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r
a
d
e
sesquiterpenes
n
g
i
o
s
p
e
r
m
s
benzylisoquinoline alkaloids;
embryo sac 8-nucleate
e
a
r
l
y
A
N
I
T
A
woody, vessels lacking; dioecious; flw T58, A, G58; 1 ovule/carpel; embryo sac 9-nucleate; 1 species (New Caledonia)
nodes trilacunar
Magnoliids
features as in
Early Angiosperms
infl spadix with spathe; lvs axils with mucilaginous intravaginal squamules
ovules atropous, with epidermal perisperm and copious endosperm; idioblasts with ethereal oils
mostly herbs and aquatics; rhizomatous; hydrophilous; intravaginal squamules
flw G apocarpous; placentation often laminal; endosperm helobial; embryo large/green
Monocots
Ca oxalate
raphides
endosperm
nuclear
helobial,
nectaries
when present
septal
Commelinids
UV-fluorescing cell walls
(ferulic/coumaric acids)
silicic acid in leaves
u
d
i
c
o
t
s
axial
nectary
common
pollen tricolpate
flw K/C/P opp A
filaments rather narrow
anthers basifixed
nodes trilacunar
stomata anomocytic
ethereal oils absent
benzylisoquinolines absent
c
o
r
e
a
b
i
d
s
u
d
i
c
o
t
s
N fix
embryo large,
endosperm scanty
lvs with
stipules
o
s
i
d
s
flw pentacyclic
parts alternating
G connate
K + C (free)
(A polyandrous)
pollen tricolporate
trihydroxyl-flavonoids
M
a
l
v
i
d
s
embryo
large
endosperm
scanty
Liverworts
Mosses
Hornworts
Lycophytes
Ferns
(incl. horsetails)
Palmferns
Ginkgo
Ephedra
Welwitschia
Gnetum
Conifers
Seed Gymnosperms
Plants
ANITA grade
Magnoliids
Angiosperms
Monocots
Fabids
mostly sympetalous
nectary gynoecial
ovules unitegmic
endosperm cellular
iridoids common
_______________________________________________________________________________________
- hypothetical tree based on molecular phylogenetic data (Jan 2012); branch lengths deliberate, not expressing actual time scale
- position of many characters on tree unclear; if a character is marked as being a potential synapomorphy at a node/for a clade,
this does not mean that all members of that clade possess that character; * orders added as of APG III (2009)
- this poster depicts only the largest and most important of the currently accepted approx. 450 families (according to APweb 2012)
for family characteristics see: Kubitzki K, ed. (1990 ff).
- References: APG III (2009); Judd W et al. (2007); Simpson M (2010); Soltis DE et al. (2005/2011);
Stevens PF (2012) APweb www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb; Watson/Dallwitz (2009) delta-intkey.com/angio/
Myrsinaceae and Theophrastaceae again included in Primulaceae by APG III
Thanks to Christoph Dobe, Ray F. Evert, Peter H. Raven, Douglas E. Soltis, Peter F. Stevens, Maximilian Weigend, Michael Wink
late
sympetaly
A=C,
epipetalous
polyandry
rare,
G(2)
infl
cymose
ellagic acid
lacking
a
m
ii
d
s
early
sympetaly
flw small
embryo
short
a
m
p
a
n
u
l
i
d
s
G inferior
s
t
e
r
i
d
s
Campanulids
fr usually
Lamiids
Asterids
woody; dioecious
flw small, C valvate, G unilocular; fruit indehiscent
iridoids (aucubin), gutta
Malvids
1few-seeded
Rosids
A mborellales*
N ymphaeales *
Amborellaceae
Cabombaceae
Hydatellaceae
Austrobaileyales
Austrobaileyaceae
Chloranthales*
Chloranthaceae
Canellales
Canellaceae
Winteraceae
Aristolochiaceae
Hydnoraceae
Piperaceae
Saururaceae
Piperales
Laurales
Calycanthaceae
Gomortegaceae
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Degeneriaceae
Acorales
Acoraceae
Nymphaeaceae
Hernandiaceae
Lauraceae
Monimiaceae
Siparunaceae
Eupomatiaceae
Himantandraceae
Magnoliaceae
Myristicaceae
Alismatales
Petrosaviales*
Petrosaviaceae
Dioscoreales
Pandanales
Burmanniaceae Dioscoreaceae
Nartheciaceae
Cyclanthaceae
Velloziaceae
Liliales
Alstroemeriaceae
Colchicaceae
Asparagales
Arecales
Trimeniaceae
Pandanaceae
Corsiaceae
Liliaceae
Ruppiaceae
Scheuchzeriaceae
Zosteraceae
Taccaceae
Melanthiaceae
Petermanniaceae
Philesiaceae
Smilacaceae
Poales
Commelinales
Commelinaceae
Zingiberales
Cannaceae
Costaceae
Ceratophyllales
Ceratophyllaceae
Ranunculales
Sabiales
Proteales
Berberidaceae
Circaeasteraceae
Trochodendrales*
Trochodendraceae
Buxales*
Gunnerales
Gunneraceae
Dilleniales
Dilleniaceae
Saxifragales
Altingiaceae
Cercidiphyllaceae
Crassulaceae
Vitales*
Haemodoraceae
Heliconiaceae
Lowiaceae
Pontederiaceae
Marantaceae
Musaceae
Eupteleaceae
Lardizabalaceae
Strelitziaceae
Zingiberaceae
Menispermaceae
Papaveraceae
Ranunculaceae
Sabiaceae
Nelumbonaceae
Platanaceae
Proteaceae
Haptanthaceae
Myrothamnaceae
Daphniphyllaceae
Grossulariaceae
Haloragaceae
Hamamelidaceae
Paeoniaceae
Saxifragaceae
Vitaceae
Zygophyllales*
Krameriaceae
Celastrales
Celastraceae
(incl. Hippocrateaceae, Brexiaceae)
Oxalidales
Brunelliaceae
Cephalotaceae
Connaraceae
Cunoniaceae
Elaeocarpaceae
Oxalidaceae
Huaceae
Malpighiales
Achariaceae
Chrysobalanaceae
Clusiaceae
Erythroxylaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Hypericaceae
Linaceae
Malpighiaceae
Ochnaceae
Passifloraceae
Phyllanthaceae
Picrodendraceae
Fabaceae
Polygalaceae
Quillajaceae
Fabales
Zygophyllaceae
Rosales
Barbeyaceae
Cannabaceae
Dirachmaceae
Elaeagnaceae
Moraceae
Rhamnaceae
Cucurbitales
Anisophyllaceae
Begoniaceae
Coriariaceae
Corynocarpaceae
Fagales
Betulaceae
Fagaceae
Casuarinaceae Juglandaceae
Geraniales
Francoaceae
Lepidobotryaceae
Parnassiaceae
Surianaceae
Rosaceae
Ulmaceae
Urticaceae (incl. Cecropiaceae)
Cucurbitaceae
Datiscaceae
Myricaceae
Nothofagaceae
Geraniaceae
Podostemaceae
Rhizophoraceae
Salicaceae
Violaceae
Tetramelaceae
Rhoipteleaceae
Ticodendraceae
Ledocarpaceae
Melianthaceae
Myrtales
Combretaceae
Myrtaceae
Penaeaceae (incl. Oliniaceae)
Lythraceae (incl. Punicaceae, Sonneratiaceae, Trapaceae)
Melastomataceae (incl. Memecylaceae)
Onagraceae
Vochysiaceae
Crossosomatales
Crossosomataceae
Geissolomataceae
Picramniales*
Picramniaceae
Sapindales
Anacardiaceae
Burseraceae
Huerteales*
Dipentodontaceae
Stachyuraceae
Staphyleaceae
Meliaceae
Nitrariaceae
Gerrardinaceae
Malvales
Bixaceae
Cistaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Brassicales
Bataceae
Brassicaceae
Capparaceae
Santalales
Balanophoraceae
Loranthaceae
Misodendraceae
Olacaceae
Berberidopsidales*
Aextoxicaceae
Berberidopsidaceae
Caryophyllales
Caricaceae
Cleomaceae
Koeberliniaceae
Caryophyllaceae
Didiereaceae
[incl. Chenopodiaceae] Droseraceae
Basellaceae
Drosophyllaceae
Cactaceae
Frankeniaceae
Ericales
Actinidiaceae
Balsaminaceae
Clethraceae
Ebenaceae
Ericaceae
Fouquieriaceae
Lecythidaceae
Myrsinaceae
Garryales
Eucommiaceae
Solanales
Petenaeaceae
Tapisciaceae
Opiliaceae
Schoepfiaceae
Santalaceae (incl. Viscaceae)
Grubbiaceae
Hydrangeaceae
Salvadoraceae
Tovariaceae
Tropaeolaceae
Molluginaceae
Nepenthaceae
Nyctaginaceae
Phytolaccaceae
Plumbaginaceae
Polygonaceae
Portulacaceae
Simmondsiaceae
Talinaceae
Tamaricaceae
Loasaceae
Nyssaceae
Polemoniaceae
Sarraceniaceae
Primulaceae
Styracaceae
Roridulaceae
Theaceae
Sapotaceae
Theophrastaceae
Boraginales
Boraginaceae
Codonaceae
Aquifoliales
Aquifoliaceae
Asterales
Asteraceae
Goodeniaceae
Calyceraceae
Menyanthaceae
Campanulaceae (incl. Lobeliaceae)
Escalloniales*
Simaroubaceae
Limnanthaceae
Moringaceae
Resedaceae
Aizoaceae
Amaranthaceae
Cornaceae
Curtisiaceae
Lamiales
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Cornales
Gentianales
Strasburgeriaceae
Cordiaceae
Ehretiaceae (+ Lennoa)
Plantaginaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Stilbaceae
Verbenaceae
Cardiopteridaceae
Wellstediaceae
Stemonuraceae
Pentaphragmataceae
Rousseaceae
Stylidiaceae
Escalloniaceae
Bruniales*
Bruniaceae
A piales
Apiaceae
Araliaceae
Paracryphiales*
Paracryphiaceae
Dipsacales
Adoxaceae
Caprifoliaceae
Diervillaceae
Dipsacaceae
Pennantiaceae
Pittosporaceae
Linnaeaceae
Morinaceae
Valerianaceae