GRAMMAR OUTLOOK

A. THE SNAP-SHOT
NOUN

PRONOUN

ADJECTIVE

VERB

PARTS OF
SPEECH ADVERB

PREPOSITION

CONJUNCTION

INTERJECTION

BUT OH , HE RUSHED QUICKLY TOWARD THE GOAL

( Conj) ( Interject ) ( Pron ) ( Verb ) ( Adverb ) ( Prep) ( Adj ) ( Noun )

SENTENCE, CLAUSE, PHRASE

COHERENCE AND UNITY

PARTS OF
SENTENCE EMPHASYS AND VARIETY

SENTENCE ANALYSIS

PARSING & SYNTAX

 UNIT 1
NOUN
a name of anything

A. THE SNAP - SHOT

a. collective
 audience , class , club , the poor , family , regiment , the rich
parliament , College of Cardinals ,Congress ,Etc

b. concentrate / capable of being conceived on the senses

 ball , can , desk , shirt , stone ,the poor , the rich ,the good ,the
brave , the true , the pure , the common ,the special ,etc

c abstract
 Fear , happiness , perfection , strength , knowledge , distance ,
honesty , advice , choice , childhood , weight , belief , pleasure ,
leakage , heroism , friendship , roundness , heaviness, etc
Service/serving/to serve
d. diminutive / a derivative indicating something small, young or loved

COMMON & * booklet, wordling , kitten, birdie , kid , etc

PARTICULAR/ PROPER
e. agent
 Pianist , teacher , student , employee , employer ,
interviewer , interviewee , etc

- Masculine
# bachelor , boy , ,bull , cock , groom , horse ,
Monk ,drake , earl , duke , king , actor ,nephew
f. gender don , emperor , governor , god , hero , tiger , etc
- Feminine
* Spinster , girl , cow , hen , bride , mare , lady , nun ,
duck, queen , actress , niece , Donna , empress ,
Lioness ,shepherdess ,governess, goddess, heroine,
prophetess, mistress ,etc
Common
* child, parent,friend etc ,mistress prophetess
g. person
* Bill , Joe , Gilbert , American,European,Chinese,surabayan ,etc
Alexander-the great,St John,Popeye-the sailor, etc
- Singular
* a dog , an apple ,a foot , an hour , a wish
a university ,a hero , a wish , a man , etc
h. Number of Noun
# All the UCN
+ Water,money,sugar,flour,chalk,economics
Mathematics,Honesty, freedom ,pride , etc
- Plural
* dogs , mice , feet , teeth , books ,oxen, heroes
cities ,wishes women, men, churches , etc
i. Compound noun - combination of two / more words
* ear-ring , oil-lamp , ring-finger , rail-way, cooking-stove , drinking-water ,
dining-room , high-land , under-tone , grind-stone ,boys-school , girls-school
, horse-race , a pick-pocket , a fortune- teller , tax-payer , a tell-tale , a shoe-
maker , house-building ,out-look , out-fit , out-put , in-put , outcome ,
income , run-away , break-through , break-down , fare-well , cast-away ,
break-up , sports-man , sales-man , sea-man ,oil-man , crafts-man , wood-
man , he-goat , she-goat , maid-servant , man-servant , man of war ,
man of justice , ticket of leave , son–in law , boy of no words , Mr.
know it all , man of news , a girl of mine , boy of yours , etc
B. Passage 23. ……….. say ……………..
24. ………. ……….. lucky
25. ……… wish ……………..
The Bat, the Birds, and the Beasts 26. ……… ………… last
27. ………… join ……………….
A great conflict was about to come off between the
Birds and the Beasts. When the two armies were collected
together. The Bat hesitated to join .The Birds that passed E. Various exercise.
his perch said: ‘Come with us"; but he said: ‘I am a Change into Plural/Singular and modify the sentence
Beast.’ Later on, some Beasts who were passing
underneath him looked up and said: ‘Come with us"; but 28. A great conflict was about to come off between the
he said: ‘I am a Bird.’ Birds and the Beasts
Luckily at the last moment, peace was made and no 29. When the two armies were collected Together
battle took place. so the Bat came to the Birds and wished 30. The Bat hesitated to join
to join in the rejoicings but they all turned against him and 31. The Birds that passed his perch said: ‘Come with us"
he had to fly away. He then went to the Beasts, but soon 32. but he said: ‘I am a Beast.’
had to beat a retreat, or else they would have torn him to 33. Later on, some Beasts who were passing underneath
pieces. him looked up and said: ‘Come with us"
34. but he said: ‘I am a Bird.’
‘He that is neither one thing nor the other has no friends.’ 35. Luckily at the last moment, peace was made and no
battle took place
36. so the Bat came to the Birds and wished to join in the
rejoicings
C. Identify which word is the Noun 37. but they all turned against him and he had to fly
away
1. A great conflict was about to come off 38. He then went to the Beasts
between the Birds and the Beasts 39. but soon had to beat a retreat, or else they would
2. When the two armies were collected Together have torn him to pieces
3. The Bat hesitated to join
4. The Birds that passed his perch said: ‘Come with us"
5. but he said: ‘I am a Beast.’ F. Various exercise.
6. Later on, some Beasts who were passing underneath Find the Noun and decide if the Noun – CN or UCN
him looked up and said: ‘Come with us"
7. but he said: ‘I am a Bird.’
8. Luckily at the last moment, peace was made and no 40. My parents bought some furniture .They are chairs,
battle took place tables and desks
9. so the Bat came to the Birds and wished to join in the 41. My mom wears jewelry. Today she is wearing
rejoicings rings,bracelet,and a necklace
10. but they all turned against him and he had to fly 42. Mathematics is hard for many people but the other
away subjects like English is easy and fun
11. He then went to the Beasts 43. We enjoy the beautiful scenery especially mountains,
12. but soon had to beat a retreat, or else they would water falls, rivers and hills
have torn him to pieces 44. I have some money in coins and papers
45. The weather is fine today and the sunshine is warm
46. We wish you happiness, health and luck in your life
D. Various exercise. 47. Gold and iron are metals
find the derivative if avalaible 48. They don’t have meat, rice, kerosene, cheese, butter,
fruit and vegetables
49. Would you like to buy some food ? there’s a nice
Noun Verb Adjective sandwich and a free apple
50. Tom has black hair and brown eyes
13. conflict ……….. …………….. 51. We have much rain and flood in the years to come
14. ……… ………. great 52. time flies so fast so it’s better not to waste our energy
15. ……… collect ……………. 53. Have you done your homework yet ?
16. peace ……….. …………….. 54. in English ,we can learn words, slang, grammar and
17. battle ………. …………….. vocabulary
18. retreat ………. ……….......... 55. I like sports for example soccer and chess
19. rejoicing ………. ……………..
20. ……….. fly ……………..
21. ……….. beat ……………..
22. ………. hesitate ……………..
 UNIT 2
PRONOUN
A SUBSTITUTE FOR A NOUN

A. THE SNAP – SHOT

ADJECTIVE PRONOUN – An adjective to substitute a noun

 Few are sick though the virus is still unknown
( = few people are sick )
 too much is dangerous,etc

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
 My (=the speaker’s ) hat is red and yours is green
 This book is mine and that’s hers ,etc

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
 Music and literature are cultural subjects. This (the latter = literature) acquired rather
than innate, that ( the former = music) innate rather than acquired
 Gus Dur does some controversial things but these alone will not satisfy you
 Sorry I can’t tell the journalists why he left the show .That means it’s off the record
 Love those who hate you. that’s what Jesus said ,etc

INDEFINITE PRONOUN
 none (=no people ) have arrived yet to the Gallery
 anyone may come to the palace during Idul Fitri
 Nothing is impossible
 All (= all the things ) are not gold
 Somebody (= that person )has come to see you
 Do it ! Don’t do another / others
 He knows much
 Either is fine with me anytime you give me choices but Can I choose Both ?
 neither is yours in this world ,etc

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
 Who ( = any person ) did this must be crazy
 Where (= the place ) she comes from doesn’t bother me
 Don’t ask What (= the thing ) your country has done for you
but ask what (= the thing ) you have done for your country
 I will tell you When (= the best time ) to go
 This is what (= the thing ) you asked for
 I shall reward whoever (= any person ) finishes first ,etc

PERSONAL PRONOUN – all to substitute a person in any perspective

 I ( = the speaker ) myself don’t know that at all ,etc
 his idea (= that man’s) is right ,etc
 Some people are talking about the idea of yours ( = the speaker’s partner ) ,etc
 Mr. Lee knows them (= those people ) ,etc
 One (= a person ) should study if he (= this person ) wants to be successful
 It is I (= the speaker ) who made this happen ,etc

RELATIVE PRONOUN – a pronoun as a conjunction as well

 He found the best Avatar who ( = and this person ) can lead him into God
 There is a yacht which ( = and this yacht ) I want to buy
 They gave us such information as (= and this was the information ) they knew
 He is the man whom (= this person ) I believe who will win the election,etc
B. Passage
The Sick Lion
The king who ruled over a jungle and animals for
many years had come to the end of his days and lay sick
unto death at the mouth of his cave, gasping for breath.
Many came round and drew nearer him as he grew more
and more helpless.
When they saw him on the point of death they
thought to themselves:’ Now is the time to pay off old
grudges.’ So the Boar came up and drove at him with his
tusks; then a Bull gored him with his horns; still the Lion
lay helpless before them: so the Ass, feeling quite safe
from danger, came up, and turning his tail to the Lion
kicked up his heels into his face. ‘This is a double death,’
growled the Lion.
Only cowards insult dying majesty.
E. Various exercise
Change into the real noun of the pronoun
23. The king who ruled over a jungle and animals for
many years had come to the end of his days and lay
sick unto death at the mouth of his cave, gasping for
breath
24. Many came round and drew nearer him as he grew
more and more helpless
25. When they saw him on the point of death
26. they thought to themselves:’ Now is the time to pay
off old grudges.’
27. So the Boar came up and drove at him with his tusks;
28. then a Bull gored him with his horns
29. still the Lion lay helpless before them:
30. so the Ass, feeling quite safe from danger, came up,
and turning his tail to the Lion kicked up his heels
into his face
31. ‘This is a double death,’ growled the Lion

C. Find the pronoun F. Various exercise

Do into the best pronoun for this sentence
1. The king who ruled over a jungle and animals for
many years had come to the end of his days and lay 32. John saw a snake, this snake , John thought would
sick unto death at the mouth of his cave, gasping for hurt John unless John killed the snake with a stick ,
breath this stick john had in John’s hand
2. Many came round and drew nearer him as he grew 33. Sue…….. saw the accident .this accident happened
more and more helpless right before Sue’s eyes and now Sue is keeping
3. When they saw him on the point of death Sue’s mind on the accident , that accident could
4. they thought to themselves:’ Now is the time to pay happen to Sue herself any day
off old grudges.’ 34. Narcissus loved ……as the Myth says ,this Myth is
5. So the Boar came up and drove at him with his tusks; told that Narcissus couldn’t love anyone but ……..
6. then a Bull gored him with his horns and finally Narcissus fell into Narcissus’ well as
7. still the Lion lay helpless before them: Narcissus saw Narcissus’s own shadow on the well’s
8. so the Ass, feeling quite safe from danger, came up, water.
and turning his tail to the Lion kicked up his heels 35. I studied Greek and Latin when I was young and I
into his face studied Greek and Latin at Oxford
9. ‘This is a double death,’ growled the Lion. 36. Make the best use of your time at school. and
making the best use of time at school is a good boy
37. You paid your debts; and the payment of your debts
is quite sufficient to prove your honesty
D. Various exercise 38. He gained a prize last year but he didn’t gain a prize
find the derivative if avalaible this year
39. Work and play are both necessary to health; play
gives us rest ,and work gives us energy
Noun Verb Adjective 40. Dogs are more faithful animals than cats; cats attach
themselves to places ,and dogs to persons
10. …………. Rule ……………….. 41. I have treated him as he deserved; and he knows my
11. …………. …………….. sick having treated him as he deserved
12. death …………….. ……………….. 42. My mother came yesterday ;we were glad to see my
13. …………. …………….. helpless mother
14. ………….. think ……………….. 43. The sun has risen; the sun shines brightly
15. danger ……………. ……………….. 44. No persons have left for the meeting
16. safe ……………. ……………….. 45. To hear such a bad news is sad
17. face ……………. ……………….. 46. The air of mountains is cooler than the air of plains
18. feeling ……………. ……………….. 47. the houses of the rich are larger than the house of the
19. breath …………… ……………….. poor
20. ………. …………….. old 48. No people but the brave deserves the fair
21. ………. Turn ……………….. 49. This horse is stronger than that horse
22. ………. Gore ……………….. 50. I prefer a white horse to a black horse
 UNIT 3
ADJECTIVE
A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE / TO LIMIT A NOUN

A. THE SNAP – SHOT

DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE
 Bali has gorgeous view
 All basket players are tall men and Yao Ming is the tallest among all
 She comes up with a difficult question ,etc

PROPER ADJ – adjective from a proper noun

 I don’t care whether you speak American English or British English
 Some people like Chinese food and Javanese food
 Don’t think European culture is always good ,etc

PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVE – adjective having prefix , suffix or both

 Believable , fortunate , economical , divine , sensible , faithful , faithless , godly

,thirsty , quarrelsome , verbose , wretched , silken , provident , civilizing , favorite ,
eastern , restive , distinguished , unknown , irritant ,hopeful, glorious , disgraceful ,
immoral ,unhappy ,active , inactive , co-operative ,obtainable , unobtainable , fine ,
superfine ,limitable , illimitable , etc

QUANTITATIVE ADJ
 He has eaten some bread
 He hasn’t eaten any bread
 He had little money
 He spent the little money he had , etc
* He reads a few books
* He reads the few books he has
* He reads all the books

NUMERAL ADJ
 When I was a kid , My father raised a dozen of sheep
 A century is a hundred years
 Nobody knows when the world ends. It can be at least a thousand decade more
 I have written nine books on English , etc

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJ
 This/that tree was planted by my Dad
 Those/these eyes saw the deed
 Such food doesn’t satisfy me
 He came to my house on such a day; and I gave such and such an answer to his
question ,etc

INDEFINITE ADJ
 He came one day to see me
 Any man can do that; Don’t show off
 Some men called here today ( I forget them specifically )
 He owed me some Rp 20 .000,- (= about )
 He has no books other than English
 He went there the other day
 She will stay here for about a week or so ,etc

DISTRIBUTIVE ADJ
 The two men struck each other
 During the social work They all help one another
 They went out two by two / by twos/two and two / two at a time
 They went to their respective home ,etc

COMPOUND- ADJ - combination of two / more words

 Brave-hearted, long-debated , heart-rending, soul-stirring, one-sided, under-cover,etc
B. PASSAGE 26. Sanskrit is the greatest of all the languages in the
world and it becomes a must language for all British
The Dog and the Shadow professors
27. Adam was the goodliest man of men
28. this is a minor importance to our meeting
It happened that one dog had got a piece of meat and 29. I like the interior parts of the building
was carrying it home in his mouth to eat it in peace. Now 30. He is a minor
on his way home he had to cross a plank lying across a 31. His father is a major
running brook. 32. Do you have the former and the latter testament ?
As he crossed, he looked down and saw his own 33. It’s not easy to find out the inner meaning
shadow reflected in the water beneath. Thinking it was 34. Space is the outer world. You are not back soon
another dog with another piece of meat, he made up his 35. go ahead to the upper level
mind to have that also. So he made a snap at the shadow 36. She is my elder sister
in the water, but as he opened his mouth the piece of meat 37. It’s my first experience not my second
fell out, dropped into the water and was never seen more. 38. When it comes to sports ,Soccer is the primary while
the others are the secondary
Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the 39. Telegram is no longer used
shadow. 40. The previous test is more difficult than the present
41. his house is next to mine
C. Find the Adjective
F. Various exercise
1. It happened that one dog had got a piece of meat find the adjective in this sentence as a Noun
2. and was carrying it home in his mouth to eat it in
peace 42. Right or wrong is my country
3. Now on his way home he had to cross a plank lying 43. I’ve told you many secrets.
across a running brook 44. much/little/more/less/many has been done
4. As he crossed, he looked down and saw his own 45. Can you give your all to God ?
shadow reflected in the water beneath 46. Do your best to finish the work !
5. Thinking it was another dog with another piece of 47. his worst has come
meat, he made up his mind to have that also 48. Uphold the morals
6. So he made a snap at the shadow in the water 49. everyone has sweets and bitters
7. but as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, 50. we discuss the whole
dropped into the water and was never seen more 51. We prefer the moderns to the traditionals
52. We should know the actuals before judging
D. Various exercise 53. are you curious about the ancients ?
find the derivative if avalaible 54. every man has his betters
55. I’m just the commons not the specials
56. slow and steady wins the life
Noun Verb Adjective 57. Remember the sweets among us
58. all things are pure to the pure
8. …………. Reflect ……………….. 59. I don’t like the exterior but the interior is marvelous
9. ………… open ……………….. 60. Only the brave deserve the fair
10. ………… happen ………………..
11. ………… ………… running G. Various exercise
12. snap ………… ………………. find the adjective in this sentence as an Adverb
13. ………… fall ……………….
14. ………… loose ………………. 61. He beat them black and blue
15. shadow ………… ……………… 62. I love you for better or for worse
16. ………… grasp ……………… 63. He struck out right and left
17. peace ………… ……………… 64. We must defense our country right or wrong
18. ………… see ……………… 65. I know the procedure from first to last
19. ………… think ……………… 66. carry on your life for good and all !
20. home ………… ……………… 67. She knew it at last
68. The president explains the project in general
E. Various exercise 69. I search my lighter in the dark
find the adjective in this sentence as a degree 70. Set up this business at best
71. in future man doesn’t need religion
21. this boy is as smart as that 72. you have done the work in the wrong. Start over it in
22. this boy is less/far smarter than that the right
23. this boy is smarter than that 73. Pass along the street on the left while you are here
24. this boy is the smarter of those two 74. there is a ghost on your right
25. this boy is the smartest in the city
 UNIT 4
VERB
A TERM IN REGARD TO ACTION / STATE OR CONDITION

A. THE SNAP – SHOT

COPULATIVE VERB
 Appear , become , seem , taste , look , prove , grow , continue , feel ,get , remain , sound , stay , turn ,smell,

CAUSATIVE VERB
 Darken, soften, enlighten, brighten, shorten, lengthen, tighten, blacken, whiten, better, thicken, broaden,
enlarge, ensure, endanger, etc

NON PROGRESSIVE VERB

 Know,realize,understand,recognize,believe,feel,suppose,think,doubt,imagine,remember,forget,want,need,
prefer,mean,love,like,appreciate,hate,dislike,fear,envy,mind,care,posses,have,own,belong,taste,smell,hear
feel,see,seem,look,appear,cost,weigh,owe,be,exist,consist,contain, include, exclude , etc
IMPERSONAL VERB - verbs related to a shadow subject
 it rains hard, it snows, it shines, it is known ,
it comes to me that , it is said it goes without saying that, it looks easy to…, it is understood
it seems to me that …. , it happens to me , etc

PRINCIPAL VERB – main verbs related to tense formula

 I have known … He is going … They can come ….
She had better study….. You ought to be here ….. She would like to ….., ,etc

AUXILIARY VERB – a helping verbs to tense formula

 I have known …. He is going …… They can come ……
She had better study…. You ought to be here …. She would like t….. ,etc
REGULAR VERB
 Study-studied-studied look-looked,-looked play-played-played ,etc
IRREGULAR VERB
 Take-took-taken sleep-slept-slept read-read-read , etc …(.see the list )
INTRANSITIVE VERB – need no object
 Sleep run walk stand dance work go come live ,etc

GERUND-RELATED
 Like prefer enjoy stand hate love
intend start continue finish keep admit
Avoid can’t help mind regret remember stop
TRANSITIVE VERB Risk quit postpone resist suggest miss
Need an object Practice discuss advise anticipate recommend
Mention appreciate recall recollect resent
NO PREPOSITIONAL VERB
 make read write
discuss find wash
kill take sing, etc
PREPOSITIONAL VERBS
 cry (for) think ( of ) laugh (at )
listen (to ) apply (for ) wait (for )
shoot (at ) care (of ) etc, (see the list)

NO PREPOSITIONAL COMPUND VERB

 look up find out try on
COMPOUND VERBS give up look after turn on
2/more words-Phrasal Verbs get on take off Etc , see the list
PREPOSITIONAL COMPOUND VERB
 look forward (to) wait up (for ) stay away (from )
take a look (at ) have a try (on ) make a wish (for )
take care (of ) come up (with ) etc ,see the list
B. Passage 19. ………. tell …………….
20. ………. …………. long
21. reward ………... …………….
The Wolf and the Crane 22. ………. promise …………….
23. content ……… …………….
A Wolf had been gorging on an animal he had killed, 24. ………. Induce …………….
when suddenly a small bone in the meat stuck in his throat
and he could not swallow it. He soon felt terrible pain in
his throat, and ran up and down groaning and groaning E. Various exercise.
and seeking for something to relieve the pain. He tried to Insert the best verb
induce every one he met to remove the bone. ‘I would
give anything,’ said he, ‘if you would take it out.’ At last 25. October is here .The leaves are ……… brown and
the Crane agreed to try, and told the Wolf to lie on his side the days are getting ………
and open his jaws as wide as he could. Then the Crane put 26. Now George cannot see at all .He ……. Blind many
its long neck down the Wolf’s throat, and with its beak years ago
loosened the bone, till at last it got it out. ‘Will you kindly 27. He ……. asleep before the class began
give me the reward you promised?’ said the Crane. The 28. You ………… fresh today. Have you …. A bath ?
Wolf grinned and showed his teeth and said: ‘Be content. 29. I ……. It difficult to write without looking
You have put your head inside a Wolf’s mouth and taken 30. If you ……….. it a good idea .Let’s do it
it out again in safety; that ought to be reward enough for 31. Jim …… himself when he sliced bread
you.’ 32. There …….a day when Dave had enough money
33. It ……….. as if it’s going to be a lovely day
Gratitude and greed go not together. 34. Your vocabulary is still quite poor. You can …….. it
by reading a lot of English articles
35. Your shoes are wet. It must be ……….. outside
C. Find the Verb 36. Joan …………. Nothing more than watching TV
1. A Wolf had been gorging on an animal he had killed 37. I have been ………… all day and I’m tired
2. when suddenly a small bone in the meat stuck in his 38. ……….. it easy. Everything will be all right
throat and he could not swallow it. 39. ……… away it is dangerous
3. He soon felt terrible pain in his throat, and ran up 40. He …………… late to school
and down groaning and groaning and seeking for 41. If you don’t know a new word .Please ………. It up
something to relieve the pain in a dictionary
4. He tried to induce every one he met to remove the 42. all the students are ………… to long holidays. They
bone. ‘I would give anything,’ said he, ‘if you would plan to go to Bali
take it out. 43. The judge ………. The prisoner free
5. At last the Crane agreed to try, and told the Wolf to 44. They …………. Her still weeping
lie on his side and open his jaws as wide as he could 45. We have ………… several mistakes
6. Then the Crane put its long neck down the Wolf’s 46. Would you please …………. A speech ?
throat, and with its beak loosened the bone, till at last 47. The fire …………. Up the house
it got it out. 48. Only the brave ……………… the fair
7. Will you kindly give me the reward you promised?’ 49. the book I bought ……….. Rp 50.000,-
said the Crane 50. I …………….. him his faults
8. The Wolf grinned and showed his teeth and said: ‘Be 51. They ……….. him a king
content. You have put your head inside a Wolf’s 52. The man ………….. a snake with his sticks
mouth and taken it out again in safety; that ought to 53. He ………………. Sleeping in the daytime
be reward enough for you.’ 54. I don’t ……… whether he has come or not
55. Can you ……….. the coder to open the safe ?
D. Various exercise. 56. rivers ……….. to the sea and men are supposed to
find the derivative if avalaible ………..to God
57. The snow …….. in the sun
58. That book …………… of no use
Noun Verb Adjective 59. He …………. A long life
60. He …………. A fine song
9. kill …………….. 61. Water ………. At 100 Celsius degree
10. ……… ………. sudden 62. The sun will ………. At five
11. ……… ………. small 63. He …………… at me in the face
12. pain ……….. …………….. 64. A horse ………… a quadruped. and men …… biped
13. relieve …………….. 65. ………….. on your sweater. It’s cold here
14. ……….. try ……….......... 66. He ………. Nothing but laugh
15. ……….. remove …………….. 67. You’d better not ………… here
16. ……….. give …………….. 68. I had rather ………. This than that
17. ……….. meet …………….. 69. Those days …….. passed , never to ……….
18. ……….. agree …………….. 70. I am, to …….. you the truth, quite tired of that work
 UNIT 5
ADVERB
A word/term to modify a predicate ( a word which is not S,P,O/C )
A. THE SNAP – SHOT

ADV OF AFFIRMATION - to indicate approval

 Absolutely Certainly doubtless indeed really truly,
undoubtedly verily yes of a truth yes indeed so be it
as you say by all means I’ll say You said it take it from me etc

ADV OF CAUSE AND RESULT

 Consequently because hence then so
therefore thus for since etc

ADV OF DEGREE - to indicate greater or less intensity

 All almost altogether barely besides but(only) Chiefly
completely enough entirely equally even ever so exceedingly
excessively extravagantly extremely far full fully generally
greatly hardly however immeasurably infinitely intolerably
little mainly merely much more most
nearly no none only partially partly
perfectly principally quite rather really scarcely so
surely sufficiently as too very wholly , etc

ADV OF DIRECTION
 Above back backward below down downwards
forth forwards hence hither in inwards
on onwards out outwards thence up
upwards whence whither yonder up there down there
in here back and forth to and fro in and out inside out , etc

ADV OF DOUBT - to indicate hesitation

 However maybe nevertheless perhaps possibly
probably notwithstanding as yet better or worse well,….

ADV OF NUMBER - to indicate position in place of time

 firstly secondly thirdly tenthly ,etc

ADV OF PLACE
 everywhere around before behind elsewhere
about anywhere outside inside here
there without near nowhere somewhere
in back within in front wherever here and there , etc
ADV OF MANNER
 Beautifully quickly justly rapidly foolishly, etc
well fast early late * see the list of exception
 hand in hand arm in arm one by one face to face head over heels
two by two apart else likewise clockwise
across together particularly

ADV OF TIME - to indicate date,duration,frequency in answer of when

 now nowadays immediately today tonight …..ago
presently lately recently yesterday since
yet already last …… soon tomorrow
again always continually once forever monthly
weekly rarely seldom twice sometimes now
and then off and on by and by before after since
then meanwhile meantime till now when while
until early late then after that often
afterward never ever in general in particular in short
ADV OF PURPOSE
 so that
ADV OF CONDITION
 If as long as
B. Passage D. Various exercise.
Androcles find the derivative if avalaible

A slave named Androcles once escaped from his Noun Verb Adjective
master and fled to the forest. As he was wandering about
there he came upon a Lion lying down moaning and 13. slave/slavery …………. ………………
groaning. At first he turned to flee, but finding that the 14. ………… escape ………………
Lion did not pursue him, he turned back and went up to 15. ………… bleed ………………
him. As he came near, the Lion put out his paw, which 16. ………… ………… able
was all swollen and bleeding, and Androcles found that a 17. ………… capture ………………
huge thorn had got into it, and was causing all the pain. 18. victim ………… ………………
He pulled out the thorn and bound up the paw of the Lion, 19. ………… ………… surprised
who was soon able to rise and lick the hand of Androcles 20. ………… ………… friendly
like a dog. Then the Lion took Androcles to his cave, and 21. ………… ………… native
every day used to bring him meat from which to live. But 22. gratitude …………. ………………
shortly afterwards both Androcles and the Lion were
captured, and the slave was sentenced to be thrown to the
Lion, after the latter had been kept without food for
several days. The Emperor and all his Court came to see E. Various exercise.
the spectacle, and Androcles was led out into the middle Insert with all the best possible Adverbs
of the arena. Soon the Lion was let loose from his den,
and rushed bounding and roaring towards his victim. But 23. we can have dinner …………………..
as soon as he came near to Androcles he recognized his 24. He speaks English ………..
friend, and fawned upon him, and licked his hands like a 25. ……….. English is a fundamental skill of life
friendly dog. The Emperor, surprised at this, summoned 26. …… I’d like to point out that it is impossible
Androcles to him, who told him the whole story. 27. Don’t speak …….. my dad is sleeping
Whereupon the slave was pardoned and freed, and the 28. get into the class ………….. We don’t have enough
Lion let loose to his native forest. space to enter
29. Do you live ………. ?
Gratitude is the sign of noble souls. 30. ……….. he is. Thanks ....... ! He’s coming
31. They traveled ………to seek happiness
C. Find the Adverb 32. I’ve done the work ………
1. A slave named Androcles once escaped from his master and 33. we should talk ………….
fled to the forest when suddenly a small bone in the meat 34. Don’t do that ……… I’m here
stuck in his throat and he could not swallow it. 35. I cannot find my slippers …………..
2. As he was wandering about there he came upon a Lion 36. ………….. he is a man of talks only – no action
lying down moaning and groaning.
37. life is good . ……….. Don’t waste your time
3. At first he turned to flee, but finding that the Lion did not
pursue him, he turned back and went up to him.. 38. I went to Jakarta on a train ………….
4. As he came near, the Lion put out his paw, which was all 39. He knows that matter …………..
swollen and bleeding, and Androcles found that a huge 40. Study hard ………….. You’ll fail
thorn had got into it, and was causing all the pain 41. put all these piles of paper ………..We need a clear
5. He pulled out the thorn and bound up the paw of the Lion, table
who was soon able to rise and lick the hand of Androcles 42. It’s raining . ……….. I remain at home
like a dog 43. ……….. curiosity, he sneaks into the house
6. Then the Lion took Androcles to his cave, and every day
44. he walks ………..
used to bring him meat from which to live
7. But shortly afterwards both Androcles and the Lion were 45. I am …………… happy to win a lottery
captured, and the slave was sentenced to be thrown to the 46. Ann ………. Comes on time
Lion, after the latter had been kept without food for several 47. You will pass the test … you study ………..
days 48. I will have finished my SMA ……… The city
8. The Emperor and all his Court came to see the spectacle, government finishes the Project
and Androcles was led out into the middle of the arena. 49. Danny recites a poem …………. The class
9. Soon the Lion was let loose from his den, and rushed 50. He always follows ………. His girl goes
bounding and roaring towards his victim
51. I know life ……..and ……….
10. But as soon as he came near to Androcles he recognized his
friend, and fawned upon him, and licked his hands like a 52. Hold me ……… or ……..
friendly dog 53. Do the work ……. The supervisor says to you
11. The Emperor, surprised at this, summoned Androcles 54. We’d better discuss it first. …… it’s a crucial matter
to him, who told him the whole story 55. I’ll show you ……. To do it …….. You are not
12. Whereupon the slave was pardoned and freed, and confused
the Lion let loose to his native forest 56. The machine ……….. broke down. …… all the
orders of works can be finished …..
57. I can do nothing ………… you
 UNIT 6
PREPOSITION
A word/term that shows relationship between a word
A. THE SNAP – SHOT

SIMPLE PREPOSITION - a single mono-syllabic word

 At by down for from in mid of off on per
plus round since like spite through till to toward up with
 Example AT:
- He is not at home now - He plays well at football
- He was there at 4 o’clock - He laughed at me
- He is now at his ease - At what price did you get this?
- Stand up at a word of command - etc
 Example BY :
- Come and sit by me - I always get up by sunrise
- He swore by God - he was fairly treated by his father
- Do to others as you would be done by - etc
 Example OF:
- What did he die of - he is a man of a strong will
- He sent me a box of chocolate - this bag is made of leather
- He lives in the house of his girlfriend - etc
 Example FOR:
- He was imprisoned for life - for all his learning, he has no sense
- He sold his horse for a small sum - He fought hard for his friends
- He leaves the job for good - etc

COMPOUND PREPOSITION - 2 or more syllables/words combination (prefix and suffix)

 Amid About aboard above across after against along alongside among around
before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond despite except inside
into minus onto opposite outside over through throughout under
underneath until unto upon versus via within without etc
 Example BESIDES Vs BESIDE:
- Besides advising, he gave them some money
- She came and sat beside me
- Besides learning something new, Teaching is a good way of earning
- Your answer is beside the question - etc

PARTICIPIAL PREPOSITION - a force of the preposition itself

 Concerning considering during excepting notwithstanding
past pending providing regarding respecting
saving touching etc
 Example :
- Regarding this matter, what is your opinion?
- Considering his age, Pato has done well in AC Milan
- He went past the house - Etc

PHRASAL PREPOSITION - a group of words to form a preposition

 According to as to because of by means of for the sake of
in consequence of in reference to in regard to in respect to in spite of
instead of in any event in accordance with in reply to on account of
on the part of out of out of respect for owing to with a view to
with reference to with regard to with respect to in addition to along with
together with as well as due to etc
 Example :
- Most parents work so hard for the sake of their children
- Because of terrorism ,Bali was not visited , Etc
ON ADJECTIVE
- He is afraid of dogs, etc (see the list)
FIXED PREPOSITION - He is interested in English, etc (see the list)
ON VERB
- I waited for him last night, etc (see the list)
- They are looking forward to their summer holiday, etc (see the list)
ON NOUN
- We declare war on drugs,
- there’s no exception to this rule, etc (see the list)
B. Passage 28. those two men quarreled …………. Themselves
29. I couldn’t find my brother ………. The crowd of
people
The Cock and the Pearl 30. He is good …… math
31. He looked …….. them ……… anger
A cock was once strutting up and down the farmyard 32. I was born ……. July,2
among the hens when suddenly he espied something 33. Take your shoes ……. Before entering the house
shinning amid the straw. ‘Ho! ho!’ quoth he, ‘that’s for 34. I love you ……. I die
me,’ and soon rooted it out from beneath the straw. What 35. I’ve hungered …….. God’s touch
did it turn out to be but a Pearl that by some chance had 36. My opinion is different …….. yours
been lost in the yard? ‘You may be a treasure,’ quoth 37. He is sick ……… a fever
Master Cock, ‘to men that prize you, but for me I would 38. who is the girl …….. red ?
rather have a single barley-corn than a peck of pearls.’ 39. The girl ……. A long hair is my cousin
40. Everybody went ………. Me
Precious things are for those that can prize them. 41. the story was written ……. The manager
42. due ….. a bad weather, we ‘d better stay …. Home
C. Find the Preposition 43. They motored …….. the ocean
44. When are leaving …… china ?
1. A cock was once strutting up and down the farmyard 45. They make clothes ……. Machine
among the hens when suddenly he espied something 46. I like to have a house …… mountains
shinning amid the straw 47. You will be …… trouble if you are not ….. me
2. ‘Ho! ho!’ quoth he, ‘that’s for me,’ and soon rooted it 48. …. Account of illness he resigns
out from beneath the straw 49. I will not go ……… you
3. What did it turn out to be but a Pearl that by some 50. are you ready ……. Action ?
chance had been lost in the yard? 51. I haven’t made any decision …… that matter.
4. ‘You may be a treasure,’ quoth Master Cock, ‘to men 52. here’s the key ……. That mystery
that prize you, but for me I would rather have a 53. There’s no use ….. that business
single barley-corn than a peck of pearls.’ 54. Do you have experience …. Flying an aero plane ?
55. She is angry ……. This mess and she’ll be angry …..
D. Various exercise. you too because you did it
find the derivative if avalaible 56. The boss agrees ……. Your ideas but He doesn’t
agree …. Your proposal
57. People laughed ……. Tukul’s jokes but it’s not nice
Noun Verb Adjective to be laughed ……..
58. Don’t point ….. me being captain of the class
5. ………… quoth ……………… 59. He will point ……. Him for this glass-breaking
6. treasure ………... ……………… 60. Mary insisted …… taking the bus ………..the plane
7. ………… loose ……………… 61. we are not looking ………. To go back to school
8. ………… prize ……………… 62. ………… of Bali, I will go to Jakarta for a holiday
9. ………… ………… single 63. ………….. Global Warming, Everybody must
10. farm ………… ……………… participate ……. reducing the heat …… earth
11. ………… shine ……………… 64. …………. the wars, we can find genocides easily
12. man ………… ………………. 65. ………………. The prophet Muhammad, all
13. ………… ………… precious Moslems commemorate his birth
66. He breaks …… with his girl and now he is going
………. With a model
E. Various exercise. 67. If you want to know anything. you can Google …….
Insert with the best preposition
In the internet
68. Please sms me ……… this number
14. He begins work …… 8 o’clock daily
69. Sally was late ……. Class because she got lost
15. the frog fell ……… the well
70. Jane is going ……. Vacation not …… business
16. he has been here ….. 4 0’clock
71. He received many kinds …… flowers from
17. he will return home ………… 3 days
Katherine
18. the end is ….. hand
72. an associate …. Mine is coming ….. today
19. you must be back …….. 5 0’clock
73. ………… the high price, please Drink it ….. and eat
20. he lives ………. His mother
it …….
21. he lives ……… pension
74. go …….. the street and the city hall is …… your
22. ….. all appearances, he must have been tired
right
23. The girl had gone …….. home
75. go ……. The road and the Hotel is ……..the corner
24. He used to come here ……. Evening
of Mount Merapi street
25. I haven’t seen him …….. ages
76. We saw a good program ……. TV last night
26. ……… now on ,you must be serious
77. …………….weather report, it’s going to rain tonight
27. They were brought ……. In Germany
 UNIT 7
CONJUNCTION
A word/term that connects /joins words/phrases/sentence
A. THE SNAP – SHOT

Cumulative
 And, Both…. And, Also, too, As well as, No less than, Not, only… But also, Now ,Well , neither….. nor ….,
- He as well as You is right - He no less than You is right
- He was not only accused but also convicted - He is right and You also
- I met neither Susie nor her sister - You have done the work very Quickly.
Well, I didn’t expect it of you
Alternative
 Either…or , otherwise , else , Or
- Tell him to Leave ,or he will be caught - Either you or he must stay here
Adversative /Contrast
 But, still/yet, nevertheless, however , Whereas/ while, only, just
- He is very sad but hopeful - He is very rich, still/yet he is not contented
- All men were against him.However,he stuck to his idea - Wise men love truth. Whereas/while Fools shun
- Go where you like. Only/just do not stay here it
Ilavative /Inference
 For ,Then
- He will die someday, for all men are mortal - It’s time for us to go . let’s start, then

Apposition
 That - He made a promise that he would return soon - He told us that rain had stopped
Cause and reason
 Because, since, as ,why
- He will succeed because he works hard - Let’s stay inside As the night has fallen
- I will do this since you ask for it - We never understood why he acted so
Effect
 That - He talked too much that he made himself hoarse
Purpose
 That, in order that, so that, lest
- Men work that they may earn a living - He walk with a stick lest he would stumble ,etc
Condition
 If, unless, provided, as if, whether or not
- You must stay here whether you like it or no - I agree provided you will sign your name
Concession
 Though/although/even though , notwithstanding , that, however
- He is not contented however rich he becomes - She was not refreshed, notwithstanding that he
slept long
Comparison
 As……as , ….. er than/more….. than , the…est/ the most……
- He is as good as You - he is cleverer than I
- He is smarter than wiser - She is the most beautiful girl among those three
Extent/manner
 As, so far as , according as, so
- This is not true so far as I can find out - Men will reap as they so
- They chose the Bank Governor according as he was fit - As men sow, so will they also reap
Time
 As, as soon as, while, before ,until, after, since, so long as ,when, whenever,
- He called at the house as the clock struck four - he has been very weak since he was taken sick
- He remained silence when he heard that - no one can harm us so long as we remain friends
- You can hold the horse while I bring the saddle - he was a minor until he was 19 years old, etc
Place
 Where, wherever, whence
- I found flowers where I expected only weeds - He didn’t tell us whence he had come
Respect
- He didn’t tell me where I made the mistake - We cannot perceive where the difference lies
Manner / means
- Let me ask you how you did that
State / condition
- Let me ask you how your grandpa is today
Doubt
- They wish to know whether/if he has been ready to start
B. Passage 9. ‘Only!’ said the Country Mouse. ‘I do not like that
music at my dinner.’
The Town Mouse and 10. Just at that moment the door flew open, in came
the Country Mouse two huge mastiffs, and the two mice had to
scamper down and run off
Now you must know that a Town Mouse 11. ‘Good-bye, Cousin,’ said the Country Mouse,
once upon a time went on a visit to his cousin in the ‘What! going so soon?’ said the other. ‘Yes,’ he
country. He was rough and ready, this cousin, but he replied; ‘Better beans and bacon in peace than
loved his town friend and made him heartily welcome. cakes and ale in fear.’
Beans and bacon, cheese and bread, were all he had
to offer, but he offered them freely. The Town Mouse E. Collect the derivatives
rather turned up his long nose at this country fare,
and said: ‘I cannot understand, Cousin, how you can Noun Verb Adjective
put up with such poor food as this, but of course you
cannot expect anything better in the country; come
you with me and I will show you how to live. When F. Insert with the best Conjunction
you have been in town a week you will wonder how 12. He begins work … the clock strikes 8 daily
you could ever have stood a country life.’ 13. the frog fell into the well ……………a snake went into it
No sooner said than done: the two mice set 14. he will have been here by 4 tomorrow … you can come
off for the town and arrived at the Town Mouse’s 15. he will return home to find out ……… you manage the
residence late at night. ‘You will want some work
refreshment after our long journey,’ said the polite 16. The author doesn’t know-how to end the story ………. The
Town Mouse, and took his friend into the grand audience get bored with it
dining-room. There they found the remains of a fine 17. you must find the document ………… You get there
feast, and soon the two mice were eating up jellies 18. he will live with His mother ……..his wife agrees
and cakes and all that was nice. 19. he lives on pension ……....he has been too weak and old to
Suddenly they heard growling and barking. work again
‘What is that?’ said the Country Mouse. ‘It is only the 20. The boss agrees to Your ideas…….He doesn’t agree to
dogs of the house,’ answered the other. ‘Only!’ said Your proposal
the Country Mouse. ‘I do not like that music at my 21. according to weather report, it’s going to rain tonight ……
dinner.’ Just at that moment the door flew open, in We’d better not go out
came two huge mastiffs, and the two mice had to 22. …………..the letters I send ……….some email
scamper down and run off. ‘Good-bye, Cousin,’ said 23. They answer in the form of ……....mail ……. email
the Country Mouse, ‘What! going so soon?’ said the every month
other. ‘Yes,’ he replied; 24. the soup tastes plain . You should add salt ……..
‘Better beans and bacon in peace than cakes and ale 25. I was terribly hungry ……….. I ate much bread
in fear.’ 26. She has many clothes ………she is confused which
to wear
C. Find the Conjunction 27. He likes …….music …. movies
1. Now you must know that a Town Mouse once
28. Mr. Lazy likes to have……. assignments …activities
upon a time went on a visit to his cousin in the
country 29. Martha likes sweet tea. She usually takes honey to
2. He was rough and ready, this cousin, but he her tea. Sometimes she adds sugar ……….milk
loved his town friend and made him heartily 30. The homework is killing me ,….. it is too much
welcome. Beans and bacon, cheese and bread, 31. He doesn’t have any money …….. his father comes
were all he had to offer, but he offered them for a regular visit
freely 32. She would like to add … Pepper on her vegetables
3. The Town Mouse rather turned up his long nose …….. on her noodles
at this country fare, and said: ‘I cannot 33. The pig wants water …….. It is …….. thirsty …….
understand, Cousin, how you can put up with The horse
such poor food as this, but of course you cannot
34. this is ……….important information I need to learn
expect anything better in the country; come you
with me and I will show you how to live 35. This jacket costs ……expensive ……. That
4. When you have been in town a week you will 36. There is no news …….much …….. that in hare
wonder how you could ever have stood a country 37. She bought cards last night ………. She could send
life.’ them in the next morning
5. No sooner said than done: the two mice set off 38. people left early to work …they didn’t get held- up
for the town and arrived at the Town Mouse’s 39. She has been living here many years ………her sister
residence late at night. has been only 5 months
6. You will want some refreshment after our long 40. ……….He has worked so hard , he has no Money
journey,’ said the polite Town Mouse, and took 41. There’ll be only one man to choose …………….. he
his friend into the grand dining-room.
is the best
7. There they found the remains of a fine feast, and
soon the two mice were eating up jellies and 42. they have done a lot for our country ……… we
cakes and all that was nice haven’t done any yet
8. Suddenly they heard growling and barking. 43. Global warming must be our concern …….. our
‘What is that?’ said the Country Mouse. ‘It is only mother earth will die sooner
the dogs of the house,’ answered the other. 44. ……..,everything is fine ………… you are here
 UNIT 8
INTERJECTION
an exclamatory sound to denote strong feeling / emotion

B. THE SNAP – SHOT

Subjunctive
 Would
- Would that I had gained that position
- Would that she knew that how much I love her
Adverb
How…., what a …….
- How very kind of you !
- how beautiful!
- What a nice girl of you !
- what a lovely present !
pronoun
What a …..
- What a sad thing it is to hear
- What a great idea it is to have ,etc
PART OF Imperative
SPEECH Hear ! Come ! ,etc
- hear !hear ! do not commit murder
- come! Come! The heaven kingdom has open
Noun
Fellow , sight
- foolish fellow !
- fool !He thought he knew it all
- Dreadful sight !
- man oh man ! I’m doing better
Conjunction
- If I could see her once more
Adjective
Poor , strange, shocking,etc
- poor him ! his parents were killed both
- Shocking her ! her wedding turned into failure just one day before the
marriage
- Strange you ! You were naked in public last night ,etc

Noun infinitive
To … V1
- to think that he should have been assassinated
- to ideate that God has come down inside us ,etc

PHRASES

 Ah me, …. - oh my God ,…. - For heaven sake !,….

Dear me ! - Good heavens !... - Well to be sure !,…..
Nay nay nay !,… - Alas !,….. - Good gracious!,……
Well done!,…. - Good bye !,… - Jesus Crist!,….
Hurrah!,… - Bravo!,…. - Huzza!,…..
Hello ?,…. - Ha.Ha..!,….. - God Bless you !,….
Bingo !,….. - Well well well !,… - Indeed !,…….
Husht !,….. - Aha!,… - Ouch !,…..
Well ..err..,…. - Howdy,…. - O me ,….
Ah pity me,…. - Ah,have mercy on me !,… - oh dear !,….
O,Lord !,.. - Amitaba!,… - Halleloya !,….
Alloh hu Akbar !,… - Thanks God !,… - rascal
Damn it - Fuck him - Shitt!
Bustard! - Bitch! - Etc
B. Passage E. Insert with the best Interjection
The Hart and the Hunter
16. ……………!, He begins work at 3 o’clock to get a
The Hart was once drinking from a pool and little money
admiring the noble figure he made there. ‘Ah,’ said he, 17. …………!, It’s raining and I cannot go
‘where can you see such noble horns as these, with such 18. ……….!, I’m not moved by your pitiful
antlers! I wish I had legs more worthy to bear such a noble 19. ……..?, Are you listening to me ?
crown; it is a pity they are so slim and slight.’ 20. ………..!, He is doing it again
At that moment a Hunter approached and sent 21. ………!, My leg hurts
an arrow whistling after him. Away bounded the Hart, and 22. …………..!, finally you can make it
soon, by the aid of his nimble legs, was nearly out of sight 23. ………….!, now I know how to solve this problem
of the Hunter; but not noticing where he was going, he 24. ………..!, He steals my money again
passed under some trees with branches growing low down 25. ……………!, He acts like a mad man
in which his antlers were caught, so that the Hunter had 26. Everybody loves Bali . ………………………!
time to come up. ‘Alas! alas!’ cried the Hart: 27. ……………………!, He donates 95 % of his wealth
to charity
‘We often despise what is most useful to us.’ 28. …………….. !, I got the accident twice at the same
day
29. …………….! , We have to finish all this work by
C. Find the Interjection tomorrow
30. ………….!, this chance will never come up again.
1. The Hart was once drinking from a pool and and he didn’t take it
admiring the noble figure he made there. 31. ……………. !, let’s fight against the immorality
‘Ah,’ said he, ‘where can you see such noble horns 32. …………..! , be patience and trust in God
as these, with such antlers! I wish I had legs more 33. ………….!, there he comes ,the man we’ve been
worthy to bear such a noble crown; it is a pity they waiting
are so slim and slight.’ 34. ……….. that I didn’t go there .I ain’t certainly in
trouble
2. At that moment a Hunter approached and sent an
35. ………… !, dreams are hard to follow but don’t let
arrow whistling after him. Away bounded the Hart,
anyone tear them away
and soon, by the aid of his nimble legs, was nearly
36. ………….. !, Don’t even think that I will follow you
out of sight of the Hunter; but not noticing where he
again
was going, he passed under some trees with branches
37. …..!........!.........!. Life is too valuable for this world
growing low down in which his antlers were caught,
38. ………..!, Don’t believe him . he’s a man of lies
so that the Hunter had time to come up. ‘Alas! alas!’
39. …………….. ! let’s do it better this time
cried the Hart
40. ……,……,…….! That’s my kid
D. Collect the derivative above
F. Create your own sentences with the
Interjection
Noun Verb Adjective 41. oh my God!, ………………………………………………...
42. Well ..err..,…………………………………………...
3. ………… drink …………….. 43. Aha!,…………………………………………………
4. ……….. admire ……………. 44. For heaven sake !,……………………………………
5. ………… ……………. Noble 45. Hurrah!,………………………………………………
6. .............. ………….. worthy 46. Dear me ! ……………………………………….
7. Pity …………… …………….. 47. O,Lord !,……………………………………………..
8. ……….. …………… slim 48. man oh man ! ………………………………………………
9. …………… ……………. Slight 49. Damn it !,…………………………………………….
10. …………… approach …………….. 50. God Bless you !,……………………………………..
11. …………… ……………. Nimble 51. Bingo !,………………………………………………
12. ………...... bound …………….. 52. Well done!,…………………………………………..
13. ………….. notice ……………. 53. Alas !,………………………………………………..
14. …………. Whistle ……………. 54. how great! ,…………………………………………………
15. …………. ……………. Useful 55. funny you ! ,………………………………………………..
56. hear..! haer !..hear!,…………………………………………
57. good..good…good !, ……………………………………….
58. to realize , ………………………………………………….
59. to imagine ,…………………………………………………
60. Would , ……………………………………………………..
61. Stupid !,…………………………………………………….
62. What a wonder !, …………………………………………
 UNIT 9
SENTENCE – CLAUSE - PHRASE
A. THE SNAP – SHOT

DECLARATION
- (+) She came here yesterday - He doesn’t like tea
- (- ) She didn’t come here yesterday - They’ve worked hard , etc
EXCLAMATION
SENTENCE - What a great idea to meet the president
Having a complete - what a lovely garden it is - What a small world to see you here !
Thought - how beautiful she is - Long time no see you.
- how fast he runs ,etc
QUESTION
- Do you love music ? - Would you like some coffee ?
- What music do you love most ? - When Would he like to leave ? , etc
IMPERRATIVE
- Come here tonight! - let’s discuss it
- Don’t come alone ! - Let’s not talk about it, etc

AS SUBJECTS
- That he likes Pizza so much is right
- That it is him to tell to the police is questionable
- Whether you go or not is not my business
- When they will visit us makes me difficult with my schedules ,etc
AS ATTRIBUTE/COMPLEMENT
-The story is that he confessed as the actor behind the tragedy
CLAUSE -the problem is Who is going to handle this
Having no complete -The Question is Where we will stay
Thought -my hope is that my child must remember me whatever he/she is in the future ,etc
Appositive
- It is gossiped that Lady Diana was murdered
- It was reported that the market was fired on purpose , etc
Indirect
- his war experience made him What you see him to be
- Her stay in Himalaya changes her how she behaves , etc
AS OBJECT Preposition
- He is interested in What I’m talking about ,etc
Infinitive
- He is always ready to do Whatever his girl wants , etc
Participle
- They enjoyed having discussed why Global Warming happens , etc
gerund
- I prefer playing what Renaldo plays
- She appreciates having What you have ,etc

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
 The girl in red is Mary - They arrived at noon
She came with susi - work with joy
She left because of illness - He is in trouble
She arrived early by two hours - They are going to Beijing
They rushed into the street - The mother held him by the arms
She makes her clothes by hand - He spoke in behalf of the victims
She comes from East Kalimantan - My house is by the border
They disappeared at 3 o’clock - etc
INFINITIVE PHRASE
PHRASE * The President must create works to employ - He struggled to overcome the crisis
Not contain S or P We deserve to get justice - She comes here to ask for money
To be good is to be happy - it’s important to find the mistake ,etc
PARTICIPIAL PHRASE
 Playing on line game all night long , he decided not going to school
Having understood, he answered all the question easily
Mary- having arrived, we were able to continue the work
The rain-becoming heavier and heavier , we detained at home
NOUN PHRASE
 SBY, the Indonesian president , came here last night
John, my brother , will marry this week
Mr Herman, a large man and with glasses, can speak 5 different languages , etc
B. The passage 14. plan ……………. …………….
15. company ………… …………….
The Shepherd’s Boy 16. excitement ……………. …………….
17. ………… rush ………….
18. ………… call out ……………
There was once a young Shepherd Boy who
19. ……….. ………….. considerable
tended his sheep at the foot of a mountain near a dark
20. ………… please ……………
forest. It was rather lonely for him all day, so he thought
21. ………… try ……………
upon a plan by which he could get a little company and
22. trick ………….. …………….
some excitement. He rushed down towards the village
23. ………… ……………. The same
calling out ‘Wolf, Wolf,’ and the villagers came out to
24. ………… stop …………….
meet him, and some of them stopped with him for a
25. help ………… …………….
considerable time. This pleased the boy so much that a
26. ………… worry …………….
few days afterwards he tried the same trick, and again the
27. ………… ………….. loud
villagers came to his help.
28. ………… fool ……………
But shortly after this a Wolf actually did come
29. ……….. deceive ……………
out from the forest, and began to worry the sheep, and the
30. ………… complain ……………
boy of course cried out ‘Wolf, Wolf,’ still louder than
31. ………… …………. wise
before. But this time the villagers, who had been fooled
32. ………… believe …………….
twice before, thought the boy was again deceiving them,
33. truth ……………. ……………
and nobody stirred to come to his help. So the Wolf made
a good meal off the boy’s flock, and when the boy
E. Insert this sentence with the best clause or
complained, the wise man of the village said:
phrase
‘A liar will not be believed, even when he speaks the truth.’
34. A young Man had been caught ……………………...
35. and He had been condemned ………………………..
C. Find the sentence,the clause and the phrase
36. He expressed his desire ……………………………...
37. and of course ………………………….. was granted.
1. There was once a young Shepherd Boy who tended 38. When his Mother came to him he said: ‘I want to
his sheep at the foot of a mountain near a dark forest whisper to you ………………………………………
2. It was rather lonely for him all day, so he thought 39. and when she brought her ear ………, he nearly bit it
upon a plan by which he could get a little company off.
and some excitement 40. All the bystanders were horrified, and asked him
3. He rushed down towards the village calling out ……………………………………………………….
‘Wolf, Wolf,’ and the villagers came out to meet 41. ‘………………………………. is to punish ,’ he said
him, and some of them stopped with him for a 42. When I was young I began with stealing little things,
considerable time and brought them home …………..
4. This pleased the boy so much that a few days 43. …………………………………………., she laughed
afterwards he tried the same trick, and again the and was glad
villagers came to his help. 44. “…………………….. will not be noticed”, she said
5. But shortly after this a Wolf actually did come out 45. ……………………... is because of her that I am here
from the forest, and began to worry the sheep, and to-day.’
the boy of course cried out ‘Wolf, Wolf,’ still louder 46. ‘He is right, woman,’ said the Priest;; ‘the Lord hath
than before said ‘Train up a child ................he should go
6. But this time the villagers, who had been fooled 47. when he is old he will not depart ………………...’
twice before, thought the boy was again deceiving 48. men were allowed ……………many wives in the old
them, days
7. and nobody stirred to come to his help. So the Wolf 49. Cessar,…………………,came to Egypt to propose
made a good meal off the boy’s flock, Cleopatra
8. and when the boy complained, the wise man of the 50. But She,………………… , didn’t love him
village said: ‘A liar will not be believed, even when 51. ………………. Spread up around Rome
he speaks the truth.’ 52. Cessar got angry……………. And declared war on
Egypt to get ………………….
D. Find the Derivatives 53. …………… ,the Queen rushed into Rome sneakily
…………………….
Noun Verb Adjective 54. Cessar agreed not ……………… but …… condition
55. She had to be married …………………
9. ………… ………… young 56. ………………….,They carried out the wedding
10. ……….. tend ……………. ceremony and even later combined the two kingdom
11. ………… ……………. dark …………………
12. shepperd ………… …………… 57. …………………. Didn’t satisfy his people and
13. ……….. ……………. lonely Finally he was assassinated ……… Brutus
 UNIT 10
COHERENCE & UNITY
The proper Adjustment of the disorder & oneness of thought in a sentence

A. THE SNAP – SHOT

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

 Either Mary or Jane are going there (wrong/incoherent )

Either Mary or Jane is going there (right/coherent )
 One of the boys were sleeping during class (wrong/incoherent )
One of the boys was sleeping during class (right/coherent )
 Neither my mother nor my sister are here (wrong/incoherent )
Neither my mother nor my sister is here (right/coherent ) # notice the last Subject
 Tomorrow never die (wrong/incoherent )
Tomorrow never dies ,etc (right/coherent )

CONSISTENCY

 My family lives in Jakarta. I love them so much (wrong/inconsistent )

My family lives in Jakarta. I love it so much
Or (right/consistent)
My family live in Jakarta. I love them so much
 The Mobile-phone is a necessity. Everybody uses them (wrong/inconsistent )
The Mobile-phone is a necessity. Everybody uses it
COHERENCE & Or (right/consistent)
UNITY The Mobile-phones are a necessity. Everybody uses them
 Nobody has done their work (wrong/inconsistent)
Nobody has done his work or Nobody have done their work (right/consistent)
TENSE RULE

 I was reading a newspaper when he come (wrong)

I was reading a newspaper when he came (right )
 I had felt tired when I got home from soccer-practice (wrong)
I felt tired when I got home from soccer-practice (right )
 They were watching TV while he typed (wrong )
They were watching TV while he was typing (right )
 When he arrived, she went away
Both are right but having different idea
When he arrived, she was going away
 Etc , (see the FAQ )

BETTERNESS
 They serve good food in that restaurant ( better avoided )
That restaurant serves good food ( better used )
 You get coffee at that counter ( better avoided )
Coffee is served at that counter ( better used)
 One should always be ready to serve one’s country (better avoided )
A man should always be ready to serve his country (better used ) , ETC
DEFINITENESS
 He says I am ill ,which is not true ( indefinite, which refers to statement
,which I’m not (indefinite, which refers to Adj
But this/it is not true (indefinite , which refers to the statement
Better to say :
- He says I am ill but I’m not
- I am not ill though he says I am definite and simpler
- It is not true that I am ill
SIMPLICITY – IT
 In the paper it says rain ( too many words/wordy )
The paper predicts rain (less wordy)
 In the book it tells how to make cakes ( too many words/wordy )
The book tells how to make cakes ( less wordy )
 In the prospectus it explains the road ( too many words/wordy )
The road is explained in the prospectus
B. THE PASSAGE 17. danger ……………. ……………………
18. …………. ………… sly
19. …………. ……………. Treacherous
Belling the Cat 20. approach …………… ……………………
Long ago, the mice had a general council to
21. …………. Receive ……………………
considered what measures they could took to outwit their
22. signal …………… ……………………
common enemy, the Cat. Some said this, and some said
23. …………. Escape ……………………
that; but at last a young mouse get up and said he had a
24. ………….. venture ……………………
proposal to made, which he think will meet the case. ‘You
25. ………….. procure ……………………
will all agree,’ said he, ‘that our chief danger consisted in
26. …………. Attach ……………………
the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy
27. …………. Retire ……………………
approached us. Now, if we could received some signal of
28. …………… ………………. General
her approach, we could easily escaped from her. I venture,
29. …………… bell ……………………
therefore, to proposing that a small bell be procured, and
30. …………… ………………. Impossible
attached by a ribbon round the neck of the Cat.
By this means we should always know when
she is about, and could easily retire while she is in the
E. Get the right coherence and unity to this
neighborhood.’ This proposal meet with general applause, sentence
31. the reason I like it is because it is beautiful
until an old mouse got up and said: ‘That is all very well,
32. The reason is because he is popular
but who is bell the Cat?’ The mice looked at each other 33. he came during the time that you were out
and nobody speaking. Then the old mouse said: 34. The condemning fact about the man is because he is rich.
35. Because you were elected doesn’t justify your being
‘It is easy to proposing impossible remedies.’ superior in attitude
36. Work is when one is occupied agreeably
C. Find and Correct the mistakes 37. he jumped at the time at which he heard the bell ring
38. Not only you but also He …… (is/are) here
39. Both Nancy and Joanna ……….(is /are ) going to deliver a
1. Long ago, the mice had a general council to speech
considered what measures they could took to outwit 40. Though Nobody …………. (love) you, God will always
their common enemy, the Cat love and never ………. (abandon ) you
2. Some said this, and some said that; but at last a 41. While Clinton …………. (Shovel) the snow, Hillary
young mouse get up and said he had a proposal to ………. (slip ) on it
42. I knew that workers …………… (go) to General Council to
made, which he think will meet the case call for justice
3. ‘You will all agree,’ said he, ‘that our chief danger 43. While I ………….. (open ) the Box, she …… (run away )
consisted in the sly and treacherous manner in which in fear
the enemy approached us. 44. You can read either Novel ……. (and/or) A newspaper
4. Now, if we could received some signal of her 45. Either You or I ………..(am/are ) here to wait
approach, we could easily escaped from her 46. I have club and ………… (have/has) 50 members
5. I venture, therefore, to proposing that a small bell be 47. in the text book ,it is founded some heroine
48. They only call and interview the experienced people for that
procured, and attached by a ribbon round the neck of position
the Cat. 49. Rumor says Mayangsari was already pregnant , which is
6. By this means we should always know when she is possibly right, before getting married with Bambang
about, and could easily retire while she is in the 50. My ankle hurts and I shall therefore run the race
neighborhood 51. One must have one’s believe in God to survive
7. ’ This proposal meet with general applause, until an 52. You don’t need to be hurried if your safety is in danger
old mouse got up 53. His speech was well
8. And said: ‘That is all very well, but who is bell the 54. He will pass so he does his work
55. one can buy Milk and coffee here
Cat?’ The mice looked at each other and nobody 56. the audience has been ready but still the speaker doesn’t
speaking show up to them
9. Then the old mouse said: ‘It is easy to proposing 57. I like English and Spirituality. it gives me knowledge and
impossible remedies.’ peace of mind
58. on our return from the city, we found guests at the house
D. Find the Derivatives (c: pron we omitted)
59. John danced but Marry sang at the school entertainment
60. While he seems happy, he feels his loss deeply
Noun Verb Adjective 61. The summers are short and hot but the winters are long and
cold (clue : while )
10. ………… ………… general 62. Do your best when/while you wish to get ahead (c;if )
11. ……….. consider ……………. 63. He will pass so he does his work (clue: provided)
12. measures ……………. …………… 64. So you will torture me, I will not tell ((clue :though )
13. …………. ………… common 65. An old general told us his experience in the world war
14. enemy ……………. ………….. which was most interesting
15. proposal ………… ………….. 66. We went to the circus and to see the elephant perform
67. The president of our club is a man about thirty years old and
16. ……….. …………. chief he is very much liked
 UNIT 11
EMPHASIS & VARIETY
Making the speaking/writing stronger and more engaging

A. THE SNAP – SHOT

EMPHATIC POSITION - first is stronger
Example :
 While his stomach was being opened, Mahatma Gandhi calmly meditated
 Though She had been absent many months, Sharapova won the game in her first return ,etc

PARENTHETICAL STRUCTURE – the middle is the stronger

Example :
 Shots out close by,and, almost before I knew what had happened, my friend lay dead ,etc

PERIODIC STRUCTURE – the last is the stronger

Example :
 A long time ago while I was in active service in The Navy , I saw a huge battleship turn turtle,etc

BALANCED
Example :
 Man proposes God disposes * Worth makes the man
 Nothing venture, nothing gain * No pain no Gain
 An eye for an eye * A tooth for a tooth ,etc

ANTITHESIS – contrast of ideas

Example :
 I know him in and out
 He has a life up and down,etc

REPETATION
Example :
 He works day after day
 He lives there all alone
 He asks me for money over and over and over again
 He does the experiment many and many and many a day
 I love you forever and ever and ever ,etc

DIRECT DISCOURSE
Example :
 He shouted to the crowd ,“ I am ready to stand by these promises to the death” , etc

QUESTION AND EXCLAMATION

 He has gone where
 She has had what happiness
 Do go * Do never give up

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
 Never was there a beautiful day * Hardly ever does he work everyday
 Not only does he prefer it but he will have it in no other way

ADVERB
 Here is an apple * There he comes

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT
 The more the merrier * The harder you try the more difficult it will be

SUBJUNCTIVE
 Had I known it , I would have helped him
 Were you to go with me, I would be happier

EXPRESSIONAL FORMS
 the whys are important * the really beautiful is rare
 seeing is believing * saving is having
 That he had failed was known by all * His dancing was very awkward ,etc
B. PASSAGE E. Change into the best emphasis

26. There is normally a sad day in my life

The Fox and the Grapes 27. He asked me why I came late
28. She is such a beautiful girl
Really was there One hot summer’s day when a
29. He slept soundly while the president gave a speech
Fox was strolling through an orchard till he came to a
30. If I could fly to the Sirion planet ,I would see her
bunch of Grapes just ripening on a vine which had been
beings
trained over a lofty branch. ‘Here is Just the thing to
31. There are several matters to notice like How and
quench my thirst,’ quoth he. Drawing back a few paces,
When to start the work
he took a run and a jump, and just missed the bunch.
32. She knew all the answers though she didn’t take any
Turning round again with a One, Two, Three, he jumped
notes
up, but with no greater success. Over and over and over
33. The surfer swims harder to get close to the island to
again he tried after the tempting morsel, but at last had to
escape from the shark but It attacks him easier
give it up, and walked away with his nose in the air,
34. You don’t need to be worried
saying: ‘I am sure they are sour.’ then It bothered him
35. I hope you to come to my party tonight
day after day all alone
36. To compare between money and action , the former
speaks louder than the latter
It is easy to despise what you cannot get.
37. the condition that you are safe is the first priority
wherever you are
38. You cannot expect to be served first if you don’t
C. FIND THE EMPHASIS come first
39. It’s been a very long time that I don’t see you
1. Really was there One hot summer’s day when a Fox 40. If you don’t have any money , don’t talk over
was strolling through an orchard till he came to a business
bunch of Grapes just ripening on a vine which had 41. Don’t waste your time carelessly because it doesn’t
been trained over a lofty branch. cover up again
2. ‘Here is Just the thing to quench my thirst,’ quoth he. 42. I’m so surprised and glad to see you here very far
3. Drawing back a few paces, he took a run and a jump, away in another continent that I didn’t imagine
and just missed the bunch before
4. Turning round again with a One, Two, Three, he 43. Sometimes I don’t know what are the first things to
jumped up, but with no greater success complete in my day of activities
5. Over and over and over again he tried after the 44. He speaks not only English but also Greek very well
tempting morsel, 45. I have told him many times not to repeat the same
6. but at last had to give it up, and walked away with mistakes
his nose in the air, saying: ‘I am sure they are sour.’ 46. He runs on the travellator to the second floor and
7. then It bothered him day after day all alone back to first floor and back to the second just to find
his missing son
47. He has been very old and it’s great
D. FIND THE DERIVATIVE 48. Nobody knows where she has gone
49. If one wants to imperfect his knowledge ,he must do
Noun Verb Adjective a lot of practice
50. She leaves her world for good and turns to be a nun
7 ………… ………… hot 51. He is famous for his goodness to help people easily
8 ……….. stroll ……………. 52. all of a sudden he passed out after he had heard the
9 …………. Ripen …………… news
10 thirst ………… …………… 53. Sometimes by teaching , we also learn
11 .……… miss ………….. 54. thus the same thing happens that by writing , we can
12 success ………… ………….. explore certain things which we don’t expect to find
13 .……….. …………. Tempting out before
14 morsel …………. ………….. 55. The mourning father couldn’t forget his killed son .
15 .………… ………….. sour Surely he will take a revenge
16 ………… despise …………… 56. His success is surprising everybody
17 ………… quoth ………….. 57. Don’t you ever think that God leaves you
18 ……….. …………. Lofty 58. They are just rules that one can get away from them
19 ………… …………. Sure 59. laughter is the best medicine in life especially when
20 ………… ………… great problems come around
21 ………… quench ………….. 60. It’s hard to make money .You must work hard every
22 ………… try ………….. day
23 bunch ………….. ………….. 61. Politician must be brave to deserve the best position
24 pace …………. ………….. unless he will be only the secondary
25 ……….. …………. alone 62. It’s impossible to remain the same for everything
 UNIT 12
SENTENCE ANALYSIS
A separation of a sentence into its components

A. THE SNAP – SHOT

1. WHAT KIND OF SENTENCE

A. IN-DEPENDENT CLAUSES
- Name the essential Subjects completely
2. CLAUSE - Name the essential predicate completely
- Explain all modifying words

B. DEPENDENT CLAUSE
- What kind of This Clause
- How it functions
- How the relationship to the In-Dependent Clause
- Name the essential Subjects completely
- Name the essential predicate completely
- Explain all modifying words
3. PHRASES

EXAMPLE OF ANALISYS 1 :

THE MILLIONS of STUDENTS STUDIED DILLIGENTLY TOWARD THE LAST EXAMS

1. What kind of sentence ? – A simple declarative sentence

2. The essential Subject is - Students,having definite article The and by the numeral adjective
millions of
3. The essential Predicate is - Studied ,having Adv of manner Diligently and Adv Prep Phrase of
direction Toward the last Exams in which toward is the preposition
and exams is its noun object modified by definite article the and the
limiting adjective last
4. The complete Predicate is - Studied diligently toward the last exams

EXAMPLE OF ANALISYS 2 :

If the weather is clear we shall go in the new car which is my pride and joy

* What kind of sentence ? – A complex declarative sentence , having :

1 independent Clause

we shall go in the new car

In which :
We - is the essential and complete Subject
Shall go - is the essential Predicate
Shall go in the new car - is the Complete Predicate
In the new car - is an adv prepositional phrase of manner modifying shall go
In - is the preposition
Car - is noun object modified by definite article the and the
descriptive adjective new

2 dependent clause :

IF THE WEATHER IS FINE WHICH IS MY PRIDE AND JOY

-Adv clause of condition mod the Predicate Shall go
- If , the conjunctive adv and serve as the connection link
Between the conditional clause and the independent Clause
Weather is the essent S & the weather is the Complete S
- Is , the Ess P & is clear ,the Complete P
- Clear is adj as a pred Complement describing the weather
- it’s Adj clause modifying Car in the In
dependent Clause
- Which is the relative Pronoun as Subj of
the Verb Is , the essential P
- is my pride and joy , the Complete P
- the phrase pride and joy is the compound
pred noun , modified by the possessive
pronoun my and connected by the coordinate
conjunction and
B. Passage E. Analyze this way !

The Lion in Love My Students Study English Seriously

A Lion once fell in love with a beautiful maiden

and proposed marriage to her parents. The old people did Subject Mod Pred Mod Object Tense
not know what to say. They did not like to give their
daughter to the Lion, yet they did not wish to enrage the
King of Beasts. At last the father said: ‘We feel highly Noun Phrase Verb Direct The Present
Transitive Verbal S
honored by your Majesty’s proposal, but you see our
daughter is a tender young thing, and we fear that in the Possessive Proper Adv of Prop Noun Simple
vehemence of your affection you might possibly do her Pronoun Noun Manner UCN Present T
some injury. Might I venture to suggest that your Majesty
should have your claws removed, and your teeth
extracted, then we would gladly consider your proposal MY Students Study Seriously English
again.’ The Lion was so much in love that he had his
claws trimmed and his big teeth taken out. But when he
came again to the parents of the young girl they simply He was sick last night
laughed in his face, and bade him do his worst.

Love can tame the wildest. Subject Mod Pred Modifi Complement

C. Analyze the sentence Noun Phrase AuxVerb/ Descriptive

1. A Lion once fell in love with a beautiful maiden and Tense Adjective
proposed marriage to her parents
2. The old people did not know what to say
3. They did not like to give their daughter to the Lion, Personal The Past Adv
yet they did not wish to enrage the King of Beasts Pronoun Nominal S of time
4. At last the father said: ‘We feel highly honored by Simple Desc Adj NP
your Majesty’s proposal, but you see our daughter is Past T
a tender young thing, and we fear that in the
vehemence of your affection you might possibly do
her some injury He was last night sick
5. Might I venture to suggest that your Majesty
should have your claws removed, and your teeth Joan spoke to Ron about himself
extracted, then we would gladly consider your S
proposal again.’ NP VP
6. The Lion was so much in love that he had his claws
trimmed and his big teeth taken out Joan V PP PP
7. But when he came again to the parents of the young
girl they simply laughed in his face, and bade him do Spoke P NP P NP
his worst.
8. Love can tame the wildest. To Ron about himself

22. The man knew that she would win several contests
D. Derivatives
23. Mom likes bakso but she doesn’t eat much
Noun Verb Adjective
24. Knowing that he wouldn’t succeed, he resigned from the
9. ………….. ……………… beautiful election
10. marriage …………….. …………….
25. The old people did not know what to say
11. ………… propose …………….
12. ………… know ……………. 26. Love can tame the wildest.
13. affection …………….. …………….
14. …………. ……………. honored 27. The Lion was so much in love that he had his claws
15. ………… remove …………… trimmed and his big teeth taken out
16. …………. Consider …………..
17. …………. Laugh …………. 28. Man proposes God disposes
18. injury ………….. ………….
19. ………… tame ………….. 29. I was reading a newspaper when he came
20. ………… ……………. Tender
21. ……….. extract …………… 30. She left her job for good because of illness
 UNIT 13
PARSING & SYNTAX
Telling what part of speech a word is in a sentence & what part of speech a word is in a sentence

A. THE SNAP – SHOT OF PART OF SPEECH IN ALPHABETICAL ORDERS

( Case –Study )

Indefinite article “ The hunter shots a tiger

Preposition “he has gone a hunting

of Quantity “ He ate all the bread

Adj as a noun “ Give your all to God
Indefinite Numeral “ We all die someday

Adverb “I know all about him

of Quantity “ I don’t have any money

Adj Indefinite Numeral “ Did you have any idea ?
Indefinite Demonstrative “Take any book you like on the shelf there

Adverb of Quantity “We must rest first before going any further

Relative Pronoun “ He is not a fool as he looks

“ Your book is not the same as mine
“ As many men as came were caught

Of time “ He trembled as he spoke

Of manner “ Can you act as he Mr. Bean does
Of state “ He took it as it was
Of extent “ He is not as clever as you
Relative Adverb “ hot as the sun is, we must go out
“ I condemn you as a judge but not as a man
“ As regards to this plan, I cannot decide
“ As to that matter, She will inquire again
Of reason “ The air is cool now as the rain has fallen

Comparative “ My book is better than his

Adj
as a noun “ Why didn’t you tell your betters during the interview ?

Comparative Adverb “You are thinking better today

Definite Numeral Adjective “ Both the men have arrived

Co-ordinating Conjunction “He is both a fool and a naive

Adverb “ There is but one man present

Co-ordinating “ He is a man of common sense but not learned in books

Conjunction
Subordinating “ Death may catch my soul , but I love you

Preposition “I don’t need anything but love

“None can do this but him

Distributive Adjective “ He is ruined in either case

Co-ordinating Conjunction “He is either in GM or in TP

Adverb “ We couldn’t invite any one else

“ Do this or else

Co-ordinating Conjunction “ He has some real sorrow; else he wouldn’t weep as he does
 of Quantity “ He has got enough money to stay
Adj as a noun “ Enough is enough
“ Get your enough to complete the work
Numeral “ we have enough books to understand this matter

of Quantity “ Half measures do not succeed

Adj
as a noun “ One half of his task is now done

Adverb of Quantity “he was half dead with fear

of Quantity “ He has eaten a little rice

Adj of Quality “ A little blow may give much pain
as a noun “ a little is okay with me

Adverb of Quantity “ let us wait here a little

Of Quantity “ I like him more than you

Adverb
Of Number “ I saw him once more

Of quantity “ He has more money than you

Adj Of number “ more men came today than yesterday
As a noun “ more is done today

Of quantity “ He has wasted much time

Adj
As a noun “ you will not get much from me

Adverb of quantity ´I’m much pleased with your son

Distributive Adjective “ I agree with neither side

Co-ordinating Conjunction “ Neither you nor I can do that

Adverb “ stand near while I speak to you

Adjective “ He is a near relative of mine
Preposition “ She lives near my house

Verb “ the earth is very dry and needs rain

Adverb “needs ,he must know the reason of this
Noun “ our needs are few

Definite numeral “ there is but one shilling left

Adj
Indef demonstrative “ he came here one day

Indef demonstrative “ one is apt to waste one’s time

Pron
Def Demonstrative “ Your horse is black but mine is a white one

Adjective “ The only dog I had is stolen

Adverb “ I heard of this only yesterday
Coord Conjunction “ Do what you like ; only keep silent

Adjective “ A square thing doesn’t fit into a round hole

Preposition “ Draw a circle round this paper
Adverb “ The fly is flying round and round
Verb “ Don’t round this room
Noun “ Men must go their daily round of duty

Preposition “ I haven’t seen him since Monday

Adverb “ I took this house four weeks since
Subordinating Conjunction “ We must trust you since you are speaking in earnest

Verb “ single out the best

Adjective “ he is a single man
 Def Demonstrative “ He is not such a man as I expected
Adj
Indef Dem “ He came to me on such a day

Def Dem Pron “ You are a coward. I’m not a such

Effect “ He aimed so well that he hit the mark

Conj Apposite “ he heard that you come
Purpose “ we must eat that we may live

Def Demon “ the light of the sun is brighter than that of the moon
Pron
Relative “ the book that you gave me is lost

Def Demon Adjective “ I’m no admirer of that book

Preposition “ he was fond of any drink other than wine

“ these workmen, than whom I’ve never seen men more industrious ,have
left me
Sub Conjunction “ I like this more than that

Adverb of time “ he was better than he is now

Coord Conj “ I see,then,we ought to start at once

Definite Article “ the Ass is a dull animal

Adverb of Quantity “ The more ,the merrier

Adverb of quantity “ he is too fond of play

Coord Conj “ We too must expect to die someday

Of Quality “ he has done the work very well

Adv
As a noun “ Leave the well alone

Coord Conjunction “ He has finished the work in time.Well,I didn’t expect it of such a lazy
man

Interrogative “ What did you do last summer ?

Pron
Relative “ I don’t know what you mean

Indef Demonstrative “ I tell you what

Adverb “ What with illness,What with losses, the poor man is almost ruined

Noun “ stop a little while

Conjunction “ While the cat’s away ,the mice play

Coord. Conjuntion “ I have called; yet no one answers

Adverb of time “ You may yet find him

B. The passage E. Identify the parsing of the sentence this way!
Boys attended
The Lion and the Mouse
1. Noun 1. Verb
Once when a Lion was asleep a little Mouse began
running up and down upon him; this soon wakened the Lion, who 2. Common 2. finite
placed his huge paw upon him, and opened his big jaws to 3. Masculine 3. intransitive
swallow him. ‘Pardon, O King,’ cried the little Mouse: ‘forgive 4. Plural 4. active
me this time, I shall never forget it: who knows but what I may be 5. indicative
5. Third
able to do you a turn some of these days?’ The Lion was so 6. imperfect
tickled at the idea of the Mouse being able to help him, that he 7. plural
lifted up his paw and let him go.
Some time after the Lion was caught in a trap, and the
8. .third
hunters who desired to carry him alive to the King, tied him to a
tree while they went in search of a wagon to carry him on. Just Alas! Just as I came ,the door, swinging on its hinges, made
then the little Mouse happened to pass by, and seeing the sad 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
plight in which the Lion was, went up to him and soon gnawed A frightful noise that woke everybody in the house
away the ropes that bound the King of the Beasts. ‘Was I not 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
right?’ said the little Mouse.
1. Interjection , simple, independent
Little friends may prove great friends. 2. Adverb,degree,modify As
3. Coinjunction,adverbial of time, connecting adv c of
C. Do the parsing to the text above time with made
4. Pronoun,personal,common,singular,first,nominative,
1. Once when a Lion was asleep a little Mouse began running Subject of Came
up and down upon him; this soon wakened the Lion, who 5. Verb,finite, principal,intransitive,strong
placed his huge paw upon him, and opened his big jaws to ,active,indicative,imperfect,first,singular,predicate f
swallow him. the adverbial Clause
2. ‘Pardon, O King,’ cried the little Mouse: ‘forgive me this 6. Article,definite, modifies door
time, I shall never forget it: who knows but what I may be 7. Noun,common,neuter,singular,third,nominative,
able to do you a turn some of these days?’ subject of made
3. The Lion was so tickled at the idea of the Mouse being able 8. Verb, participle, principal, intransitive, strong, active,
to help him, that he lifted up his paw and let him go. present Tense, modifies door
4. Some time after the Lion was caught in a trap, and the 9. Preposition, simple,adverbial,Shows relationship
hunters who desired to carry him alive to the King, tied him between swinging and hinges
to a tree while they went in search of a wagon to carry him 10. Pronoun.personal,
on. neuter,singular,third,possessive,modifies hinges
5. Just then the little Mouse happened to pass by, and seeing 11. Noun,common,neuter,plural,third,objective,object of
the sad plight in which the Lion was, went up to him and on
soon gnawed away the ropes that bound the King of the 12. Verb,finite,principal,transitive,strong,active,indicative
Beasts ,imperfect,third,singular, predicate of independent
6. ‘Was I not right?’ said the little Mouse. clause
7. Little friends may prove great friends 13. Article,indefinite,modifies door
14. Adjective,descriptive,positive,modifies noise
15. Noun,common,neuter,singular,third,objective,object
D. Derivatives of made
16. Pronoun,relative,neuter,singular,third,nominative,Subj
Noun Verb Adjective ect of woke
17. Verb,finite,principal,transitive,strong,active,indicative
8. …………… ………………. Asleep ,imperfect,third,singular,Predicate of the Adj Clause
9. …………… ……………… little 18. Pronoun,indefinite,common,singular,third,objective,o
10. …………… waken ………………. bject of woke
11. …………… place ………………. 19. Preposition,simple,Adjective,Shows relationship
12. …………… ………………. Huge between Everybody and house
13. …………… swallow ………………. 20. Article, definite,modifies house
14. …………… cry ………………. 21. Noun ,common,neuter,singular,third,objective,object
15. …………… forgive ………………. of in
16. turn ………………. ……………….
17. idea ………………. ………………. 28. The Girls are singing in the hall now
18. ………….. ………………. Tickle 29. several farmers have planted rice
19. …………. ………………. Able 30. Many people will come to the show which will be
20. trap ……………… ……………… opened by the President
21. ………….. hunt ………………
31. Once when a Lion was asleep , a little Mouse began running
22. ………….. desire ………………
up and down upon him.
23. search ………………. ………………..
24. plight ………………. ………………. 32. Little friends may prove great friends
25. ………….. gnaw ………………. 33. He has done the work very well
26. …………. Bound ……………… 34. He aimed so well that he hit the mark
27. ………….. prove ………………. 35. I tell you what