ 50 . 2 ⎠
uuur uuur
Case 4: their ft ± AB = ± ( 3 i + 4 j + 5k ) Case 5: their ft OA = 2 i + 1j − 1k
uuur
and d 2 = 2i + j − k and their ft OB = 5 i + 5 j + 4k
⎛6 + 4 − 5⎞ ⎛ 10 + 5 − 4 ⎞
⇒ cos θ = ± ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⇒ cos θ = ± ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 50 . 6 ⎠ ⎝ 6 . 66 ⎠
Note: If candidate use cases 2, 3, 4 and 5 they cannot gain the final three marks for this part.
Note: Candidate can only gain some/all of the final three marks if they use case 1.
Example Marks
50 . 2 cos θ = ± ( 3 + 4 + 0 ) M1M1A1
(Case 1)
2 . 6 cos θ = 3 M1M0A0
(Case 2)
2 . 24 cos θ = 4 + 2 M1M0A0
(Case 3)
dx dy dx dy
= 2(tan t ) sec 2 t , = cos t Correct and B1
dt dt dt dt
± cos t
M1
dy cos t ⎛ cos t ⎞ 4
their ddxt
∴ = ⎜= ⎟
dx 2 tan t sec 2 t ⎝ 2 sin t ⎠ + cos t
A1
their ddxt
[3]
1 1 1
1 2
= 2
= 2
= 2
= =
( ) ()
2 any of the five underlined expressions or
2.(1) 1 2.(1)(2) 4 2 8 B1 aef
2.(1) 1
1
1
2
awrt 0.18
2
T: y = 1
4 2
x+ 3
4 2
or y= 8
2
x + 3 82 Correct simplified
A1 aef cso
EXACT equation of tangent
or 1
2
= 1
4 2
(1) + c ⇒ c = 1
2
− 1
4 2
= 3
4 2
Hence T: y = 1
4 2
x+ 3
4 2
or y= 8
2
x+ 3 2
8
[5]
sin2 t
6. (c) x = tan2 t = y = sin t
cos2 t
Way 1
sin2 t
x= Uses cos2 t = 1 − sin2 t M1
1 − sin2 t
x (1 − y 2 ) = y 2 ⇒ x − xy 2 = y 2
x x
y2 = A1
1+ x 1+ x
[4]
Aliter
6. (c) 1 + cot 2 t = co sec 2 t Uses 1 + cot 2 t = co sec 2 t M1
Way 2
1 1
= Uses cos ec 2 t = M1 implied
sin2 t sin2 t
1 x 1 x
Hence, y 2 = 1 − or 1− or A1
(1 + x ) 1+ x (1 + x ) 1+ x
[4]
1
is an acceptable response for the final accuracy A1 mark.
1+ x1
1 1
= Uses sec 2 t = M1
cos2 t cos2 t
1
=
1 − sin2 t
1 x 1 x
Hence, y 2 = 1 − or 1− or A1
(1 + x ) 1+ x (1 + x ) 1+ x
[4]
Aliter
6. (c) y 2 = sin2 t = 1 − cos 2 t Uses sin2 t = 1 − cos2 t M1
Way 4
1 1
= 1− Uses cos2 t = M1
sec 2 t sec 2 t
1
= 1− then uses sec 2 t = 1 + tan2 t ddM1
(1 + tan2 t )
1 x 1 x
Hence, y 2 = 1 − or 1− or A1
(1 + x ) 1+ x (1 + x ) 1+ x
[4]
1
is an acceptable response for the final accuracy A1 mark.
1+ x1
M1
Draws a right-angled triangle and places
(1 + x ) both x and 1 on the triangle
x
x x
Hence, y 2 = A1
1+ x 1+ x
[4]
12 marks
1
is an acceptable response for the final accuracy A1 mark.
1+ x1
There are so many ways that a candidate can proceed with part (c). If a candidate produces a correct
solution then please award all four marks. If they use a method commensurate with the five ways as
detailed on the mark scheme then award the marks appropriately. If you are unsure of how to apply the
scheme please escalate your response up to your team leader.
π π 3π π
x 0 16 8 16 4
7. (a)
y 0 0.445995927… 0.643594252… 0.817421946… 1
Enter marks into ePEN in the correct order. 0.446 or awrt 0.44600 B1
awrt 0.64359 B1
awrt 0.81742 B1
0 can be [3]
implied
Outside brackets
1
2
× 16π or 32
π B1
For structure of trapezium
1 π
(b)
Way 1
Area ≈ ×
2 16
{
; × 0 + 2 ( 0.44600 + 0.64359 + 0.81742 ) + 1} { }
rule ............. ;
M1
Correct expression
inside brackets which all must
be multiplied by h2 . A1
π
= × 4.81402... = 0.472615308... = 0.4726 (4dp) for seeing 0.4726 A1 cao
32
[4]
π B1
and a divisor of 2 on all
{ }
0 + 0.44600 0.44600 + 0.64359 0.64359 + 0.81742 0.81742 + 1 16
Area ≈ π
16
× 2
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2 terms inside brackets.
One of first and last ordinates,
Aliter
two of the middle ordinates
(b) M1
which is equivalent to: inside brackets ignoring the 2.
Way 2
Correct expression inside
1 π brackets if 21 was to be
Area ≈ ×
2 16
{
; × 0 + 2 ( 0.44600 + 0.64359 + 0.81742 ) + 1} factorised out.
A1
π
= × 2.40701... = 0.472615308... = 0.4726 0.4726 A1 cao
16
[4]
Area = 1
2
× π
20
× {0 + 2(0.44600 + 0.64359 + 0.81742) + 1} = 0.3781, gains B0M1A1A0
In (a) for x = π
16
writing 0.4459959… then 0.45600 gains B1 for awrt 0.44600 even though 0.45600 is incorrect.
In (b) you can follow though a candidate’s values from part (a) to award M1 ft, A1 ft
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
∫( )
4 4
Volume = (π ) (π ) ∫ tan x dx
2
7. (c) tan x dx = Can be implied. M1
0 0
Ignore limits and (π )
tan x → ln sec x
= (π ) [ln sec x ] 04 or = (π ) [ − ln cos x ] 04
π π
A1
or tan x → − ln cos x
= π ⎡ln
⎢⎣ ( ) − ln ( )⎤⎥⎦ = π ⎡⎣ln
1
1
2
1
1
2 − ln1⎤
⎦
or
= π ⎡ − ln
⎣ ( ) − ln (1)⎤⎦
1
2
π ln 2 or π ln 2
2
= π ln 2 or π ln 2
2
or 1
2
π ln 2 or −π ln ( ) or
1
2
π
2
ln ( 21 ) or 1
2
π ln 2 or −π ln ( )1
2
A1 aef
or π
2
ln ( 21 )
must be exact. [4]
11 marks
If a candidate gives the correct exact answer and then writes 1.088779…, then such a candidate can
be awarded A1 (aef). The subsequent working would then be ignored. (isw)
Beware: In part (c) the factor of π is not needed for the first three marks.
Beware: In part (b) a candidate can also add up individual trapezia in this way:
( )
Area ≈ 21 . 16π ( 0 + 0.44600 ) + 21 . 16π ( 0.44600 + 0.64359 ) + 21 . 16π 0.64359 + 0.81742 + 21 . 16π ( 0.81742 + 1)
dP
8. (a) = kP and t = 0, P = P0 (1)
dt
∫P ∫ k dt on either
dP
∫ ∫
dP and
= k dt M1
P
side with integral signs not
necessary.
( or )
to attempt to find the constant of M1
P = Ae kt ⇒ P0 = A integration.
ln P = kt + ln P0 ⇒ eln P = e kt + ln P0 = e kt .eln P0
Hence, P = P0 e kt P = P0 e kt A1
[4]
⇒ t = 1
2.5
ln 2 = 0.277258872... days
awrt t = 399 or
t = 399min or t = 6 hr 39 mins (to nearest minute) A1
6 hr 39 mins
[3]
P = P0 e kt written down without the first M1 mark given scores all four marks in part (a).
dP
8. (c) = λP cos λ t and t = 0, P = P0 (1)
dt
∫P ∫ λ cos λt dt on
dP
∫ ∫
dP and
= λ cos λ t dt M1
P
either side with integral signs
not necessary.
( or )
to attempt to find the constant of M1
P = Ae sin λt ⇒ P0 = A integration.
t = 1
2.5
sin−1 ( ln 2 ) Then rearranges
dM1
to make t the subject.
(must use sin-1)
t = 0.306338477...
awrt t = 441 or
t = 441min or t = 7 hr 21 mins (to nearest minute) A1
7 hr 21 mins
[3]
14 marks
P = P0 e sin λt written down without the first M1 mark given scores all four marks in part (c).
dP
= kP and t = 0, P = P0 (1)
dt
∫ kP ∫ dt on either side
Aliter dP
∫ ∫
dP and
8. (a) = 1 dt M1
Way 2 kP
with integral signs not
necessary.
1
Must see ln P and t ;
ln P = t ; ( + c )
k
1
k Correct equation with/without + A1
c.
When t = 0, P = P0 ⇒ 1
k
ln P0 = c Use of boundary condition (1)
( or )
to attempt to find the constant of M1
P = Ae kt ⇒ P0 = A integration.
1
k
ln P = t + k1 ln P0 ⇒ ln P = kt + ln P0
⇒ eln P = e kt + ln P0 = e kt .eln P0
Hence, P = P0 e kt P = P0 e kt A1
[4]
∫ ∫ dt on either side
Aliter dP
∫ ∫ 1 dt
dP and
8. (a) = kP M1
Way 3 kP
with integral signs not
necessary.
Must see 1
ln ( kP ) and t ;
ln ( kP ) = t ; ( + c )
k
1
k Correct equation with/without + A1
c.
1
k
ln ( kP ) = t + k1 ln ( kP0 ) ⇒ ln ( kP ) = kt + ln ( kP0 )
ln( kP ) kt + ln( kP0 ) ln( kP0 )
⇒e =e = e kt .e
⇒ kP = e kt . ( kP0 ) ⇒ kP = kP0 e kt
( or kP = kP0 e kt )
Hence, P = P0 e kt P = P0 e kt A1
[4]
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
∫ λP and ∫ cos λt dt on
Aliter dP
∫ ∫
dP
8. (c) = cos λ t dt M1
Way 2 λP
either side with integral signs
not necessary.
Must see λ
1
ln P and 1
λ sin λ t ;
λ ln P = λ sin λ t ; ( + c )
1 1
Correct equation with/without + A1
c.
When t = 0, P = P0 ⇒ 1
λ ln P0 = c Use of boundary condition (1)
( or )
sin λ t to attempt to find the constant of M1
P = Ae ⇒ P0 = A integration.
1
λ ln P = 1
λ sin λ t + λ1 ln P0 ⇒ ln P = sin λ t + ln P0
P = P0 e kt written down without the first M1 mark given scores all four marks in part (a).
P = P0 e sin λt written down without the first M1 mark given scores all four marks in part (c).
dP
= λ P cos λ t and t = 0, P = P0 (1)
dt
∫ λP and ∫ cos λt dt on
Aliter dP
∫ ∫
dP
8. (c) = cos λ t dt M1
Way 3 λP
either side with integral signs
not necessary.
Must see 1
λ ln ( λ P ) and
1
ln ( λ P ) = 1
sin λ t ; ( + c )
1
λ sin λ t ; A1
λ λ
Correct equation with/without +
c.
When t = 0, P = P0 ⇒ 1
λ ln ( λ P0 ) = c Use of boundary condition (1)
( or λ P = Ae sin λt ⇒ λP0 = A )
to attempt to find the constant of M1
integration.
1
λ ln ( λ P ) = λ
1
sin λ t + λ1 ln ( λ P0 )
⇒ ln ( λ P ) = sin λ t + ln ( λ P0 )
⇒ λ P = e sin λt . ( λ P0 )
( or λ P = λ P0 e sin λt )
• Note: dM1 denotes a method mark which is dependent upon the award of the previous method mark.
ddM1 denotes a method mark which is dependent upon the award of the previous two method marks.
depM1 ∗ denotes a method mark which is dependent upon the award of M1∗ .
ft denotes “follow through”
cao denotes “correct answer only”
aef denotes “any equivalent form”