(7-1)

KK

K K
K
K

(7-2)
Luminous flux(7-2-1)

EF)E F

ELmFELumenFK
WEwattF

or

1 Lumen = 0.0016 watt

1 watt
= 681 Lumen

(7-1)
(7-2)

- -

Solid angle(7-2-2)

W
(7.1)E F

= A2 steradian
r

(7 3)
ZAW
Z r
Zc

(sr) (steradian)

F(steradian)
EA=r2 = 1

KA

4 (st)
2
EF A = 4 r
A

E7.1F
(Candela)(7-2-3)

(candela power) (cd)

(Luminous intensity) (cp)

- -

(Lumen)(7-2-4)

K (Lm)

E
F

KEF(steradian)
K (7.2)

(7.2)

(Quantity of light)(7-2-5)

EF Q

Q = .t

(7 4)

Lm.hr

- -

ELm-hrF J

E JF

(Luminous intensity)(7-2-6)

E F(I)

=
Lm/sr (candela)
(5 5)

K MSCP( mean spherical candela power)

(Illumination)(7-2-7)

E F (E)
=

W
(7 6)

Lux

(Lux = lm/m2)

(Luminance)(7-2-8)

(L)

L=
S

(7 7)

cd m 2

m2 Z SW
(7-3)
(7-6)

- -

= r2
= = 2 = 2
r r
= 2
r

(7 8)

cd
m

(7 9)

Lux

(7 10)

Lux

(7 11)

(7.3)

(7.4)

(7-10)

E=1/9 Lux
E= 1/4 Lux
E=1 Lux

1m
2m
3m

B =

Cos 1

(7.3)
(5 12)

d
Cos3 1
B =
2
h

(5 13)

- -

1
h

(7.4)

PZEp

(7-3-1)
EF

5 m10 m

K 200 cd
K

K2

=
L1

Cos
(L1 C)

1
2

- -

L2

L1

L3

L4

5m

B
C
10 m

5m

5m

10 m

(7.5)
2
2
L1 C = 5 +15 =15.8 m

L1 =

Cos 1 = 5 /15.8

200 x 5 /15.8 = 0.253 Lux

2
15.8
Cos 2
=
L 2
2
(L2 C)

2
2
L2 C = 5 + 5 = 5 2 m

L 2 =

C os 2 =

1
2

200 x1/ 2 = 2.83 Lux

2
(5 2 )
= E L 1 + E L 2= 0.253 + 2.83 = 3.08 Lux

= 2 x 3.08 =6.16 Lux

- -

(2)

B400 cdA200 cd 100 m

K20 mB10 mA
K

L2

L1
20 m

10 m

50 m

50 m

(7.6)

2
2
(L1 C) = 10 + 50 =51 m

L1 =

Cos 1 = 10 / 51

200 x10 / 51 = 0.0151 Lux

2
51

(L2C) = 20 2 + 50 2 = 53.9 m

Cos 2 = 20 / 53.9

400 x 20 / 53.9 = 0.051 Lux

2
53.9
= EL1 + E L 2= 0.0151 + 0.051= 0.066 Lux

L 2 =

- -

(7-4)

KK
K

W (Filament lamps)
Incandescent lamps

Tungsten halogen lamps J

Reflection lamps J

(Gas-discharge lampsF J
Fluorescent lamps

Low pressure sodium lamps (SOX)

J
High pressure sodium lamps (HPS)
J
High pressure mercury lamps (HPM)
Metal halide lamps J
(Incandescent lamps)( 7-4-1)

(7.7)
K

lm/w21
KK

- -

(7.7)

(Mercury lamps)(7-4-2)

(bulb)

EF

K
K (7.8) (Fluorescent-mercury lamps)

(7.8)

(Fluorescent lamps) (7-4-3)

(ballast)(7.9)

(7.11)K(7.10)
- -

(7.9)

(7.10)

(Road lighting)(7-5)

K
K

- -

(7-5-1)
W
(Series system) J

(constant-current transformer)

(7.13)
W

13.2kV 2.4 kV

K 6.6,7.5,15,20

1%F

E20%

EMultiple systemF J

K(7.14)

- -

(7.11)
- -

(7.12)
200 watt

(7.13)
- -

(7.14)

(7-5-2)

(7.15)

c 3
p = 2 cos
nh

(714)
PZ p

C PZ c

Zn

Zh

(7.16)EIsolux diagramF
Kh

- -

p = r

an
2
h

(7 15)

P J r
Zn

Za

Zh

P(7.15)

p
=
av N

(716)
Z p W
ZN
- -

(7.16)

n
av = W S

(7 17)
W

ZW

ZS

=
- -

K(7.17b)

h J
0.075Z h
4
0.32Z 3 h
2

= 0.0725+0.32= 0.395
2 1 J

(7.17a)

= tan

h
0
=14
4h
1 3h
0
= tan
= 56.5
2
2h
1

(7.17c)

0.075Z 1 = 14o

0.32Z 2 = 56..5o

= 0.0725+0.32= 0.395

(7.17a)

- -

(7.17b)

(7.17c)

(7.17)

E3F

10 m (7.18)

(7.19)4000 Lm
a=0.187 P

- -

(0.6h) 6 mP

(7.19)EA-AF
h

20 m

L1

L2

6m
P
5m

L3
10 m

(7.18)

Ep = EL1+ EL2 + EL3

=3%+53%+13%
=69%

L1 to P =25 m =2.5h
L2 to P =5 m =0.5 h
L3 to P = 15 m= 1.5 h
(7.19)
EL1 = 3% of Emax
EL2 = 53% of Emax
EL3 = 13% of Emax
P

a
max = 2
h
= 0.187 x 40000
= 74.8
2
10

L ux

Ep =0.69 x 74.8= 51.6 Lux

- -

E7.19F

E4F

(7.20)

10 m 0.2(Emax / Emin )
(7.21)

12.5 m
10 m

(7.20)
- -

(7.21)

(7.20) (10/10)hB-B (2.5/10) hA-A

WL1 L2
min (L1) + min (L2) 0.2 max

0.1 max
a, A-A , B-B %

Kb
b

S/2 = 1.5h
S=3h
=30 meters
- -

E5F

2.5 mm10
W40000Lm
(7.22) J

(7.22) J

(7.22) J

(7.17b) J

01.25h = 0.3
00.5h = 0.17

0.5h1.25h = 0.3 0.17 = 0.13

W

30 m

-2.5
-025h

0
0

5m
0.25

12.5 m
1.25h

(7.22)

av = W S
0.13 40000 = 23.1 Lux
av = 7.5 30

- -

(7.17b) J

00.25h = 0.075

00.5h = 0.17

0 . 25

h 0 .5 h

= 0 . 075 + 0 . 17 = 0 . 245

av = W S W
0.245 40000 = 43.5 Lux
av =
7.5 30

J
av = 23.1+ 43.5= 66.6 Lux

E JF

F (7-1)

E90 cm70)
W
J

EF(7-6-1)

n LLF
A

( 7 18 )
Lm/m2 ZEW

m2ZA

Z
- -

ZLLF

Zn

W(7-18)

(7-1)W
K

(7.22)
W

- -

(7-1)

EF

1000
20
500
50
300
100
2000
300
1000
300
1000
200
30
1000
5
300
1000
10000
300
30

300
1000

EF

- -

300
300
1000
150
300
300
500
70
1500
100
100
300
700
200
1500
2000
300
1000
1000
300
200

J





J



J


J



J

200
200
300
150
300
500
1000
10000
1000
500
500
300
1000
500
700
1000

300
70
1000
1000

300
300
200
300
200
750
300
700
500
500
700
700
700

800
300
300

(7-1)

- -

EF
70

1000
1000
750
1000
1200
400
500
200
700

EF
300

300

3000

700

300

10
150
500

500

100

EF

100

250

100

300

750

500

500

700

EF

100

- -

hCC

hRC

hFC

CCR

E7.22F

= 5 h cc L + W
L xW

RCR = 5 h RC L + W
L xW
FCR = 5 h FC L + W
L xW
CCR h CC W

RCR h RC

FCR h Fc

- -

W
N= A
LLF

(7-6-2)
E6F

15 8 m x 12 m

K 1600 Lm 100 Lm/m2

15 x 1600 = 24000 Lm

8 x12 x100 = 9600 Lm

= 9600/24000 = 40%

(7)

12

80 W 12150W

25% J

40 Lm/W, 15 Lm/W J
J

12X 150 = 1800 W

12(80 + 0.25X80) = 1200 W

1800 1200 = 600 W

- -

A
1 =

12 X150 X15 = 27000 / Lm

m2

2 = 12 X 80 X 40 = 38400 / Lm m 2

= 38400 27000 = 0.42 or 42%

27000

E8F

1000 W 120m x 60m

40 % 12

1000 Lm/m2

K.30 Lm/w

= 120 X 60 = 7200 m2

= 7200 X 1000 = 7.2 X 106 Lm

40 %

= 7.2 X 106 /0.4 =18 X 106 Lm

=18X 106 / 12 = 1.5 X 106 Lm

= 30X 1000 = 3 X 104 Lm

=

1.5X 106 / 3 X 104 = 50

- -

EF

30 m x 20 mX8m

144 Lm/ m2 5 m

1Z J0.75Z J0.6Z J

300 watt 13 Lm/wattZ J

500 watt 16 Lm/wattZ J

= E.
.p
= 30 X20 X 144 =192000
Lm
0.6 X 0.75
= 500 X 16 = 8000 Lm500 W

= 192000/8000 =24500 W

= 300 X 13 = 3900 Lm 300 W

= 192000/3900 =49300 W

300W

m 5 6 4 500W
(7.23)

5 m

30 m

(7.23)

- -