NEURONS - the BASIC element of behavior

has nerve cells that are the basic

element of the nervous system

Glial cells- holds the neuron and provides

nourishment, insulates, repairs and supports neural
functioning.

PARTS OF NEURON
DENDRITE
Receives the messages from the other neurons.
AXON
carries messages to other neurons.
>myelin sheath, protective coat of fat and protein
that increases velocity
NODE OF RANVIER
TERMINAL BUTTONS
>end of axon that sends messages to other neurons.

How do neurons meet?

How do neurons receive messages?
How does a person think and behave?
SYNAPSE- is the space between two neurons
where the axon of the sending neuron
communicates with the dendrite of a receiving
neuron by using chemical messages
ALL OR NON-LAW - THE NEURON IS EITHER
ON OR OFF
Resting state/action potential Inhibitory/
excitatory message
Reuptake

NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Neurotransmitters

Function

ACETYLCHOLINE

Muscle movement/cognitive functioning

GLUTAMATE

Memory

GAMMA AMINO BUTYRIC

Eating, aggression, sleeping

ACID
Muscle, Mental disorder, Parkinson
DOPAMINE

SEROTONIN

Depression, sleeping, eating,

mood, pain
Pain , suppression, pleasurable feeling,

ENDORPHINS

appetites, placebos

CENTRAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM

PERIPHERAL

BRAIN AND SPINAL

NERVOUS

CORD

SYSTEM

AUTONOMICSYMPATHETIC
SOMATIC

AND
PARASYMPATHETIC

Brain and spinal cord- communication channel

Controls behavior "REFLEX"

Kinds of neuron involved in reflexes
SENSORY/ AFFERENT
MOTOR/EFFERENT
INTERNEURONS

SOMATIC- voluntary by means of senses

AUTONOMIC- internal such as heart, lungs etc..
sympathetic- big "O", extra energy
parasympathetic- arousal,daily energy

ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
GLANDS
PITUITARY
PARATHYROID

FUNCTION

hormones

GROWTH

SOMATOTROPHIN

METABOLISM
PARATHORMONE

THYROID
THYMUS
ADRENAL
GLAND

IMMUNE SYSTEM
SODIUM AND
POTASSIUM

ANDROSTENEDIONE
ALDOSTERONE

HAIR GROWTH
INSULIN

PANCREAS

CONTROL OF

GLUCAGON

SUGAR
METABOLISM
ESTROGEN

OVARY
TESTIS

REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS

PROGESTERONE
TESTOSTERONE

OXYTOCIN

BRAIN
CEREBRAL CORTEX- Left hemisphere- mind
Right hemisphere- heart
connected by Corpus Callosum
THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS
Emotions- thalamus, responsible for feelings
while hypothalamus, responsible for the act of feelings.
PONS- for sleep and arousal paired with reticular
formation that is responsible also with sleep, arousal and
attention.
CEREBELLUM- for appropriate action

MEDULLA- involuntary actions, digestion, heart,

breathing circulation etc.
HIPPOCAMPUS- memory
LOBES: FRONTAL- MOTOR AREA- controls
voluntary movement
BROCA'S area- speech
"Broca'saphasia"
PARIETAL- Somatosensory Association area
TEMPORAL- Auditory function
WERNICKE'S AREA- area for understanding
both speech and production of language
OCCIPITAL- visual sense