WHOModelList

of
EssentialMedicines

19thList
(April2015)
(AmendedAugust2015)

Statusofthisdocument

ThisisareprintofthetextontheWHOMedicineswebsite

http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/

Thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.
Theresponsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.Innoeventshallthe
WorldHealthOrganizationbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse.

19thedition

WHOModelListofEssentialMedicines(April2015)
Explanatorynotes
Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthemost
efficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsareselectedonthe
basisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafeandcosteffective
treatment.

Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecializeddiagnostic
ormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingareneeded.Incaseofdoubt
medicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecost
effectivenessinavarietyofsettings.

Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithina
pharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthebest
evidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatislicensedfor
marketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethere
isnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerally
availableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugpriceinformationsources.Notallsquareboxesare
applicabletomedicineselectionforchildrenseethesecondEMLcfordetails.

Therapeuticequivalenceisindicatedonlyonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhenconsistent
withWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilarsymbolandshouldbespecificintheir
finalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.

Theasymbolindicatesthatthereisanageorweightrestrictiononuseofthemedicine;detailsforeach
medicinecanbefoundinTable1.1.

Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttothecomplementarylistitsignifiesthatthemedicine(s)require(s)
specialistdiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingfor
theiruseinchildren.

Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttoanindividualmedicineorstrengthofmedicineitsignifiesthatthere
isaspecificindicationforrestrictingitsusetochildren.

ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceuticalquality.It
istheresponsibilityoftherelevantnationalorregionaldrugregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateach
productisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthat,whenrelevant,different
productsareinterchangeable.

ForrecommendationsandadviceconcerningallaspectsofthequalityassuranceofmedicinesseetheWHO
Medicineswebsitehttp://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance.

Medicinesanddosageformsarelistedinalphabeticalorderwithineachsectionandthereisnoimplication
ofpreferenceforoneformoveranother.Standardtreatmentguidelinesshouldbeconsultedforinformation
onappropriatedosageforms.
ThemaintermsusedfordosageformsintheEssentialMedicinesListcanbefoundinTable1.2.

Definitionsofmanyofthesetermsandpharmaceuticalqualityrequirementsapplicabletothedifferent
categoriesarepublishedinthecurrenteditionofTheInternationalPharmacopoeia
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia.

EssentialMedicines
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19thedition

1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
1.1.1 Inhalational medicines
halothane

Inhalation.

isoflurane

Inhalation.

nitrousoxide

Inhalation.

oxygen

Inhalation (medicinalgas).

1.1.2 Injectable medicines

ketamine

Injection:50mg(ashydrochloride)/ mL in10mLvial.
Injection:10 mg/ mL;20 mg/ mL.

propofol*

*Thiopentalmaybeusedasanalternativedependingonlocal
availabilityandcost.

1.2 Local anaesthetics

Injection: 0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.
bupivacaine

Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in
4mLampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Injection: 1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.

lidocaine

Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in
2mLampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).
Dentalcartridge: 2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.

lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)

Injection:1%;2%(hydrochlorideorsulfate)+epinephrine
1:200000invial.

ComplementaryList
Injection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mLin1mLampoule.
ephedrine
(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,topreventhypotension).
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
atropine

Injection: 1mg(sulfate)in1 mL ampoule.

Injection: 1mg/ mL.

midazolam

Oralliquid:2mg/mL[c].
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg.

morphine

Injection: 10mg(sulfate orhydrochloride)in1mLampoule.

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2. MEDICINES FOR PAIN AND PALLIATIVE CARE

2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)
Suppository: 50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
Oralliquid: 200mg/5 mL.
ibuprofena

Tablet:200mg;400mg;600mg.
a

Not in children less than 3 months.

Oralliquid: 125mg/5 mL.

Suppository:100mg.
paracetamol*

Tablet:100mgto500mg.
*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryusedue
tolackofprovenbenefittothateffect.

2.2 Opioid analgesics

codeine

Tablet: 30mg(phosphate).
Granules(slowrelease;tomixwithwater):20mg
200mg(morphinesulfate).
Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideor
morphinesulfate)in1mLampoule.
Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideor
morphinesulfate)/5mL.

morphine*

Tablet(slowrelease):10mg200mg(morphine
hydrochlorideormorphinesulfate).
Tablet(immediaterelease):10mg(morphine
sulfate).
*Alternativeslimitedtohydromorphoneand
oxycodone

2.3 Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

amitriptyline
cyclizine[c]

Tablet:10mg;25mg;75mg.
Injection:50mg/ mL.
Tablet:50mg.
Injection:4mg/ mL in1 mL ampoule(asdisodium
phosphatesalt).

dexamethasone

Oralliquid:2mg/5mL.
Tablet:2mg[c];4mg.

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Injection:5mg/ mL.
diazepam

Oralliquid:2mg/5mL.
Rectalsolution:2.5mg;5mg;10mg.
Tablet:5mg;10mg.

docusatesodium

fluoxetinea

Capsule:100mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5mL.
Solidoraldosageform: 20mg(ashydrochloride).
a

>8 years.

Injection: 5mgin1 mL ampoule.

haloperidol

Oralliquid:2mg/mL.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.

hyoscinebutylbromide

Injection:20mg/mL.

hyoscinehydrobromide[c]

Injection:400micrograms/ mL;600micrograms/
mL.
Transdermalpatches:1mg/72hours.

lactulose[c]

Oralliquid:3.13.7g/5mL.

loperamide

Solidoraldosageform:2mg.
Injection:5mg (hydrochloride)/mLin2mL
ampoule.

metoclopramide

Oralliquid:5mg/5mL.
Solidoralform:10mg(hydrochloride).
Injection:1 mg/ mL;5 mg/ mL.

midazolam

Solidoraldosageform:7.5mg;15mg.
Oralliquid:2mg/mL[c].
Injection:2mgbase/ mL in2mLampoule(as
hydrochloride).

ondansetron[c] a

Oralliquid:4mgbase/5mL.
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase.
a

senna

>1 month.

Oralliquid:7.5mg/5mL.

3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

dexamethasone

Injection:4mg/ mL in1 mL ampoule(asdisodium

phosphatesalt).

epinephrine(adrenaline)

Injection: 1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogen
tartrate)in1mLampoule.

hydrocortisone

Powderforinjection: 100mg(assodiumsuccinate)
invial.

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Oralliquid:1mg/ mL.
loratadine*

Tablet:10mg.

*Theremaybearoleforsedatingantihistaminesfor
limitedindications(EMLc).
Oralliquid: 5 mg/ mL [c].

prednisolone

Tablet:5mg;25mg.

4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

4.1 Non-specific
charcoal,activated

Powder.

4.2 Specific
Injection: 200mg/ mL in10 mLampoule.
acetylcysteine
Oralliquid:10%[c];20%[c].
atropine

Injection: 1mg(sulfate)in1 mLampoule.

calciumgluconate

Injection: 100mg/ mL in10 mLampoule.

methylthioniniumchloride
(methyleneblue)

Injection:10mg/mLin10mLampoule.

naloxone

Injection: 400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1 mL
ampoule.

penicillamine

Solidoraldosageform: 250mg.

potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)
2H2O(Prussianblue)

Powderfororaladministration.

sodiumnitrite

Injection: 30mg/ mL in10 mLampoule.

sodiumthiosulfate

Injection: 250mg/ mL in50 mLampoule.

ComplementaryList

deferoxamine

Powderforinjection: 500mg(mesilate)invial.

dimercaprol

Injectioninoil: 50mg/ mL in2mLampoule.

fomepizole

Injection:5mg/ mL (sulfate)in20mLampouleor1 g/
mL(base)in1.5mLampoule.

sodiumcalciumedetate

Injection: 200mg/ mL in5 mLampoule.

succimer

Solidoraldosageform: 100mg.

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5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS
Oralliquid: 100mg/5 mL.
carbamazepine

Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.
Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.

diazepam

Gelorrectalsolution:5 mg/ mLin0.5mL;2 mL;4

mLtubes.

lorazepam

Parenteralformulation:2mg/mLin1mL
ampoule;4mg/mLin1mLampoule.

magnesiumsulfate*

Injection: 0.5g/ mL in2 mL ampoule(equivalentto

1gin2mL;50%weight/volume);0.5g/mLin
10mLampoule(equivalentto5gin10mL;50%
weight/volume).
*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaand
notforotherconvulsantdisorders.
Solutionfororomucosaladministration:5mg/mL;
10mg/mL

midazolam

Ampoule*:1mg/mL;10mg/mL
*forbuccaladministrationwhensolutionfor
oromucosaladministrationisnotavailable
Injection:200mg/ mL (sodium).

phenobarbital

Oralliquid:15mg/5mL.
Tablet:15mgto100mg.
Injection: 50mg/ mL in5 mLvial(sodiumsalt).
Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5mL.*
Solidoraldosageform:25mg;50mg;100mg
(sodiumsalt).

phenytoin

Tablet(chewable):50mg.
*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mLand30mg/5mL
strengthsonthesamemarketwouldcauseconfusion
inprescribinganddispensingandshouldbe
avoided.
Oralliquid: 200mg/5 mL.

valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)

Tablet(crushable):100mg.
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodium
valproate).

ComplementaryList
Capsule: 250mg.
ethosuximide
Oralliquid:250mg/5mL.

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valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)

Injection:100mg/mLin4mLampoule;100mg/mL
in10mLampoule.

6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES
6.1 Anthelminthics
6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics
albendazole

Tablet(chewable): 400mg.

levamisole

Tablet: 50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).

mebendazole

Tablet(chewable): 100mg;500mg.

niclosamide

Tablet(chewable): 500mg.

praziquantel

Tablet: 150mg;600mg.
Oralliquid: 50mg(asembonateorpamoate)/ mL.

pyrantel

Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonateor
pamoate).

6.1.2 Antifilarials
albendazole

Tablet(chewable): 400mg.

diethylcarbamazine

Tablet: 50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).

ivermectin

Tablet(scored): 3mg.

6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines

praziquantel

Tablet: 600mg.

triclabendazole

Tablet: 250mg.

ComplementaryList
Capsule: 250mg.
oxamniquine*

Oralliquid:250mg/5mL.
*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquantel
treatmentfails.

6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta-lactam medicines
Powderfororalliquid: 125mg(astrihydrate)/5
mL;250mg(astrihydrate)/5mL[c].
amoxicillin
Solidoraldosageform:250mg;500mg(as
trihydrate).

amoxicillin+clavulanicacid

Oralliquid: 125 mgamoxicillin+31.25mg

clavulanicacid/5mLAND250mgamoxicillin+
62.5mgclavulanicacid/5mL[c].
Tablet:500mg(astrihydrate)+125mg(as
potassiumsalt).

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ampicillin

Powderforinjection: 500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)in
vial.

benzathinebenzylpenicillin

Powderforinjection: 900 mgbenzylpenicillin

(=1.2millionIU)in5mLvial[c];1.44g
benzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in5mLvial.

benzylpenicillin

Powderforinjection: 600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=
5millionIU)(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.

cefalexin[c]

Powderforreconstitutionwithwater:125mg/5
mL;250mg/5mL(anhydrous).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asmonohydrate).
Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.

cefazolin*a

*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.
a

>1 month.

Capsule: 400mg(astrihydrate).
cefixime*

*Listedonlyforsingledosetreatmentof
uncomplicatedanogenitalgonorrhoea.
Powderforinjection: 250mg;1g(assodiumsalt)in
vial.

ceftriaxone*a

*Donotadministerwithcalciumandavoidin
infantswithhyperbilirubinaemia.
a

>41 weeks corrected gestational age.

Capsule: 500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).
cloxacillin

Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)in
vial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodium
salt)/5mL.

phenoxymethylpenicillin

Powderfororalliquid: 250mg(aspotassium
salt)/5mL.
Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).
Powderforinjection: 1g(=1millionIU);3g
(=3millionIU)invial.

procainebenzylpenicillin*

*Procainebenzylpenicillinisnotrecommendedas
firstlinetreatmentforneonatalsepsisexceptin
settingswithhighneonatalmortality,whengivenby
trainedhealthworkersincaseswherehospitalcare
isnotachievable.

ComplementaryList
Powderforinjection:250mgpervial(assodiumsalt).
cefotaxime*[c]

*3rdgenerationcephalosporinofchoiceforusein
hospitalizedneonates.

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ceftazidime

19thedition

Powderforinjection:250mgor1g(aspentahydrate)
invial.
Powderforinjection: 250mg(asmonohydrate)+
250mg(assodiumsalt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+
500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.

imipenem*+cilastatin*

*Listedonlyforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospital
basedinfectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrug
resistantinfection.
Meropenemisindicatedforthetreatmentofmeningitis
andislicensedforuseinchildrenovertheageof3
months.

6.2.2 Other antibacterials

Capsule: 250mg;500mg(anhydrous).
azithromycin*

Oralliquid:200mg/5mL.
*Onlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenital
Chlamydiatrachomatisandoftrachoma.
Capsule: 250mg.
Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodium
succinate)/mLin2mLampoule.

chloramphenicol

*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemic
meningitisinchildrenolderthan2years.
Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5mL.
Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.
Oralliquid: 250mg/5 mL (anhydrous)[c].

ciprofloxacin*

SolutionforIVinfusion:2mg/mL(ashyclate)[c].
Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
*Squareboxappliestoadultsonly.
Solidoraldosageform: 500mg.

clarithromycin*

*Foruseincombinationregimensforeradicationof
H.Pyloriinadults.
Oralliquid:25 mg/5 mL [c];50mg/5mL
(anhydrous)[c].

doxycyclinea

Solidoraldosageform:50mg[c];100mg(as
hyclate).
aUse in children <8 years only for life-threatening
infections when no alternative exists.

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Powderforinjection: 500mg(aslactobionate)in
vial.
erythromycin

Powderfororalliquid:125mg/5mL(asstearateor
estolateorethylsuccinate).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asstearateor
estolateorethylsuccinate).

gentamicin

Injection: 10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mLin2 mL
vial.
Injection: 500mgin100 mL vial.

metronidazole

Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5mL.
Suppository:500mg;1g.
Tablet:200mgto500mg.

nitrofurantoin
spectinomycin

Oralliquid: 25 mg/5 mL [c].

Tablet:100mg.
Powderforinjection: 2g(ashydrochloride)invial.
Injection:
80mg+16mg/mLin5mLampoule;
80mg+16mg/mLin10mLampoule.

sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5mL.
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg;800mg+
160mg.
Oralliquid: 50mg/5 mL [c].
trimethoprima

Tablet:100mg;200mg.
a

>6 months.

ComplementaryList
Capsule:150mg(ashydrochloride).
clindamycin

Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/mL.
Oralliquid:75mg/5mL(aspalmitate)[c].

vancomycin

Powderforinjection: 250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.

6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

Medicines used in the treatment of leprosy should never be used except in combination. Combination
therapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDTblister
packs) containing standard twomedicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or threemedicine (multibacillary
leprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblisterpackscanbesupplied
freeofchargethroughWHO.
clofazimine

Capsule: 50mg;100mg.

dapsone

Tablet: 25mg;50mg;100mg.

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rifampicin

Solidoraldosageform: 150mg;300mg.

6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

WHOrecommendsandendorsestheuseoffixeddosecombinationsandthedevelopmentofappropriate
newfixeddosecombinations,includingmodifieddosageforms,nonrefrigeratedproductsandpaediatric
dosageformsofassuredpharmaceuticalquality.
ethambutol

Oralliquid: 25 mg/ mL [c].

Tablet:100mgto400mg(hydrochloride).

ethambutol+isoniazid

Tablet: 400mg+150mg.

ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+
rifampicin

Tablet:275mg+75mg+400mg+150mg.

ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin

Tablet:275mg+75mg+150mg.
Oralliquid: 50 mg/5 mL [c].

isoniazid

Tablet:100mgto300mg.
Tablet(scored):50mg.
Tablet:

isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin

75mg+400mg+150mg.
150mg+500mg+150mg(Forintermittentuse
threetimesweekly).
Tablet:

isoniazid+rifampicin

75mg+150mg;150mg+300mg.
60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes
weekly).
150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes
weekly).
Oralliquid: 30 mg/ mL [c].
Tablet:400mg.

pyrazinamide

Tablet(dispersible):150mg.
Tablet(scored):150mg.
Capsule: 150mg.*

rifabutin

rifampicin

*ForuseonlyinpatientswithHIVreceiving
proteaseinhibitors.
Oralliquid: 20 mg/ mL [c].
Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.
Tablet:150mg

rifapentine*
*FortreatmentoflatentTBinfection(LTBI)only
streptomycin

Powderforinjection: 1g(assulfate)invial.

ComplementaryList

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Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)should
beusedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.
amikacin

Powderforinjection:100mg;500mg;1g(assulfate)
invial.

bedaquiline

Tablet:100mg

capreomycin

Powderforinjection: 1g(assulfate)invial.
Solidoraldosageform: 250mg.

cycloserine*
*Terizidonemaybeanalternative
delamanid

Tablet:50mg
Tablet:125mg;250mg.

ethionamide*
*Protionamidemaybeanalternative.
kanamycin

Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
Tablet:250mg;500mg;750mg.

levofloxacin*

*Ofloxacinandmoxifloxacinmaybealternativesbased
onavailabilityandprogrammeconsiderations.
Injectionforintravenousadministration:2mg/mL
in300mLbag

linezolid

Powderfororalliquid:100mg/5mL,
Tablet:400mg;600mg
Granules: 4ginsachet.

paminosalicylicacid
Tablet:500mg.
streptomycin[c]

Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.

6.3 Antifungal medicines

amphotericinB

Powderforinjection: 50mginvial(assodium
deoxycholateorliposomalcomplex).
Vaginalcream: 1%;10%.

clotrimazole
Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.
Capsule: 50mg.
fluconazole

Injection:2mg/mLinvial.
Oralliquid:50mg/5mL.
Capsule: 250mg.

flucytosine
Infusion:2.5gin250mL.
Oralliquid:125mg/5 mL [c].
griseofulvin
Solidoraldosageform:125mg;250mg.

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Lozenge: 100000IU.
nystatin

Oralliquid:50mg/5mL[c];100000IU/mL[c].
Pessary:100000IU.
Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.

ComplementaryList
potassiumiodide

Saturatedsolution.

6.4 Antiviral medicines

6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines
Oralliquid: 200mg/5 mL [c].
aciclovir

Powderforinjection:250mg(assodiumsalt)in
vial.
Tablet:200mg.

6.4.2 Antiretrovirals
Based on current evidence and experience of use, medicines in the following three classes of
antiretrovirals are included as essential medicines for treatment and prevention of HIV (prevention of
mothertochildtransmissionandpostexposureprophylaxis).WHOemphasizestheimportanceofusing
theseproductsinaccordancewithglobalandnationalguidelines.WHOrecommendsandendorsesthe
use of fixeddose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixeddose combinations,
including modified dosage forms, nonrefrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assured
pharmaceuticalquality.
Scored tablets can be used in children and therefore can be considered for inclusion in the listing of
tablets,providedthatadequatequalityproductsareavailable.
6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Oralliquid: 100mg(assulfate)/5mL.
abacavir(ABC)
Tablet:300mg(assulfate).
Oralliquid: 50mg/5 mL.
lamivudine(3TC)
Tablet:150mg.
Capsule: 15 mg;20mg;30mg.
stavudine(d4T)
Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5mL.
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF)

Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate
equivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
Capsule: 100mg;250mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5mL.

zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)

SolutionforIVinfusioninjection:10mg/mLin
20mLvial.
Tablet:300mg.

6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

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Capsule: 50mg;100mg;200mg.
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a

Tablet:200mg(scored);600mg.
a

>3 years or >10 kg weight.

Oralliquid: 50mg/5 mL.

nevirapine(NVP)
Tablet:50mg(dispersible);200mg.
6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors
Selection of protease inhibitor(s) from the Model List will need to be determined by each country after
consideration of international and national treatment guidelines and experience. Ritonavir is
recommendedforuseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinitsown
right.Allotherproteaseinhibitorsshouldbeusedinboostedforms(e.g.withritonavir).

atazanavira

Solidoraldosageform:100mg;150mg;300mg(as
sulfate).
a

darunavir a

>25 kg.

Tablet:75mg;400mg;600mg;800mg
a

>3 years

Oralliquid: 400mg+100mg/5mL.
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)

Tablet(heatstable):100mg+25mg;
200mg+50mg.
Oralliquid: 400mg/5 mL.

ritonavir
Tablet(heatstable):25mg;100mg.

saquinavir(SQV)a

Solidoraldosageform: 200mg;500mg(as
mesilate).
a

>25 kg.

FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS
abacavir+lamivudine

Tablet(dispersible,scored):60mg(assulfate)+30
mg
Tablet:600mg+200mg+300mg(disoproxil
fumarateequivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).

efavirenz+emtricitabine*+tenofovir

*Emtricitabine(FTC)isanacceptablealternativeto
3TC,basedonknowledgeofthepharmacology,the
resistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
Tablet: 200mg+300mg(disoproxilfumarate
equivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).

emtricitabine*+tenofovir

*Emtricitabine(FTC)isanacceptablealternativeto
3TC,basedonknowledgeofthepharmacology,the
resistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.

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Tablet: 150mg+200mg+30mg.
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine

lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine
lamivudine+zidovudine

Tablet(dispersible):30mg+50mg+6mg[c].

Tablet: 30mg+50mg+60mg[c];150mg+200 mg
+300mg.
Tablet: 30mg+60mg[c];150mg+300mg.

6.4.3 Other antivirals

Capsule:30mg;45mg;75mg(asphosphate).
Oralpowder:12mg/mL.
oseltamivir*

*potentiallysevereorcomplicatedillnessdueto
confirmedorsuspectedinfluenzavirusinfectionin
accordancewithWHOtreatmentguidelines.
Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mg
and1gin10mLphosphatebuffersolution.

ribavirin*

Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.
*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfevers

valganciclovir*

Tablet:450mg.

*Forthetreatmentofcytomegalovirusretinitis
(CMVr).

6.4.4 Antihepatitis medicines

6.4.4.1 Medicines for hepatitis B
6.4.4.1.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Oralliquid:0.05mg/mL
entecavir
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF)

Tablet:0.5mg;1mg
Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate
equivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).

6.4.4.2 Medicines for hepatitis C

Basedoncurrentevidence,medicinesinthefollowingclassesofdirectactingantiviralmedicinesare
includedasessentialmedicinesfortreatmentofhepatitisCvirusinfection.WHOguidelinesrecommend
specificcombinationtherapyutilizingmedicinesfromdifferentclasses.
6.4.4.2.1 Nucleotide polymerase inhibitors
sofosbuvir

Tablet:400mg

6.4.4.2.2 Protease inhibitors

simeprevir

Capsule150mg

6.4.4.2.3 NS5A inhibitors

daclatasvir

Tablet:30mg;60mg (ashydrochloride)

6.4.4.2.4 Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors

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dasabuvir

Tablet: 250mg

6.4.4.2.5 Other antivirals

Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mg
and1gin10mLphosphatebuffersolution.
ribavirin*

Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.
*ForthetreatmentofhepatitisC,incombination
withpeginterferonand/ordirectactingantiviral
medicines

ComplementaryList
Vialorprefilledsyringe:
180micrograms(peginterferonalfa2a),
pegylatedinterferonalfa(2aor2b)*
80microgram,100microgram(peginterferonalfa2b).
*Tobeusedincombinationwithribavirin.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS
Alternative combinations of DAAs from different pharmacological classes are possible
ledipasvir+sofosbuvir

Tablet:90mg+400mg.

ombitasvir+paritaprevir+ritonavir

Tablet:12.5mg+75mg+50mg

6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
diloxanidea

Tablet: 500mg(furoate).
a

>25 kg.

Injection: 500mgin100 mL vial.

metronidazole

Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5mL.
Tablet:200mgto500mg.

6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

amphotericinB

Powderforinjection: 50mginvial(assodium
deoxycholateorliposomalcomplex).

miltefosine

Solidoraldosageform:10mg;50mg.

paromomycin

Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgof
paromomycinbase(asthesulfate).
Injection: 100mg/ mL,1vial=30mLor30%,
equivalenttoapproximately8.1%antimony
(pentavalent)in5mLampoule.

sodiumstibogluconateormeglumineantimoniate
6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines
6.5.3.1 For curative treatment

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Medicines for the treatment of P. falciparum malaria cases should be used in combination. The list
currentlyrecommendscombinationsaccordingto treatmentguidelines.WHOrecognizesthatnotallof
the fixed dose combinations (FDCs) in the WHO treatment guidelines exist, and encourages their
development and rigorous testing. WHO also encourages development and testing of rectal dosage
formulations.
Tablet: 153mg or200mg(ashydrochloride).
amodiaquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
Oilyinjection: 80mg/ mL in1mLampoule.
artemether*
*Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
Tablet: 20mg+120mg.
artemether+lumefantrine*

Tablet(dispersible):20mg+120mg[c].
*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterof
pregnancyorinchildrenbelow5kg.
Injection: ampoules,containing60mganhydrous
artesunicacidwithaseparateampouleof5%
sodiumbicarbonatesolution.
Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.

artesunate*

Rectaldosageform:50mg[c];200mgcapsules(for
prereferraltreatmentofseveremalariaonly;
patientsshouldbetakentoanappropriatehealth
facilityforfollowupcare)[c].
Tablet:50mg.
*Tobeusedincombinationwitheither
amodiaquine,mefloquineorsulfadoxine+
pyrimethamine.
Tablet: 25 mg+ 67.5 mg;50 mg+135mg;100 mg+
270mg.

artesunate+amodiaquine*

artesunate+mefloquine

*Othercombinationsthatdeliverthetargetdoses
requiredsuchas153mgor200mg(as
hydrochloride)with50mgartesunatecanbe
alternatives.
Tablet: 25 mg+ 55mg;100 mg+220mg.
Oralliquid: 50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5 mL.

chloroquine*

Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyforthetreatmentofP.vivaxinfection.
Capsule: 100mg(ashydrochlorideorhyclate).

doxycycline*

Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.
Tablet: 250mg(ashydrochloride).

mefloquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
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Tablet: 7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate).
primaquine*

*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxand
P.ovaleinfections,givenfor14days.
Injection: 300mgquininehydrochloride/mL in2
mLampoule.

quinine*

Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quinine
bisulfate).
*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,
andshouldbeusedincombinationwith
doxycycline.
Tablet: 500mg+25mg.

sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*
*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis
Oralliquid: 50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5 mL.
chloroquine*

Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,for
P.vivaxinfections.

doxycyclinea

Solidoraldosageform: 100mg(ashydrochloride or
hyclate).
a

>8 years.

Tablet: 250mg(ashydrochloride).
mefloquinea

>5 kg or >3 months.

Tablet: 100mg(ashydrochloride).
proguanil*
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.
6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
pyrimethamine

Tablet: 25mg.

sulfadiazine

Tablet:500mg.
Injection:

sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim

80mg+16mg/mLin5mLampoule;
80mg+16mg/mLin10mLampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5mL[c].
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg[c].

ComplementaryList
pentamidine

Tablet: 200mg;300mg(asisethionate).

6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis
Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis
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Powderforinjection:200mg(asisetionate)invial.
pentamidine*

*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabrucei
gambienseinfection.
Powderforinjection: 1ginvial.

suraminsodium*

*Tobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof
Trypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.

Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis

eflornithine*

melarsoprol

nifurtimox*

Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mLin100 mL
bottle.
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabrucei
gambienseinfection.
Injection: 3.6%solution,5 mLampoule(180mgof
active
compound).
Tablet: 120mg.
*Onlytobeusedincombinationwitheflornithine,
forthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.

ComplementaryList[c]
melarsoprol

Injection:3.6%solutionin5mLampoule(180mgof
activecompound).

6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

Tablet: 12.5mg[c];100mg.
benznidazole
Tablet(scored):50mg.
nifurtimox

Tablet: 30mg;120mg;250mg.

7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For treatment of acute attack
acetylsalicylicacid

Tablet: 300mgto500mg.

ibuprofen[c]

Tablet:200mg;400mg.

paracetamol

Oralliquid: 125mg/5 mL [c].

Tablet:300mgto500mg.

7.2 For prophylaxis

propranolol

Tablet: 20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).

8. ANTINEOPLASTICS AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES

Medicineslistedbelowshouldbeusedaccordingtoprotocolsfortreatmentofthediseases.
8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines
ComplementaryList

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Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
azathioprine
Tablet(scored):50mg.
Capsule: 25mg.
ciclosporin

Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mLin1mLampoule
fororgantransplantation.

8.2 Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

ComplementaryList
alltransretinoidacid(ATRA)
allopurinol[c]

Capsule:10mg.
Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia.
Tablet:100mg;300mg.
Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.

asparaginase

Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia.
Injection: 45mg/0.5mL;180mg/2mL.

bendamustine

Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia
Follicularlymphoma
Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.

bleomycin

Hodgkinlymphoma
Kaposisarcoma
Ovariangermcelltumour
Testiculargermcelltumour

Injection:3mg/mLin10mLampoule.
Tablet:15mg.

calciumfolinate

Earlystagecoloncancer
Earlystagerectalcancer
Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia
Metastaticcolorectalcancer
Osteosarcoma
Burkittlymphoma

Tablet:150mg;500mg.
capecitabine

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Earlystagerectalcancer
Metastaticbreastcancer
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Injection:50mg/5mL;150mg/15mL;450mg/45mL;
600mg/60mL.

carboplatin

Earlystagebreastcancer
Epithelialovariancancer
Nasopharyngealcancer
Nonsmallcelllungcancer
Osteosarcoma
Retinoblastoma

Tablet: 2mg.
chlorambucil

Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia.
Injection:50mg/50mL;100mg/100mL.

cisplatin

Cervicalcancer(asaradiosensitizer)
Headandneckcancer(asaradiosensitizer)
Nasopharyngealcancer(asaradiosensitizer)
Nonsmallcelllungcancer
Osteosarcoma
Ovariangermcelltumour
Testiculargermcelltumour

Powderforinjection:500mginvial.
Tablet:25mg.

cyclophosphamide

Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia
DiffuselargeBcelllymphoma
Earlystagebreastcancer
Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia
Hodgkinlymphoma
Follicularlymphoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewingsarcoma
Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia
Burkittlymphoma
Metastaticbreastcancer.

Powderforinjection:100mginvial.

cytarabine

Acutemyelogenousleukaemia
Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia
Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia
Burkittlymphoma.

Powderforinjection:100mginvial.
dacarbazine

Hodgkinlymphoma
Powderforinjection: 500microgramsinvial.

dactinomycin

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Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Powderforinjection:50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia
Acutemyelogenousleukaemia
Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia

daunorubicin

Injection:20mg/ mL;40mg/ mL.

Earlystagebreastcancer
Metastaticbreastcancer
Metastaticprostatecancer

docetaxel

Powderforinjection: 10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)in
vial.

doxorubicin

DiffuselargeBcelllymphoma
Earlystagebreastcancer
Hodgkinlymphoma
Kaposisarcoma
Follicularlymphoma
Metastaticbreastcancer
Osteosarcoma
Ewingsarcoma
Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia
Wilmstumour
Burkittlymphoma

Capsule:100mg.
Injection:20mg/mLin5mLampoule.

etoposide

Testiculargermcelltumour
Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia
Hodgkinlymphoma
Nonsmallcelllungcancer
Ovariangermcelltumour
Retinoblastoma
Ewingsarcoma
Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia
Burkittlymphoma

Powderforinjection:50mg(phosphate)invial.
fludarabine

Tablet:10mg
Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia.
Injection:50mg/mLin5mLampoule.

fluorouracil

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Earlystagecoloncancer
Earlystagerectalcancer
Metastaticcolorectalcancer
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Injection:120micrograms/0.2mL;300micrograms/0.5
mL;480micrograms/0.8mLinprefilledsyringe300
micrograms/mLin1mLvial,480mg/1.6mLin1.6mL
vial.
Primaryprophylaxisinpatientsathighriskfor
developingfebrileneutropeniaassociatedwith
myelotoxicchemotherapy.
Secondaryprophylaxisforpatientswhohave
experiencedneutropeniafollowingpriormyelotoxic
chemotherapy
Tofacilitateadministrationofdosedense
chemotherapyregimens

filgrastim

Powderforinjection:200mginvial,1ginvial.
gemcitabine

hydroxycarbamide

Epithelialovariancancer
Nonsmallcelllungcancer
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;250mg;300mg;400
mg;500mg;1g.
Chronicmyeloidleukaemia.
Powderforinjection: 500mgvial;1gvial;2gvial.

ifosfamide

Testiculargermcelltumour
Ovariangermcelltumour
Osteosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewingsarcoma

Tablet:100mg;400mg.
imatinib

irinotecan

Chronicmyeloidleukaemia
Gastrointestinalstromaltumour
Injection: 40mg/2mLin2 mLvial;100mg/5mLin5
mLvial;500mg/25mLin25mLvial.
Metastaticcolorectalcancer.
Tablet:50mg.

mercaptopurine

Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia
Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia.
Injection:100mg/mLin4mLand10mLampoules.
Tablet:400mg;600mg.

mesna

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Ovariangermcelltumour
Osteosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Powderforinjection:50mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).

methotrexate

Earlystagebreastcancer
Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia
Osteosarcoma
Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia
Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia

Injection:50mg/10mLin10mLvial;100mg/20mLin
20mLvial;200mg/40mLin40mLvial.
oxaliplatin

Powderforinjection:50mg,100mginvial.
Earlystagecoloncancer
Metastaticcolorectalcancer
Powderforinjection: 6mg/ mL.

paclitaxel

procarbazine

Epithelialovariancancer
Earlystagebreastcancer
Metastaticbreastcancer
Kaposisarcoma
Nasopharyngealcancer
Nonsmallcelllungcancer
Ovariangermcelltumour

Capsule: 50mg(ashydrochloride).
Injection: 100mg/10mLin10mLvial;500mg/50mL
in50mLvial.

rituximab

tioguanine[c]

DiffuselargeBcelllymphoma
Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia
Follicularlymphoma.
Solidoraldosageform:40mg.

Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia.
Powderforinjection:60mg;150mg;440mginvial

trastuzumab

EarlystageHER2positivebreastcancer
MetastaticHER2positivebreastcancer.
Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial.

vinblastine

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Kaposisarcoma.
Testiculargermcelltumour
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Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.

vincristine

DiffuselargeBcelllymphoma
Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia
Hodgkinlymphoma
Kaposisarcoma
Follicularlymphoma
Retinoblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewingsarcoma
Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia
Wilmstumour
Burkittlymphoma.

Injection: 10mg/mLin1 mLvial;50mg/5mLin5

mLvial.
vinorelbine

Nonsmallcelllungcancer
Metastaticbreastcancer

8.3 Hormones and antihormones

ComplementaryList
Tablet:1mg.
anastrozole

bicalutamide

Earlystagebreastcancer
Metastaticbreastcancer.
Tablet:50mg.
Metastaticprostatecancer.
Injection:4mg/ mL in1 mL ampoule(asdisodium
phosphatesalt).

dexamethasone

Oralliquid:2mg/5mL[c].
Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia.
Doseform

leuprorelin

hydrocortisone

Earlystagebreastcancer
Metastaticprostatecancer
Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)in
vial.
Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia.

methylprednisolone[c]

Injection: 40mg/ mL (assodiumsuccinate)in1 mL

singledosevialand
5mLmultidosevials;80mg/mL(assodiumsuccinate)
in1mLsingledosevial.

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Oralliquid:5mg/mL[c].
Tablet:5mg;25mg.

prednisolone

Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia
DiffuselargeBcelllymphoma
Hodgkinlymphoma
Follicularlymphoma
Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia
Burkittlymphoma

Tablet: 10mg;20mg(ascitrate).
tamoxifen

Earlystagebreastcancer
Metastaticbreastcancer

9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES
biperiden

Injection: 5mg(lactate)in1 mLampoule.

Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).

levodopa+carbidopa

Tablet: 100mg+10mg;100mg+25mg;250mg+
25mg

10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

10.1 Antianaemia medicines

ferroussalt

Oralliquid: equivalentto25mgiron(assulfate)/
mL.
Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.

ferroussalt+folicacid

Tablet: equivalentto60mgiron+400micrograms
folicacid
(nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).
Tablet: 400micrograms*;1mg;5mg.

folicacid

hydroxocobalamin

*periconceptualuseforpreventionoffirst
occurrenceofneuraltubedefects
Injection: 1mg(asacetate,ashydrochlorideoras
sulfate)in1mLampoule.

10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

Injection:ampouleorprefilledsyringe

enoxaparin*

20mg/0.2mL;40mg/0.4mL;60mg/0.6mL;80
mg/0.8mL;100mg/1mL;120mg/0.8mL;150mg/1
mL
*Alternativesarelimitedtonadroparinand
dalteparin

heparinsodium

Injection: 1000IU/ mL;5000IU/mL;20000IU/ mL

in1mLampoule.

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phytomenadione

Injection: 1mg/ mL [c]; 10mg/mLin5mL

ampoule.
Tablet:10mg.

protaminesulfate

Injection: 10mg/ mL in5 mLampoule.

tranexamicacid

Injection: 100 mg/ mL in10 mLampoule.

warfarin

Tablet: 1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).

ComplementaryList[c]

desmopressin

Injection:4micrograms/mL(asacetate)in1mL
ampoule.
Nasalspray:10micrograms(asacetate)perdose

heparinsodium

Injection:1000IU/mL;5000IU/mLin1mLampoule.

protaminesulfate

Injection:10mg/mLin5mLampoule.

warfarin

Tablet:0.5mg;1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).

10.3 Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

ComplementaryList
deferoxamine*

Powderforinjection: 500mg(mesilate)invial.
*Deferasiroxoralformmaybeanalternative,depending
oncostandavailability.

hydroxycarbamide

Solidoraldosageform:200mg;500mg;1g.

11. BLOOD PRODUCTS OF HUMAN ORIGIN AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES

11.1 Blood and blood components
InaccordancewiththeWorldHealthAssemblyresolutionWHA63.12,WHOrecognizesthatachieving
selfsufficiency,unlessspecialcircumstancesprecludeit,inthesupplyofsafebloodcomponentsbasedon
voluntary,nonremuneratedblooddonation,andthesecurityofthatsupplyareimportantnationalgoals
topreventbloodshortagesandmeetthetransfusionrequirementsofthepatientpopulation.All
preparationsshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirements.
freshfrozenplasma

platelets

redbloodcells

wholeblood

11.2 Plasma-derived medicines

AllhumanplasmaderivedmedicinesshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirements.
11.2.1 Human immunoglobulins
antiDimmunoglobulin

Injection: 250microgramsinsingledosevial.

Antirabiesimmunoglobulin

Injection: 150IU/mLinvial.

Antitetanusimmunoglobulin

Injection: 500IUinvial.

ComplementaryList

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Intramuscularadministration:16%protein
solution.*
Intravenousadministration:5%;10%protein
solution.**
normalimmunoglobulin

Subcutaneousadministration:15%;16%protein
solution.*
*Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiency.
**Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiencyand
Kawasakidisease.

11.2.2 Blood coagulation factors

ComplementaryList
coagulationfactorVIII

Powderforinjection:500IU/vial.

coagulationfactorIX

Powderforinjection:500IU/vial,1000IU/vial.

11.3 Plasma substitutes

Injectablesolution:6%.
dextran70*

*Polygeline,injectablesolution,3.5%isconsidered
asequivalent.

12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.1 Antianginal medicines
Tablet: 1.25 mg;5mg.
bisoprolol*

*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolas
alternatives.

glyceryltrinitrate

Tablet(sublingual): 500micrograms.

isosorbidedinitrate

Tablet(sublingual): 5mg.

verapamil

Tablet:40mg; 80mg(hydrochloride).

12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines

Tablet: 1.25 mg;5mg.
bisoprolol*

*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolas
alternatives.
Injection: 250micrograms/ mLin2mLampoule.

digoxin

Oralliquid:50micrograms/mL.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.

epinephrine(adrenaline)

Injection:100micrograms/ mL(asacidtartrate or
hydrochloride)in10mLampoule.

lidocaine

Injection: 20mg(hydrochloride)/mLin5mL
ampoule.

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Injection: 2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mLin2mL
ampoule.

verapamil

Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).
ComplementaryList

Injection:50mg/mLin3mLampoule(hydrochloride).

amiodarone
Tablet:100mg;200mg;400mg(hydrochloride).
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines
amlodipine

Tablet: 5 mg(asmaleate,mesylateorbesylate).
Tablet:1.25 mg;5mg.
*includesatenolol,metoprololandcarvedilolas
alternatives.Atenololshouldnotbeusedasafirst
lineagentinuncomplicatedhypertensionin
patients>60years

bisoprolol*

enalapril

Tablet: 2.5mg;5mg(ashydrogenmaleate).
Powderforinjection: 20mg(hydrochloride)in
ampoule.
Tablet:25mg;50mg(hydrochloride).
*Hydralazineislistedforuseonlyintheacute
managementofseverepregnancyinduced
hypertension.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessential
hypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewofthe
evidenceofgreaterefficacyandsafetyofother
medicines.

hydralazine*

Oralliquid:50mg/5 mL.

hydrochlorothiazide

Solidoraldosageform:12.5mg;25mg.
Tablet:250mg.
*Methyldopaislistedforuseonlyinthe
managementofpregnancyinducedhypertension.Its
useinthetreatmentofessentialhypertensionisnot
recommendedinviewoftheevidenceofgreater
efficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.

methyldopa*

ComplementaryList
sodiumnitroprusside

Powderforinfusion: 50mginampoule.

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12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

Tablet:1.25 mg;5mg.
bisoprolol*

*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolas
alternatives.
Injection: 250micrograms/ mLin2mLampoule.
Oralliquid:50micrograms/mL.

digoxin

Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
enalapril

Tablet: 2.5mg;5mg(ashydrogenmaleate).
Injection: 10mg/ mL in2 mLampoule.

furosemide

Oralliquid:20mg/5mL[c].
Tablet:40mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5 mL.

hydrochlorothiazide

Solidoraldosageform:25mg.
Tablet: 25mg.

spironolactone
ComplementaryList
dopamine

Injection:40mg/mL(hydrochloride)in5mLvial.

12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

12.5.1 Anti-platelet medicines
acetylsalicylicacid

Tablet: 100mg.

clopidogrel

Tablet:75mg;300mg

12.5.2 Thrombolytic medicines

ComplementaryList
streptokinase

Powderforinjection: 1.5millionIUinvial.

12.6 Lipid-lowering agents

Tablet: 5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.

simvastatin*

*Foruseinhighriskpatients.
13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)
13.1 Antifungal medicines

miconazole

Creamorointment:2%(nitrate).

seleniumsulfide

Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.

sodiumthiosulfate

Solution: 15%.

terbinafine

Cream: 1% orOintment:1%terbinafine
hydrochloride.

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13.2 Anti-infective medicines

Cream(asmupirocincalcium):2%.
mupirocin
Ointment:2%.
Aqueoussolution: 1:10000.

potassiumpermanganate

Cream:1%.
silversulfadiazinea

>2 months.

13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

Creamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).

betamethasonea

Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.

calamine

Lotion.

hydrocortisone

Creamorointment:1%(acetate).

13.4 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

benzoylperoxide

Creamorlotion: 5%.

coaltar

Solution: 5%.

fluorouracil

Ointment: 5%.

podophyllumresin

Solution: 10%to25%.

salicylicacid

Solution: 5%.

urea

Creamorointment: 5%;10%.

13.5 Scabicides and pediculicides

Lotion: 25%.

benzylbenzoatea

>2 years.

Cream: 5%.
permethrin
Lotion:1%.
14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
14.1 Ophthalmic medicines
fluorescein

Eyedrops: 1%(sodiumsalt).

tropicamide

Eyedrops: 0.5%.

14.2 Radiocontrast media

amidotrizoate

Injection: 140mgto420mgiodine(assodium or
megluminesalt)/mLin20mLampoule.

bariumsulfate

Aqueoussuspension.

iohexol

Injection: 140mgto350mgiodine/mLin5 mL;10

mL;20mLampoules.

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ComplementaryList
bariumsulfate[c]

Aqueoussuspension.

meglumineiotroxate

Solution:5gto8giodinein100mLto250mL.

15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

15.1 Antiseptics
chlorhexidine

Solution:5%(digluconate).

ethanol

Solution: 70%(denatured).

povidoneiodine

Solution: 10% (equivalentto1%availableiodine).

15.2 Disinfectants
Solutioncontainingethanol80%volume/volume
alcoholbasedhandrub

Solutioncontainingisopropylalcohol75%
volume/volume

chlorinebasecompound

Powder: (0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.

chloroxylenol

Solution: 4.8%.

glutaral

Solution: 2%.

16. DIURETICS
amiloride

Tablet: 5mg(hydrochloride).
Injection: 10mg/ mL in2 mLampoule.

furosemide

Oralliquid:20mg/5mL[c].
Tablet:10mg[c];20mg[c];40mg.

hydrochlorothiazide

Solidoraldosageform:25mg.

mannitol

Injectablesolution: 10%;20%.

spironolactone

Tablet: 25mg.

ComplementaryList[c]
hydrochlorothiazide

Tablet(scored):25mg.

mannitol

Injectablesolution:10%;20%.

spironolactone

Oralliquid: 5mg/5 mL;10mg/5mL;25mg/5 mL.

Tablet:25mg.

17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES

ComplementaryList[c]
pancreaticenzymes

Ageappropriateformulationsanddosesincludinglipase,
proteaseandamylase.

17.1 Antiulcer medicines

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Powderforinjection:40mginvial
omeprazole

Powderfororalliquid:20mg;40mgsachets.
Solidoraldosageform:10mg;20mg;40mg.
Injection: 25 mg/ mL (ashydrochloride)in2 mL
ampoule.

ranitidine

Oralliquid:75mg/5mL(ashydrochloride).
Tablet:150mg(ashydrochloride).

17.2 Antiemetic medicines

Injection: 4mg/ mL in1 mL ampoule(asdisodium
phosphatesalt).
dexamethasone

Oralliquid:0.5mg/5mL;2mg/5mL.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;0.75mg;1.5mg;
4mg.
Injection: 5mg(hydrochloride)/mLin2mL
ampoule.

metoclopramidea

Oralliquid:5mg/5mL[c].
Tablet:10mg(hydrochloride).
a

Not in neonates.

Injection:2mgbase/ mL in2mLampoule(as
hydrochloride).
ondansetrona

Oralliquid:4mgbase/5mL.
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase;
Eq24mgbase.
a

>1 month.

17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines

Retentionenema.
sulfasalazine

Suppository:500mg.
Tablet:500mg.

ComplementaryList
Retentionenema.
hydrocortisone

Suppository:25mg(acetate).
(theonlyappliestohydrocortisoneretention
enema).

17.4 Laxatives
senna

Tablet: 7.5mg(sennosides)(ortraditionaldosage
forms).

17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea

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17.5.1 Oral rehydration

Powderfordilution in200 mL;500mL;1L.

glucose:

75mEq
sodium:

75mEqormmol/L
chloride:

65mEqormmol/L
potassium:

20mEqormmol/L
citrate:

10mmol/L
osmolarity:

245mOsm/L
glucose:

13.5g/L
sodiumchloride:

2.6g/L
potassiumchloride:

1.5g/L
trisodiumcitratedihydrate*:
2.9g/L

oralrehydrationsalts

*trisodiumcitratedihydratemaybereplacedby
sodiumhydrogencarbonate(sodiumbicarbonate)
2.5g/L.However,asthestabilityofthislatter
formulationisverypoorundertropicalconditions,it
isrecommendedonlywhenmanufacturedfor
immediateuse.
17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea
Solidoraldosageform: 20mg.
zincsulfate*

*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasan
adjuncttooralrehydrationsalts.

18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
fludrocortisone

Tablet:100micrograms(acetate).

hydrocortisone

Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg.

18.2 Androgens
ComplementaryList
testosterone

Injection: 200mg(enanthate)in1mLampoule.

18.3 Contraceptives
18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives

ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel

Tablet: 30micrograms+150micrograms.

ethinylestradiol+norethisterone

Tablet: 35micrograms+1mg.

levonorgestrel

Tablet: 30micrograms;750micrograms(packof
two);1.5mg.

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18.3.2 Injectable hormonal contraceptives

estradiolcypionate+medroxyprogesteroneacetate Injection:5mg+25mg.
medroxyprogesteroneacetate

Depotinjection: 150mg/ mL in1mLvial.

norethisteroneenantate

Oilysolution: 200mg/ mL in1mLampoule.

18.3.3 Intrauterine devices

coppercontainingdevice
levonorgestrelreleasingintrauterinesystem

Intrauterinesystemwithreservoircontaining52mg
oflevonorestrel

18.3.4 Barrier methods

condoms
diaphragms
18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives
etonogestrelreleasingimplant

Singlerodetonogestrelreleasingimplant,
containing68mgofetonogestrel.

levonorgestrelreleasingimplant

Tworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrod
containing75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal).

18.3.6 Intravaginal contraceptives

Progesteronereleasingvaginalringcontaining2.074
gofmicronizedprogesterone.
progesteronevaginalring*
*Foruseinwomenactivelybreastfeedingatleast4
timesperday
18.4 Estrogens
18.5 Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes
Solid oral dosage form: (controlledrelease tablets)
30mg;60mg;
gliclazide*

80mg.
*glibenclamidenotsuitableabove60years.

glucagon

Injection:1 mg/ mL.

insulininjection(soluble)

Injection: 40IU/ mL in10 mLvial;100IU/mL in

10mLvial.

intermediateactinginsulin

Injection: 40IU/ mL in10 mLvial;100IU/mL in

10mLvial(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionor
isophaneinsulin).

metformin

Tablet: 500mg(hydrochloride).

ComplementaryList[c]
metformin

Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).

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18.6 Ovulation inducers

ComplementaryList
clomifene

Tablet:50mg(citrate).

18.7 Progestogens
medroxyprogesteroneacetate

Tablet: 5mg.

18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

levothyroxine

Tablet: 25micrograms [c];50micrograms;

100micrograms(sodiumsalt).

potassiumiodide

Tablet: 60mg.

propylthiouracil

Tablet: 50mg.

ComplementaryList[c]
Lugolssolution

Oralliquid:about130mgtotaliodine/mL.

potassiumiodide

Tablet:60mg.

propylthiouracil

Tablet:50mg.

19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic agents
AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirementsfortuberculins.
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative(PPD)

Injection.

19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins

AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirements.
Injection.
Antivenomimmunoglobulin*
*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.
Injection: 10000IU;20000IUinvial.

diphtheriaantitoxin

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19.3 Vaccines
WHO immunization policy recommendations are published in vaccine position papers on the basis of
recommendationsmadebytheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertsonImmunization(SAGE).
WHOvaccinepositionpapersareupdatedthreetofourtimesperyear.Thelistbelowdetailsthevaccines
for which there is a recommendation from SAGE and a corresponding WHO position paper as at 27
February 2015. The most recent versions of the WHO position papers, reflecting the current evidence
relatedtoaspecificvaccineandtherelatedrecommendations,canbeaccessedatanytimeontheWHO
websiteat:
http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html.
Vaccine recommendations may be universal or conditional (e.g., in certain regions, in some highrisk
populationsoraspartofimmunizationprogrammeswithcertaincharacteristics).Detailsareavailablein
the relevant position papers, and in the Summary Tables of WHO Routine Immunization
RecommendationsavailableontheWHOwebsiteat:
http://www.who.int/immunization/policy/immunization_tables/en/index.html.
SelectionofvaccinesfromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafterconsideration
ofinternationalrecommendations,epidemiologyandnationalpriorities.
AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirementsforbiologicalsubstances.
WHOnotedtheneedforvaccinesusedinchildrentobepolyvalent.
Recommendationsforall

BCGvaccine
diphtheriavaccine
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine
hepatitisBvaccine
HPVvaccine
measlesvaccine
pertussisvaccine
pneumococcalvaccine
poliomyelitisvaccine
rotavirusvaccine
rubellavaccine
tetanusvaccine

Recommendationsforcertainregions
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine
yellowfevervaccine
tickborneencephalitisvaccine

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Recommendationsforsomehighriskpopulations
choleravaccine
hepatitisAvaccine
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine
rabiesvaccine
typhoidvaccine

Recommendationsforimmunizationprogrammeswithcertaincharacteristics
influenzavaccine(seasonal)
mumpsvaccine
varicellavaccine

20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASE

INHIBITORS
atracurium

Injection: 10mg/ mL (besylate).

neostigmine

Injection: 500microgramsin1mLampoule;2.5mg
(metilsulfate)in1mLampoule.
Tablet:15mg(bromide).
Injection: 50mg(chloride)/ mLin2mLampoule.

suxamethonium
Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.
vecuronium[c]

Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.

ComplementaryList
Injection: 1mgin1 mL ampoule.
pyridostigmine
Tablet:60mg(bromide).
vecuronium

Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.

21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

21.1 Anti-infective agents
aciclovir

Ointment: 3%W/W.

azithromycin

Solution(eyedrops):1.5%.

gentamicin

Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).

ofloxacin

Solution(eyedrops): 0.3%.

tetracycline

Eyeointment: 1%(hydrochloride).

21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents

prednisolone

Solution(eyedrops): 0.5%(sodiumphosphate).

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21.3 Local anaesthetics

tetracainea

Solution(eyedrops): 0.5%(hydrochloride).
a

Not in preterm neonates.

21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

acetazolamide

Tablet: 250mg.

latanoprost

Solution(eyedrops): latanoprost50micrograms/mL

pilocarpine

Solution(eyedrops): 2%;4%(hydrochloride or
nitrate).

timolol

Solution(eyedrops): 0.25%;0.5%(ashydrogen
maleate).

21.5 Mydriatics
Solution(eyedrops): 0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).
atropine* a

*[c]Orhomatropine(hydrobromide)or
cyclopentolate(hydrochloride).
a

>3 months.

ComplementaryList
epinephrine(adrenaline)

Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).

21.6 Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations

ComplementaryList
bevacizumab

Injection:25mg/mL.

22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS

22.1 Oxytocics
ergometrine

misoprostol

Injection: 200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1
mLampoule.
Tablet: 200micrograms.
Managementofincompleteabortionand
miscarriage;
Preventionandtreatmentofpostpartum
haemorrhagewhereoxytocinisnotavailable
orcannotbesafelyused
Vaginaltablet:25micrograms.*
*Onlyforuseforinductionoflabourwhere
appropriatefacilitiesareavailable.

oxytocin

Injection: 10IUin1 mL.

ComplementaryList

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mifepristone*misoprostol*
Wherepermittedundernationallawand
whereculturallyacceptable.

Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.
*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.

22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

Immediatereleasecapsule: 10mg.

nifedipine
23. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION
ComplementaryList
intraperitonealdialysissolution
(ofappropriatecomposition)

Parenteralsolution.

24. MEDICINES FOR MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS

24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders
Injection: 25mg(hydrochloride)/mLin2mL
ampoule.
chlorpromazine

Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5mL.
Tablet:100mg(hydrochloride).
Injection: 25mg(decanoate orenantate)in1 mL
ampoule.

fluphenazine

Injection: 5mgin1 mL ampoule.

haloperidol

Tablet:2mg;5mg.
Solidoraldosageform:0.25mgto6.0mg.

risperidone
ComplementaryList

Injection: 25mg(hydrochloride)/mLin2mLampoule.
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5mL.

chlorpromazine[c]

Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).
clozapine

Solidoraldosageform:25to200mg.
Injection:5mgin1mLampoule.

haloperidol[c]

Oralliquid:2mg/mL.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.

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24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders

24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders
amitriptyline

Tablet: 25mg;75mg.(hydrochloride).

fluoxetine

Solidoraldosageform: 20mg(ashydrochloride).

ComplementaryList[c]
fluoxetinea

Solidoraldosageform:20mg(ashydrochloride).
a

>8 years.

24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorders

carbamazepine

Tablet(scored): 100mg;200mg.

lithiumcarbonate

Solidoraldosageform:300mg.

valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)

Tablet(entericcoated): 200mg;500mg(sodium
valproate).

24.3 Medicines for anxiety disorders

diazepam

Tablet(scored): 2mg;5mg.

24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

clomipramine

Capsule: 10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).

24.5 Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use

Chewinggum:2mg;4mg(aspolacrilex).
nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT)

Transdermalpatch:5mgto30mg/16hrs;7mgto
21mg/24hrs.

ComplementaryList
Concentratefororalliquid:5mg/mL;10mg/mL
(hydrochloride).
methadone*

Oralliquid:5mg/5mL;10mg/5mL(hydrochloride).
*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.The
medicinesshouldonlybeusedwithinanestablished
supportprogramme.

25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
beclometasone

Inhalation(aerosol): 50 micrograms(dipropionate)
perdose;100micrograms(dipropionate)perdose
(asCFCfreeforms).

budesonide[c]

Inhalation(aerosol): 100microgramsperdose;
200microgramsperdose.

epinephrine(adrenaline)

Injection: 1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogen
tartrate)in
1mLampoule.

ipratropiumbromide

Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.

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Inhalation(aerosol): 100micrograms(assulfate)per
dose.
Injection: 50 micrograms (as sulfate)/ mL in 5 mL
ampoule.

salbutamol

Metereddoseinhaler(aerosol):100micrograms(as
sulfate)perdose.
Respirator solution for use in nebulizers: 5mg (as
sulfate)/mL.
26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACIDBASE
DISTURBANCES
26.1 Oral
oralrehydrationsalts

Seesection17.5.1.

potassiumchloride

Powderforsolution.

26.2 Parenteral
Injectablesolution: 5%(isotonic);10%(hypertonic);
50%(hypertonic).

glucose

Injectablesolution: 4%glucose,0.18%sodium
chloride
(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/L,Cl30mmol/L).
Injectablesolution:5%glucose,0.9%sodium
chloride(equivalenttoNa+150mmol/LandCl
150mmol/L);5%glucose,0.45%sodiumchloride
(equivalenttoNa+75mmol/LandCl75mmol/L)
[c].

glucosewithsodiumchloride

Solution: 11.2%in20 mL ampoule

(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/mL,Cl1.5mmol/mL).
potassiumchloride

Solutionfordilution:7.5%(equivalenttoK1mmol/
mLandCl1mmol/mL)[c];15%(equivalenttoK2
mmol/mLandCl2mmol/mL)[c].
Injectablesolution: 0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+
154mmol/L,Cl154mmol/L).

sodiumchloride

Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+
167mmol/L,HCO3167mmol/L).
sodiumhydrogencarbonate
Solution:8.4%in10mLampoule(equivalentto
Na+1000mmol/L,HCO31000mmol/L).
sodiumlactate,compoundsolution

Injectablesolution.

26.3 Miscellaneous
waterforinjection

2mL;5mL;10mLampoules.

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27. VITAMINS AND MINERALS

ascorbicacid

Tablet: 50mg.

calcium

Tablet:500mg(elemental).
Oralliquid: 400IU/ mL.

cholecalciferol*[c]

Solidoraldosageform:400IU;1000IU.
*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.
Oralliquid: 250micrograms/mL(10000IU/ mL).

ergocalciferol

Solidoraldosageform:1.25mg(50000IU).
Capsule: 200 mg.
iodine

Iodizedoil:1mL(480mgiodine);0.5mL(240mg
iodine)inampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57mL(308
mgiodine)indispenserbottle.

nicotinamide

Tablet: 50mg.

pyridoxine

Tablet: 25mg(hydrochloride).
Capsule: 50000IU;100 000IU;200000IU(as
palmitate).
Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mLin
multidosedispenser.

retinol

Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).
Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)
in
2mLampoule.

riboflavin

Tablet: 5mg.

sodiumfluoride

Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.

thiamine

Tablet: 50mg(hydrochloride).

ComplementaryList
calciumgluconate

Injection:100mg/mLin10mLampoule.

28. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT MEDICINES [c]

aceticacid

Topical:2%,inalcohol.

budesonide

Nasalspray:100microgramsperdose.

ciprofloxacin

Topical:0.3%drops(ashydrochloride).
Nasalspray: 0.05%.

xylometazolinea

aNot in children less than 3 months.

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29. SPECIFIC MEDICINES FOR NEONATAL CARE

29.1 Medicines administered to the neonate [c]
Injection: 20 mg/ mL (equivalent to 10mg caffeine
base/mL).

caffeinecitrate

Oralliquid:20mg/mL(equivalentto10mgcaffeine
base/mL).
Solution or gel: 7.1% (digluconate) delivering 4%
chlorhexidine(forumbilicalcordcare)[c].

Chlorhexidine
ComplementaryList
ibuprofen

Solutionforinjection:5mg/mL.
Solutionforinjection:

prostaglandinE

ProstaglandinE1:0.5mg/mLinalcohol.
ProstaglandinE2:1mg/mL.
Suspension for intratracheal instillation: 25mg/mL
or80mg/mL.

surfactant

29.2 Medicines administered to the mother

Injection:4mg/ mL dexamethasonephosphate(as
disodiumsalt)

dexamethasone

30. MEDICINES FOR DISEASES OF JOINTS

30.1 Medicines used to treat gout
allopurinol

Tablet: 100mg.

30.2 Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

chloroquine

Tablet: 100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).

ComplementaryList
azathioprine

Tablet: 50mg.

hydroxychloroquine[c]

Solidoraldosageform: 200mg(assulfate).

methotrexate

Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).

penicillamine

Solidoraldosageform:250mg.

sulfasalazine

Tablet:500mg.

30.3 Juvenile joint diseases

Suppository:50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid*(acuteor
chronicuse)

Tablet:100mgto500mg.
*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.

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Table 1.1: Medicines with age or weight restrictions

atazanavir
atropine
benzylbenzoate
betamethasonetopicalpreparations
cefazolin
ceftriaxone
darunavir
diloxanide
doxycycline
efavirenz
fluoxetine
ibuprofen
mefloquine
metoclopramide
nevirapine
ondansetron
saquinavir
silversulfadiazine
tetracaine
trimethoprim
xylometazoline

>25kg
>3months
>2years
hydrocortisonepreferredinneonates
>1month
>41weekscorrectedgestationalage
>3years
>25kg
>8years(exceptforseriousinfectionse.g.cholera)
>3yearsor>10kg
>8years
>3months(exceptIVformforpatentductusarteriosus)
>5kgor>3months
Notinneonates
>6weeks
>1month
>25kg
>2months
Notinpretermneonates
>6months
>3months

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Table 1.2: Explanation of dosage forms

A. Principal dosage forms used in EML oral administration

Term

Solidoraldosageform

Tablets

Tablets(qualified)

Definition

Referstotabletsorcapsulesorothersoliddosageformssuchasmelts
thatareimmediatereleasepreparations.Itimpliesthatthereisno
differenceinclinicalefficacyorsafetybetweentheavailabledosage
forms,andcountriesshouldthereforechoosetheform(s)tobelisted
dependingonqualityandavailability.

Thetermsolidoraldosageformisneverintendedtoallowanytypeof
modifiedreleasetablet.

Refersto:

uncoatedorcoated(filmcoatedorsugarcoated)tabletsthatare
intendedtobeswallowedwhole;

unscoredandscored*;
tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedordissolvedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed.

Thetermtabletwithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasetablet.

Referstoaspecifictypeoftablet:
chewabletabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeing
swallowed;
dispersibletabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
solubletabletsthatareintendedtobedissolvedinwateroranother
suitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
crushabletabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeing
swallowed;
scoredtabletsbearingabreakmarkormarkswheresubdivisionis
intendedinordertoprovidedosesoflessthanonetablet;
sublingualtabletsthatareintendedtobeplacedbeneaththetongue.

Thetermtabletisalwaysqualifiedwithanadditionalterm(in
parentheses)inentrieswhereoneofthefollowingtypesoftabletis
intended:gastroresistant(suchtabletsmaysometimesbedescribedas
entericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranother
modifiedreleaseform.

Scoredtabletsmaybedividedforeaseofswallowing,providedthatdoseisawholenumberof
tablets.

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19thedition

Term

Capsules

Capsules(qualified)

Granules

Oralpowder

Oralliquid

Definition

Referstohardorsoftcapsules.

Thetermcapsulewithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasecapsule.

Thetermcapsulewithqualificationreferstogastroresistant(such
capsulesmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayed
release),prolongedreleaseoranothermodifiedreleaseform.

Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientasgranulestobeswallowed
withoutfurtherpreparation,tobechewed,ortobetakeninorwith
wateroranothersuitableliquid.

Thetermgranuleswithoutfurtherqualificationisneverintendedto
allowanytypeofmodifiedreleasegranules.

Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientaspowder(usuallyassingle
dose)tobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.

Liquidpreparationsintendedtobeswallowed i.e.oralsolutions,
suspensions,emulsionsandoraldrops,includingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorgranules,butnotthosepreparationsintendedfororomucosal
administratione.g.garglesandmouthwashes.

Oralliquidspresentedaspowdersorgranulesmayofferbenefitsinthe
formofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetype
oforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,
granulesforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcases
shouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontain
sugarandthatsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.

B. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc parenteral administration

Term
Injection
Injection(qualified)
Injection(oily)
Intravenousinfusion

Definition
Referstosolutions,suspensionsandemulsionsincludingthose
constitutedfrompowdersorconcentratedsolutions.
Routeofadministrationisindicatedinparentheseswhererelevant.
Theterm`injectionisqualifiedby`(oily)inrelevantentries.
Referstosolutionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorconcentratedsolutions.

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C. Other dosage forms

Modeof
administration
Totheeye
Topical
Rectal
Vaginal
Inhalation

Termtobeused
Eyedrops,eyeointments.
Forliquids:lotions,paints.
Forsemisolids:cream,ointment.
Suppositories,gelorsolution.
Pessariesorvaginaltablets.
Powderforinhalation,pressurizedinhalation,nebulizer.

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19thedition

Index
abacavir (ABC)
abacavir + lamivudine
acetazolamide
acetic acid
acetylcysteine
acetylsalicylic acid
aciclovir
albendazole
alcohol based hand rub
allopurinol
all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
amidotrizoate
amikacin
amiloride
amiodarone
amitriptyline
amlodipine
amodiaquine
amoxicillin
amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
amphotericin B
ampicillin
anti-D immunoglobulin
antitetanus immunoglobulin
antivenom immunoglobulin
artemether
artemether + lumefantrine
artesunate
artesunate + amodiaquine
artesunate + mefloquine
ascorbic acid
asparaginase
atazanavir
atracurium
atropine
azathioprine
azithromycin
barium sulfate
BCG vaccine
beclometasone
bedaquiline
bendamustine
benzathine benzylpenicillin
benznidazole
benzoyl peroxide
benzyl benzoate
benzylpenicillin
betamethasone
bevacizumab
bicalutamide
biperiden
bisoprolol
bleomycin
budesonide
bupivacaine
caffeine citrate
calamine
calcium
calcium folinate
calcium gluconate
capecitabine
capreomycin
carbamazepine
carboplatin
cefalexin
cefazolin

12
13
38
42
4
2, 18, 29, 43
12, 37
6
31
19, 43
19
30
11
31
28
2, 40
28
16
6
6
11, 15
7
26
27
35
16
16
16
16
16
42
19
13
37
1, 4, 38
19, 43
8, 37
30, 31
36
40
11
19
7
18
30
30
7
30
38
24
25
27, 28, 29
19
40, 42
1
43
30
42
19
4, 42
19
11
5, 40
20
7
7

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

cefixime
cefotaxime
ceftazidime
ceftriaxone
charcoal, activated
chlorambucil
chloramphenicol
chlorhexidine
chlorine base compound
chloroquine
chloroxylenol
chlorpromazine
chlorpromazine
cholecalciferol
cholera vaccine
ciclosporin
ciprofloxacin
cisplatin
clarithromycin
clindamycin
clofazimine
clomifene
clomipramine
clopidogrel
clotrimazole
cloxacillin
clozapine
coagulation factor IX
coagulation factor VIII
coal tar
codeine
condoms
copper-containing device
cyclizine
cyclophosphamide
cycloserine
cytarabine
dacarbazine
daclatasvir
dactinomycin
dapsone
darunavir
dasabuvir
daunorubicin
deferoxamine
delamanid
desmopressin
dexamethasone
dextran 70
diaphragms
diazepam
diethylcarbamazine
digoxin
diloxanide
dimercaprol
diphtheria antitoxin
diphtheria vaccine
docetaxel
docusate sodium
dopamine
doxorubicin
doxycycline
efavirenz (EFV or EFZ)
efavirenz + emtricitabine + tenofovir
eflornithine
emtricitabine + tenofovir

7
7
8
7
4
20
8
31
31
16, 17, 43
31
39
39
42
37
19
8, 42
20
8
9
9
35
40
29
11
7
39
27
27
30
2
34
34
2
20
11
20
20
15
20
9
13
15
21
4, 26
11
26
2, 3, 24, 32, 43
27
34
3, 5, 40
6
27, 29
15
4
35
36
21
3
29
21
8, 17
13
13
18
14
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enalapril
28, 29
enoxaparin
25
entecavir
14
ephedrine
1
epinephrine (adrenaline)
3, 28, 38, 40
ergocalciferol
42
ergometrine
38
erythromycin
9
estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate
34
ethambutol
10
ethambutol + isoniazid
10
ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin
10
ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin
10
ethanol
31
ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel
33
ethinylestradiol + norethisterone
33
ethionamide
11
ethosuximide
5
etonogestrel-releasing implant
34
etoposide
21
ferrous salt
25
ferrous salt + folic acid
25
filgrastim
22
fluconazole
11
flucytosine
11
fludarabine
21
fludrocortisone
33
fluorescein
30
fluorouracil
21, 30
fluoxetine
3, 40
fluphenazine
39
folic acid
25
fomepizole
4
fresh frozen plasma
26
furosemide
29, 31
gemcitabine
22
gentamicin
9, 37
gliclazide
34
glucagon
34
glucose
41
glucose with sodium chloride
41
glutaral
31
glyceryl trinitrate
27
griseofulvin
12
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
36
haloperidol
3, 39
halothane
1
heparin sodium
25, 26
hepatitis A vaccine
37
hepatitis B vaccine
36
HPV vaccine
36
hydralazine
28
hydrochlorothiazide
28, 29, 31
hydrocortisone
3, 24, 30, 32, 33
hydroxocobalamin
25
hydroxycarbamide
22, 26
hydroxychloroquine
43
hyoscine butylbromide
3
hyoscine hydrobromide
3
ibuprofen
2, 18, 43
ifosfamide
22
imatinib
22
imipenem + cilastatin
8
influenza vaccine
37
insulin injection (soluble)
34
intermediate-acting insulin
34
intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)
39
19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

iodine
iohexol
ipratropium bromide
irinotecan
isoflurane
isoniazid
isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin
isoniazid + rifampicin
isosorbide dinitrate
ivermectin
Japanese encephalitis vaccine
kanamycin
ketamine
lactulose
lamivudine (3TC)
lamivudine + nevirapine + stavudine
lamivudine + nevirapine + zidovudine
lamivudine + zidovudine
latanoprost)
ledipasvir + sofosbuvir
leuprorelin
levamisole
levodopa + carbidopa
levofloxacin
levonorgestrel
levonorgestrel-releasing implant
levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
levothyroxine
lidocaine
lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline)
linezolid
lithium carbonate
loperamide
lopinavir + ritonavir (LPV/r)
loratadine
lorazepam
Lugol's solution
magnesium sulfate
mannitol
measles vaccine
mebendazole
medroxyprogesterone acetate
mefloquine
meglumine iotroxate
melarsoprol
meningococcal meningitis vaccine
mercaptopurine
mesna
metformin
methadone
methotrexate
methyldopa
methylprednisolone
methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
metoclopramide
metronidazole
miconazole
midazolam
mifepristone
miltefosine
misoprostol
morphine
mumps vaccine
mupirocin
naloxone
neostigmine
nevirapine (NVP)
niclosamide

42
30
40
22
1
10
10
10
27
6
36
11
1
3
12
14
14
14
38
15
24
6
25
11
33
34
34
35
1, 28
1
11
40
3
13
4
5
35
5
31
36
6
34, 35
17
31
18
37
22
22
35
40
23, 43
28
24
4
32
9, 15
29
1, 3, 5
39
15
38, 39
1, 2
37
30
4
37
13
6
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nicotinamide
42
nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
40
nifedipine
39
nifurtimox
18
nitrofurantoin
9
nitrous oxide
1
norethisterone enantate
34
normal immunoglobulin
27
nystatin
12
ofloxacin
38
ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir
15
omeprazole
32
ondansetron
3, 32
oral rehydration salts
33, 41
oseltamivir
14
oxaliplatin
23
oxamniquine
6
oxygen
1
oxytocin
39
packed red blood cells
26
paclitaxel
23
p-aminosalicylic acid
11
pancreatic enzymes
31
paracetamol
2, 18
paromomycin
15
pegylated interferon alfa 2a
15
penicillamine
4, 43
pentamidine
18
permethrin
30
pertussis vaccine
36
phenobarbital
5
phenoxymethylpenicillin
7
phenytoin
5
phytomenadione
26
pilocarpine
38
platelet concentrates
26
pneumococcal vaccine
36
podophyllum resin
30
poliomyelitis vaccine
36
potassium chloride
41
potassium ferric hexacyano-ferrate(II) -2H20 (Prussian blue)4
potassium iodide
12, 35
potassium permanganate
30
povidone iodine
31
praziquantel
6
prednisolone
4, 25, 38
primaquine
17
procaine benzylpenicillin
7
procarbazine
23
progesterone vaginal ring
34
proguanil
17
propofol
1
propranolol
18
propylthiouracil
35
prostaglandin E
43
protamine sulfate
26
pyrantel
6
pyrazinamide
10
pyridostigmine
37
pyridoxine
42
pyrimethamine
17
quinine
17
rabies immunoglobulin
26
rabies vaccine
37
ranitidine
32
retinol
42
ribavirin
14, 15
riboflavin
42
19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

rifabutin
rifampicin
rifapentine
risperidone
ritonavir
rituximab
rotavirus vaccine
rubella vaccine
salbutamol
salicylic acid
saquinavir (SQV)
selenium sulfide
senna
silver sulfadiazine
simeprevir
simvastatin
sodium calcium edetate
sodium chloride
sodium fluoride
sodium hydrogen carbonate
sodium lactate
sodium nitrite
sodium nitroprusside
sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimoniate
sodium thiosulfate
sofosbuvir
spectinomycin
spironolactone
stavudine (d4T)
streptokinase
streptomycin
succimer
sulfadiazine
sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine
sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim
sulfasalazine
suramin sodium
surfactant
suxamethonium
tamoxifen
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
terbinafine
testosterone
tetanus vaccine
tetracaine
tetracycline
thiamine
thioguanine
tick-borne encephalitis vaccine
timolol
tranexamic acid
trastuzumab
triclabendazole
trimethoprim
tropicamide
tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)
typhoid vaccine
urea
valganciclovir
valproic acid (sodium valproate)
vancomycin
varicella vaccine
vecuronium
verapamil
vinblastine
vincristine
vinorelbine
warfarin

10
10
10
39
13
23
36
36
41
30
13
29
3, 32
30
15
29
4
41
42
41
41
4
28
16
4, 29
14
9
29, 31
12
29
11
4
17
17
9, 17
32, 43
18
43
37
25
12, 14
29
33
36
38
38
42
23
37
38
26
23
6
9
30
35
37
30
14
5, 6, 40
9
37
37
27, 28
23
24
24
26
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water for injection

whole blood
xylometazoline

19thedition

41
26
42

yellow fever vaccine

zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)
zinc sulfate

36
13
33

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