Lab-5, Exploring the Op-Amp

Physics U371/372, Electronics for Scientists, Fall 2006

Don Heiman, Northeastern University (10/15/06)

This experiment will acquaint you with the robust, not-very-fancy 741 op-amp. It was
developed by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1966, yet is still one of the most used today. Op-amps
have superior properties compared to equivalent circuits made from discrete components. Opamps are inexpensive (as low as $0.25), far simpler to use, require less wiring, and occupy a
smaller space. In this lab you will measure a number of op-amp properties. In future
experiments you will use them in various applications.
As always, before wiring a circuit, you should draw the circuit diagram. (To emphasize
this point, the circuit diagram is deliberately omitted here.) The circuit diagram should show the
relevant pin connections, with the pin numbers and designations indicated. For example, the
pins for the op-amp power are often labeled Vcc=V+ and Vee=V-. To see what the op-amp
requires, refer to the specifications (attached, in textbook, or search the web).
You will encounter the idea of feedback especially negative feedback for the first time.
This is a powerful concept applied in electronics. (I might add that while in everyday life
positive feedback is usually "good" and negative feedback is "bad," in electronics it is usually
just the other way around.)
Items needed:
breadboard, wiring kit, resistors, connecting cables
DMM, 12-15V power supply for V+=+15V (Vcc) and V-=-15V (Vee), +5V power supply,
function generator, scope
NJM4741 quad op-amp, semiconductor data

I. Preliminary Test
Write down the specifications for the 4741 (maximum values, input/output impedance, input
bias/offset, and slew rate)
1. Connect V+, V- and ground to power the 741; and a +5 V supply between the inverting and
noninverting inputs of a 741. Dont mistake the power supply voltages (V+ and V-) with the
inputs denoted as V+ and V- in the textbooks.
Q: What is Vout?
2. Reverse the polarity of the 5 V supply.
Q: What is Vout now?
Q: Are the results what you expect from the open loop gain?
II. Input Offset Voltage
For ideal op-amps the output should be zero when the inputs are connected together. For real
op-amps this is not normally true. The output voltage in this case is called output offset voltage.
It may be a problem because it can depend strongly on temperature and supply voltage.
Construct an inverting amplifier with a nominal gain of G = -100.

1. Explain why you choose the resistors.

2. Measure Vout when the input is grounded.
3. Compute the input offset voltage.
Q: Does the input offset voltage agree with the specifications?
III. Frequency Dependence
Devices are often limited in their "gain-bandwidth product." This means that the gain
(GVout/Vin) decreases as the frequency (f) increases, such that their product is a constant. Here,
you will measure the voltage gain of a sine wave as a function of the f. Construct an inverting
amplifier with a nominal gain of Go = -10.
1. Connect the Vin and Vout sine waves to the two scope inputs (AC coupling).
2. Starting from f =10 Hz, record the peak-to-peak amplitudes while increasing f (by factors of 5
or 10) up to 1 MHz. Note that Vin may change with f.
3. From a rough plot of the measured G(f) on a log-log graph, see where you need to fill in extra
data points, especially near 0.7*Gmax.
4. Next, repeat the G(f) measurements with Go = -100.
5. Plot G(f) for both Go's on the same graph.
Q: At what frequency is the "3-dB point", f(3-dB), where Gmax is reduced to 0.707*Gmax,
(equivalently, where power is reduced by a factor of 0.5)?
Q: Does f(3-dB) agree with the specification graph?
6. Compare the gain-bandwidth product [Gmax * f(3-dB)] for the two Go's
.
IV. Slew Rate
Op-amps and transistors have difficulty swinging large voltages at high frequencies. This is
quantified by the time derivative of voltage (V/microsecond) and called "slew rate." Using a Go
= -2.0 circuit, set the input frequency to fo=20 kHz sawtooth waveform.
1. Adjust the input amplitude to get an output amplitude Vpp of about 1 volt and compute the
gain.
Increase the input amplitude to see where the gain begins to decrease.
2. Plot gain versus Vpp in the transition region.
Q: What is the value of Vpp where the gain begins to decrease?
3. Compare the measured maximum slew rate (Vpp/2)/(T/4)=2foVpp to the specification.
Q: Under what conditions would you use a 741 for good music fidelity using an 8 ohm
speaker?

HA-4741

Data Sheet

July 2004

FN2922.5

Quad, 3.5MHz, Operational Amplifier

Features

HA-4741, which contains four amplifiers on a monolithic

chip, provides a new measure of performance for general
purpose operational amplifiers. Each amplifier in the
HA-4741 has operating specifications that equal or exceed
those of the 741-type amplifier in all categories of
performance.

Slew Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6V/Ps

Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5MHz
Input Voltage Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9nV/Hz
Input Offset Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5mV
Input Bias Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60nA

HA-4741 is well suited to applications requiring accurate

signal processing by virtue of its low values of input offset
voltage (0.5mV), input bias current (60nA) and input voltage
noise (9nV/Hz at 1kHz). 3.5MHz bandwidth, coupled with
high open-loop gain, allow the HA-4741 to be used in
designs requiring amplification of wide band signals, such as
audio amplifiers. Audio application is further enhanced by
the HA-4741s negligible output crossover distortion.
These excellent dynamic characteristics also make the
HA-4741 ideal for a wide range of active filter designs.
Performance integrity of multi-channel designs is assured by
a high level of amplifier-to-amplifier isolation (69dB at
10kHz).
A wide range of supply voltages (r2V to r20V) can be used
to power the HA-4741, making it compatible with almost any
system including battery-powered equipment.
HA-4741/883 product and data sheets available upon
request.

Supply Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r2V to r20V

No Crossover Distortion
Standard Quad Pinout

Applications
Universal Active Filters
D3 Communications Filters
Audio Amplifiers
Battery-Powered Equipment

Pinout
HA-4741 (PDIP, CERDIP)
TOP VIEW

-IN1 2
+IN1 3

Ordering Information

14 OUT4

OUT1 1
1

- 13 -IN4
+ 12 +IN4
11 V-

V+ 4

PART
NUMBER

TEMP.
RANGE (C)

HA1-4741-2

-55 to 125

HA3-4741-5

0 to 75

PACKAGE

PKG. DWG. #

14 Ld CERDIP F14.3
14 Ld PDIP

E14.3

+IN2 5 +
-IN2 6
OUT2 7

+ 10 +IN3

9 -IN3
8 OUT3

CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Harris Corporation 1990, 1993, 1996, 1998. Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2003, 2004. All Rights Reserved.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.

HA-4741
Absolute Maximum Ratings

Thermal Information

TA = 25C Unless Otherwise Stated

Supply Voltage Between V+ and V- Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40V
Differential Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30V
Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VSUPPLY
Output Short Circuit Duration (Note 3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indefinite

Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 2)

TJA (C/W)

TJC (C/W)

CERDIP Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
35
PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
107
N/A
Maximum Junction Temperature (Ceramic Package, Note 1) . . . . 175C
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Packages, Note 1) . . . . . 150C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . -65C to 150C
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . 300C
(Lead Tips Only)

Operating Conditions
Temperature Range:
HA-4741-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55C to 125C
HA-4741-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0C to 75C

CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.

NOTES:
1. Maximum power dissipation, including output load, must be designed to maintain junction temperature below 175C for the ceramic package,
and below 150C for the plastic packages.
2. TJA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
3. One amplifier may be shorted to ground indefinitely.

Electrical Specifications

VSUPPLY = r15V, Unless Otherwise Specified

TEST
CONDITIONS

HA-4741-2

HA-4741-5

TEMP.
(C)

MIN

TYP

MAX

MIN

TYP

MAX

UNITS

25

0.5

mV

Full

6.5

mV

Average Offset Voltage Drift

Full

PV/C

Bias Current

25

60

200

60

300

nA

Full

325

400

nA

25

15

30

30

50

nA

Full

75

100

nA

Common Mode Range

Full

r12

r12

Differential Input Resistance

25

0.5

0.5

M:

f = 1kHz

25

nV/Hz

VOUT = r10V,
RL = 2k:

25

50

100

25

50

kV/V

Full

25

15

kV/V

25

80

95

80

95

dB

Full

74

74

dB

Channel Separation (Note 4)

25

66

69

66

69

dB

Small Signal Bandwidth

25

2.5

3.5

2.5

3.5

MHz

PARAMETER
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Offset Voltage

Offset Current

Input Voltage Noise

TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS
Large Signal Voltage Gain

Common Mode Rejection Ratio

OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Swing

RL = 10k:

Full

r12

r13.7

r12

r13.7

Output Voltage Swing

RL = 2k:

Full

r10

r12.5

r10

r12.5

25

25

25

kHz

Full

r5

r15

r5

r15

mA

25

300

300

Full Power Bandwidth (Notes 5, 6)

VOUT = r10V

Output Current
Output Resistance

HA-4741
Electrical Specifications

VSUPPLY = r15V, Unless Otherwise Specified (Continued)

TEST
CONDITIONS

PARAMETER

HA-4741-2

HA-4741-5

TEMP.
(C)

MIN

TYP

MAX

MIN

TYP

MAX

UNITS

25

75

140

75

140

ns

25

25

40

25

40

25

r1.6

r1.6

V/Ps

25

4.5

mA

Full

80

95

80

95

dB

TRANSIENT RESPONSE RL = 2k:, CL = 50pF

VOUT = 0 to r200mV

Rise / Fall Time

Overshoot

VOUT = r5V

Slew Rate

POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS

Supply Current
'VS = r5V

Power Supply Rejection Ratio

NOTES:

4. Referred to input; f = 10kHz, RS = 1k:, VIN = 100mVPEAK.

5. VOUT = r10V, RL = 2k:.
6. Full power bandwidth guaranteed based upon slew rate measurement: FPBW = S.R./2S VPEAK.

Test Circuit and Waveforms

+
VIN

VOUT
50pF

2k:

FIGURE 1. SMALL AND LARGE SIGNAL TEST CIRCUIT

+5V
200mV

INPUT
-5V

+5V
OUTPUT
0
-5V

Volts = 5V/Div., Time = 5Ps/Div.

FIGURE 2. LARGE SIGNAL RESPONSE

Volts = 40mV/Div., Time = 100ns/Div.

FIGURE 3. SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE

HA-4741
Schematic Diagram
V+
R1
3K
Q2

Q1

Q3
Q15

Q13

+VIN

R6
80

R8
VOUT

-VIN

150
R7
80

Q5

Q4

Q12
R5
30K

T1

Q14

C1
Q10

Q7
Q6
Q8
R2
12.6K

D1

Q11

Q9
R3
18K

R4
20K
V-

VSUPPLY = r15V, TA = 25C, Unless Otherwise Specified

RL = 2K
CL= 50pF

100
90
80

GAIN

70
45

60
50

PHASE
90

40
30

135

20

PHASE (DEGREES)

OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)

110

OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VP-P)

Typical Performance Curves

VS = r15V

VO = 28V

30
10

1.0

VO = 18V

VS = r10V

VO = 8V

VS = r5V

VO = 2V

VS = r2V

(VOLTAGE FOLLOWER)
RL = f
CL = 50pF

0.1

10
180

0
-10
1

10

100

1K
10K
100K
FREQUENCY (Hz)

1M

10M

100

FIGURE 4. OPEN LOOP FREQUENCY RESPONSE

NORMALIZED VALUE REFERRED TO 25C

NORMALIZED AC PARAMETERS
REFERRED TO VALUE AT r15V

BANDWIDTH
1.0
SLEW RATE
BANDWIDTH

0.8

0.7
0

r5

r10
r15
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

FIGURE 6. NORMALIZED AC PARAMETERS vs SUPPLY

VOLTAGE

10K
FREQUENCY (Hz)

100K

1M

FIGURE 5. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING vs FREQUENCY

1.1

0.9

1K

r20

1.2

1.1

1.0
BANDWIDTH
SLEW RATE

.9

.8
-55

-25

25

50

75

TEMPERATURE (C)

FIGURE 7. NORMALIZED AC PARAMETERS vs

TEMPERATURE

100

125

HA-4741
VSUPPLY = r15V, TA = 25C, Unless Otherwise Specified (Continued)

1.2

25

1.0

20

0.8

VOLTAGE NOISE

15

0.6

10

0.4
CURRENT NOISE

5
0
10

100

1K
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2

RL = 2K
PHASE MARGIN (DEGREES)

30

50

40

30

20

10

10

FIGURE 8. INPUT NOISE vs FREQUENCY

100
1000
10,000
LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF)

0
100,000

FIGURE 9. SMALL SIGNAL BANDWIDTH AND PHASE

MARGIN vs LOAD CAPACITANCE

100

30
25

80

20

CURRENT (nA)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VP-P)

60

0
100K

10K

70

1.4
INPUT NOISE CURRENT (pA/Hz)

INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE (nV/Hz)

35

UNITY GAIN BANDWIDTH (MHz)

Typical Performance Curves

15
10

BIAS CURRENT
60

40
OFFSET CURRENT
20

0
100

1K
10K
LOAD RESISTANCE (:)

-50

100K

-25

200
POWER CONSUMPTION (mW)

50

75

100

FIGURE 11. INPUT BIAS AND OFFSET CURRENT vs 

TEMPERATURE

FIGURE 10. MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING vs LOAD

RESISTANCE

160
VS = r15
120
VS = r10
80
VS = r5
40

0
-50

-25

25

50

75

100

125

TEMPERATURE (C)

FIGURE 12. POWER CONSUMPTION vs TEMPERATURE

25

TEMPERATURE (C)

125

HA-4741
Die Characteristics

PASSIVATION:
Type: Nitride (Si3N4) over Silox (SiO2, 5% Phos.)
Silox Thickness: 12k r2k
Nitride Thickness: 3.5k r1.5k

DIE DIMENSIONS:
87 mils x 75 mils x 19 mils
2210Pm x 1910Pm x 483Pm

SUBSTRATE POTENTIAL (POWERED UP):

METALLIZATION:

V-

Type: Al, 1% Cu

Thickness: 16k r2k

TRANSISTOR COUNT:
72
PROCESS:
Junction Isolated Bipolar/JFET

Metallization Mask Layout

HA-4741
-IN4

+IN4

V-

+IN3

-IN3

OUT3

OUT4

OUT2

OUT1

-IN1

+IN1

V+

+IN2

This datasheet has been download from:

www.datasheetcatalog.com
Datasheets for electronics components.

-IN2