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Alan
Sinkin
Tx.
Bar
#18438675
P.
O.
Box
944
Hilo,
Hawaii
96721
(808)
936-4428
lanny.sinkin@gmail.com
Counsel
for
Plaintiff
IN
THE
UNITED
STATES
DISTRICT
COURT
FOR
THE
DISTRICT
OF
HAWAII
)
Frank
Kamealoha
Anuumealani
Nobriga,
)
Civ.
No.
15-cv-00254
DKW
BMK
)
Plaintiff
)
PLAINTIFFS
OPPOSITION
TO
)
COUNTY
DEFENDANTS
ROTH,
)
NAGATA,
AND
BAILEY
MOTION
Vs.
)
TO
DISMISS;
EXHIBITS
1
14;
)
CERTIFICATE
OF
SERVICE
)
David
Y.
Ige,
et
al.,
)
OCTOBER
16,
2015
TIME:
9:30
A.M.
Defendants
)
JUDGE
DERRICK
K.
WATSON
_________________________________________________)
PLAINTIFF
NOBRIGAS
MEMORANDUM
IN
OPPOSITION
TO
DEFENDANTS
MITCH
ROTH,
IN
HIS
CAPACITY
AS
HAWAII
COUNTY
PROSECUTING
ATTORNEY,
DARIEN
NAGATA,
IN
HER
CAPACITY
AS
HAWAII
COUNTY
DEPUTY
PROSECUTING
ATTORNEY
AND
ELIZABETH
BRITT
BAILEY,
IN
HER
CAPACITY
AS
HAWAII
COUNTRY
DEPUTY
PROSECUTING
ATTORNEYS
MOTION
TO
DISMISS
[17]
AMENDED
COMPLAINT,
FILED
JULY
24,
2015;
MEMORANDUM
IN
SUPPORT
OF
MOTION,
DECLARATION
OF
ELIZABETH
BAILEY;
EXHIBITS
1
57;
CERTIFICATE
OF
SERVICE
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
I.
INTRODUCTION
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1
II.
ARGUMENT
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2
A.
The
Declaration
of
an
Emergency
was
Pretextual
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2
B.
Those
Being
Charged
and
Prosecuted
Lack
Criminal
Intent
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3
C.
Hawaiians
Are
Being
Prosecuted
Because
They
are
Reasserting
Their
Identity
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5
D.
Injunctive
Relief
is
Appropriate
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6
E.
Injury
to
Plaintiff
is
Real
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6
F.
Plaintiffs
Amended
Complaint
Satisfies
the
Pleading
Requirements
To
Establish
Jurisdiction
for
this
Honorable
Court.
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15
G.
This
Case
is
that
Unique
Case
Favoring
an
Exception
to
the
Younger
Abstention.
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17
III.
CONCLUSION
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24
TABLE
OF
AUTHORITIES
CASES
Burns
v.
Reed,
500
U.S.
478
(1991)
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18
Burwell
v.
Hobby
Lobby
Stores,
134
S.
Ct.
2751
(2014)
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.
15
Citizens
United
v.
Federal
Election
Commission,
558
U.S.
310
(2010)
.
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.
17
Dombrowski
v.
Pfister,
380
U.S.
479
(1965)
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21
Employment
Div.
v.
Smith,
,
494
U.S.
872
(1990)
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15
Imbler
v.
Pachtman,
424
U.S.
409
(1976)
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18
Lebron
v.
National
Railroad
Passenger
Corporation,
513
U.S.
374,
379
(1995)
.
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.
17
Perez
v.
Ledesma,
401
U.S.
82,
85
(1971)
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23
Younger
v.
Harris,
401
U.S.
37,
91
S.
Ct.
746,
27
L.Ed.2d
669
(1971)
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17
UNITED
STATES
CONSTITUTION
First
Amendment
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.9,
17,
22
Fifth
Amendment
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3,
9
,17
Fourteenth
Amendment
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8,
9,
17
UNITED
STATES
STATUTES
18
U.S.C.
242
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15
28
U.S.C.
1331
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16
42
U.S.C.
1983
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16,
17
42
U.S.C.
1996
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12
42
U.S.C.
11701
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12
HAWAII
STATUTES
Hawaii
Revised
Statutes
Section
91-3
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2,
3
Section
711-1107
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4,
21
Section
195
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21
RULES
HAR
13-209-6
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.21
Defendants Roth, Nagata, and Bailey filed their Motion to Dismiss Amended
While based on different facts to some extent, the County defendants motion
raises
some
issues
similar
to
the
motion
to
dismiss
filed
by
Defendants
Nagata
and
Straney.
Plaintiff
incorporates
herein
the
opposition
Plaintiff
filed
to
that
motion
County defendants note that Plaintiff alleges that the emergency declared as
a
basis
for
adopting
the
rules
in
question
was
based
on
pretexts.
County
Mem.
at
3.
The
defendants
then
proceed
to
argue
that
[o]n
their
face,
the
emergency
DLNR
Rules
state
the
necessary
findings.
Ibid.
at
4,
citing
Exhibit
2.
The
Department
of
Land
and
Natural
Resources
finds
that
the
immediate
adoption
of
this
emergency
rules
amendment
upon
less
than
thirty
days
notice
of
hearing
is
necessary
to
prevent
an
immanent
peril
to
public
safety
and
the
states
natural
resources
related
to
the
presence
of
persons
in
the
portions
of
public
hunting
areas,
Units
A
and
K,
Mauna
Kea,
Hawaii,
referred
to
as
the
Restricted
Area,
between
the
hours
of
10:00
p.m.
and
4:00
a.m.
The
Amended
Complaint
alleges
a
failure
of
the
notice
of
emergency
to
presence
of
persons
in
two
public
hunting
areas
in
the
middle
of
the
night.
There
is
no
specificity
as
to
what
actions
of
such
persons
create
the
immanent
peril
nor
why
those
actions
need
to
be
regulated
only
in
the
two
specified
hunting
areas.
acknowledge
that
the
rules
are
designed
to
prevent
those
conducting
the
24
hour
vigil
to
protect
the
Mauna
from
desecration
from
continuing
to
stay
in
the
vigil
tent
over
night
and
to
adopt
rules
that
will
limit
access
of
the
Protectors
to
the
access
road,
not
the
hunting
areas.
Even
the
very
finding
cited
only
confirms
that
the
defendants
are
pursuing
a
conspiracy
to
suppress
opposition
to
the
TMT.
violates
the
Fifth
Amendment
due
process
rights
of
those
potentially
affected
by
the
rules.
An
emergency
process
allows
the
agency
to
act
within
a
shortened
time
frame
to
give
notice
and
provide
for
a
hearing.
HRS
91-3(b).
decision
making
process
regarding
whether
the
rules
should
be
adopted
requires
the
finding
justifying
the
emergency
be
legitimate
and
specific
enough
to
meet
the
requirements
of
the
statute.
In this case, as argued above, the reasons were pretexts and the only reason
Defendants contest the allegation that those being arrested and prosecuted
Defendants argue that those arrested while protecting the Mauna have
demonstrated
the
necessary
criminal
intent
for
the
County
to
pursue
criminal
charges
and
prosecutions.
County
Mem.
at
4
5.
To argue that those blocking the construction of the TMT are criminals, the
defendants have to deny the validity and sincerity of the assertion of sacredness
concerning
the
Mauna
and,
thus,
the
legitimacy
of
the
faith
being
practiced.
If the belief that the Mauna is sacred is sincere and accepted as such, then the
Plaintiff alleges that the Mauna is a place of worship and burial. Amend.
Compl.
33
41.
Plaintiff
alleges
that
the
Mauna
is
a
public
place
venerated
by
a
substantial
segment
of
the
public.
Ibid.
56.
The
hundreds
of
people
involved
in
blocking
the
TMT
construction
crew
from
reaching
the
construction
site
demonstrate
the
widespread
support
for
protecting
the
site.
Ibid.
88
97.
All
of
the
arrests
documented
in
the
defendants
motion
are
testimony
to
the
level
of
outrage
being
experienced
by
those
aware
of
the
TMT
plans.
County
Mem.
,
Exhibits
3
57.
The criteria for charging desecration are present. Instead, the County
defendants choose to prosecute those whose outrage reaches the level of being
willing
to
be
falsely
arrested
and
prosecuted
to
pursue
protection
of
the
sacred
site.
because
they
sincerely
believe
that
they
have
a
spiritual
obligation
to
do
so,
then
their
actions
are
the
very
opposite
of
criminal.
Given that State law enforcement, including DLNR, the Attorney General, and
the
County
Prosecutor
are
all
aiding
and
abetting
the
TMT
construction
and
cooperating
in
prosecuting
the
Protectors,
see
Exhibit
1,
and
that
the
Kingdom
is
not
yet
able
to
issue
enforceable
orders
to
prevent
the
desecration,
see
Exhibits
2
4,
those
who
physically
obstruct
the
TMT
construction
are
filling
a
void
in
law
enforcement,
not
committing
a
crime.
faith
of
the
Hawaiian
people
continues
the
State
policy
of
suppressing
the
traditional
faith.
That
the
Prosecutor
has
a
reasonable
expectation
that
she
would
be
able
to
obtain
a
valid
conviction
at
trial,
County
Mem.,
Declaration
of
Elizabeth
Bailey
at
5,
simply
confirms
that
policy.
C.
Hawaiians
are
being
Prosecuted
because
they
are
Reasserting
Their
Identity.
County
defendants
contest
the
allegation
that
law
enforcement
is
targeting
Hawaiians
insisting
on
their
faith
and
their
nationality.
County
Mem.
at
5.
To pretend that the Prosecutors are just enforcing the laws on trespass,
Prosecutors
are
part
of
a
conspiracy
that
involves
State
officials
and
law
enforcement,
the
purpose
of
which
is
to
unconstitutionally
deny
the
Protectors
the
ability
to
challenge
the
construction
of
the
TMT.
The
agreement
of
the
Prosecutors
to
participate
in
the
conspiracy
was
a
key
element
in
the
decision
to
pursue
the
conspiracy.
Later
that
month,
Redulla
wrote
that
the
Deputy
Attorney
General
William
Wynhoff
had
informed
him
that
he
believed
the
Land
Board
had
the
authority
to
close
the
state-owned
portion
of
the
roadway
in
the
interests
of
public
safety
and
health.
However,
he
warned
that
the
Hawaii
County
prosecutors
office
would
have
to
be
willing
to
accepts
arrests
that
are
made
under
the
authority
of
such
a
closure.
Exhibit
5
at
2.
to
pursue
prosecution
of
those
opposing
the
conspiracy.
Injunctive
relief
can
put
an
end
to
this
abuse
of
process.
County defendants argue that Plaintiff has suffered no injury and is not likely
As argued above, Plaintiff did suffer a due process injury, if the declaration of
an
emergency
was
pretextual
and
otherwise
failed
to
satisfy
the
requirements
for
such
an
expedited
process
as
alleged
by
Plaintiff.
Amend.
Compl.
138-150.
The only arrests to date pursuant to the rules involved the arrest of those
conducting
the
24
hour
vigil.
See
County
Mem.,
Declaration
of
Elizabeth
Bailey
10.
The Mauna Kea Forest Reserve is part of the State forest reserve system.
http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/forestry/frs/reserves/hawaii-island/
Under
the
Forestry
Reserve
regulations,
anyone
can
receive
a
permit
to
camp.
http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/forestry/frs/permitting/
Under
the
new
Game
Mammal
Hunting
rules,
the
prohibition
on
having
a
tent,
sleeping
bag,
cook
stove,
or
propane
burner
applies
without
exception.
So anyone who secures a permit to camp under the Forestry Reserve rules
and
brings
camping
equipment
in
the
area
will
be
in
violation
of
the
Game
Mammal
Hunting
regulations.
Tourists have no way of knowing about the prohibitions until they encounter
the
sign
posted
just
below
the
Visitor
Center.
Exhibit
6.
There
is
no
procedure
offered
for
tourists
who
have
any
of
the
prohibited
equipment
to
either
turn
in
the
equipment
or
otherwise
come
into
compliance
with
the
prohibition.
Actually,
there
is
no
reason
to
expect
that
the
rule
on
possession
of
prohibited
items
would
ever
be
enforced
against
such
tourists.
The bottom line is that the rules have and will in fact impact only those
opposing
the
TMT
and
protecting
the
Mauna.
This
discriminatory
impact
violates
the
Fourteenth
Amendment
Equal
Protection
Clause.
Among those opposing the TMT and protecting the Mauna are the
practitioners of the traditional Hawaiian faith. The Amended Complaint alleges that
the
rules
have
an
adverse
impact
on
the
exercise
of
the
traditional
faith.
Amend.
Compl.
162.
The
Amended
Complaint
also
alleges
that
the
BLNR
failed
to
consult
with
the
Kahu
K
Mauna,
which
is
supposed
to
provide
guidance
on
the
potential
impacts
of
rules
and
regulations
on
spiritual
practices
on
the
Mauna.
Amend.
Compl.
157;
http://www.malamamaunakea.org/management/kahu-ku-mauna.
Plaintiff is the Kahuna of the Temple of Lono. That means that the previous
Kahuna
passed
the
responsibility
for
this
position
to
the
Plaintiff.
As
such
he
is
a
repository
of
the
teachings
and
practices
of
the
traditional
Hawaiian
faith.
Exhibit
7
at
1-8.
challenge.
Courts
have
long
recognized
the
[o]ne
does
not
have
to
await
the
consummation
of
threatened
injury
to
obtain
preventive
relief.
Cal.
Pro-Life
Council
v.
Getman,
328
F.3d
1088,
1094
(9th
Cir.
2003)
(citation
omitted).
noted
above,
Plaintiff
is
alleging
a
First
Amendment
injury.
The
rules
for
standing
in
such
cases
are
less
stringent
and
strongly
favor
standing.
Ariz.
Right
to
Life
Political
Action
Committee
v.
Bayless,
320
F3d.
1002,
1006
(9th
Cir.
2003).
As far as injury to the Plaintiff beyond the obvious injury of having the
government
issuing
rules
that
restrict
the
practice
of
his
faith,
the
DLNR
rules
are
part
of
a
long-standing
pattern
of
official
suppression
of
the
traditional
Hawaiian
faith.
In
seeking
relief
from
the
rules,
the
Plaintiff
is
also
seeking
an
end
to
the
official
suppression
of
his
faith.
The United States Park Service refers to the Puuhonua as the City of
Refuge.
When
someone
in
trouble
with
the
high
chief
ran
to
the
Puuhonua
before
being
caught
by
the
Kings
guards,
that
person
was
safe.
http://www.nps.gov/puho/planyourvisit/the-puuhonua.htm
That function of the puuhonua was only one aspect of the institution.
The primary function was as a garden charged with feeding the people. The
Puuhonua served as the back up for the entire island civilization, e.g. when a flood
1
The
history
of
the
faith
herein
is
provided
by
the
Plaintiff.
Exhibit
7
at
10.
2
King
Kamehameha
I
established
an
altar
dedicated
to
Lono
at
Ahuena.
Today,
Ahuena
is
operated
as
a
tourist
attraction
by
a
non-profit
organization.
3
The
United
States
National
Park
Service
identifies
the
Puuhonua
as
Puuhonua
O
Honaunau.
Honaunau
is
a
district
in
which
part
of
the
Puuhonua
was
located.
Relegating
the
Puuhonua
to
that
district
falsifies
the
true
history
by
diminishing
the
extent
of
the
Puuhonua.
The
boundaries
of
the
Puuhonua
encompassed
the
lands
from
the
Temple
of
Ku
at
Honokahau
Harbor
to
Kealakekua
Bay.
10
took
the
fruit
trees
in
an
ahupuaa4,
the
people
of
that
district
would
come
to
the
Puuhonua
for
replacement
trees.
The
Puuhonua
was
also
the
site
of
academies
that
taught
skills,
such
as
canoe
making,
net
making,
etc.
This
rich
and
unique
institution
is
reduced
by
the
United
States
National
Park
Service
to
simply
a
sanctuary
for
law
breakers.
The
Puuhonua
is
also
operated
as
a
tourist
attraction.
After his death in 18195, his successors permitted the missionaries to come
to
Hawaii.
they
also
taught
them
that
the
practitioners
of
the
traditional
Hawaiian
faith
were
agents
of
the
Devil.
known
as
the
Moe
Kolohe
Laws.
Inspired
by
the
missionary
teachings,
these
laws
forbid
ancestor
worship
and
other
critical
aspects
of
the
traditional
faith.
People
violating
the
prohibitions
could
be
sent
to
prison
and
otherwise
persecuted.6
11
Eventually, the Christian Hawaiians won and the Kahunas of the traditional
In 1978, the United States Congress passed the American Indian Religious
Freedom
Act,
(AIRFA),
Public
Law
No
95-341
(Joint
Resolution),
92
Stat.
469
(August
11,
1978),
42
U.S.C.
1996.
The
purpose
of
the
law
was
to
protect
and
preserve
the
traditional
religious
rights
and
cultural
practices
of
indigenous
people,
including
Native
Hawaiians.
One
of
the
rights
supposedly
protected
was
access
to
sacred
sites.
That
henceforth
it
shall
be
the
policy
of
the
United
States
to
protect
and
preserve
for
American
Indians
their
inherent
right
of
freedom
to
believe,
express,
and
exercise
the
traditional
religions
of
the
American
Indian,
Eskimo,
Aleut,
and
Native
Hawaiians,
including
but
not
limited
to
access
to
sites,
use
and
possession
of
sacred
objects,
and
the
freedom
to
worship
through
ceremonials
and
traditional
rites.7
Based
on
the
promise
of
this
law,
Sam
Lono,8
Kahuna
of
the
Temple
of
Lono,
emerged
publicly
to
restore
the
sacred
seat
of
the
Temple
at
Puuhonua
Lehua
at
Kualoa.
He
brought
back
the
taro
fields,
planted
numerous
other
crops
and
trees,
built
walkways
throughout
the
puuhonua,
and
built
the
Ma
Pele
at
Kualoa
reconnecting
the
site
to
the
spiritual
practice
of
Moe
Uhane
(communicating
with
the
ancestors).
7
Congress
had
no
problem
using
the
term
traditional
religions
without
placing
that
term
in
quotation
marks.
See
also
42
U.S.C.
11701(2)
(The
Native
Hawaiian
people
are
determined
to
preserve,
develop,
and
transmit
to
future
generations
their
ancestral
territory,
and
their
cultural
identity
in
accordance
with
their
own
spiritual
and
traditional
beliefs,
customs,
practices,
language,
and
social
institutions.)
8
Kahuna
Nu
Pali
Ku
Samuel
Hoopii
O
Kalani
Lono
o
Ka
Makahiki
Po
Paki
12
After the puuhonua was fully developed, the State of Hawaii entered with
bulldozers,
destroyed
everything
that
Sam
Lono
had
planted
and
built,
and
arrested
the
Kahuna
for
camping
without
a
permit.9
Sam Lono spent years in United States courts attempting to vindicate his
In the end, the State levied a $5.00 fine against the Tahuna for camping
without
a
permit.
Despite facing official repression, Sam Lono continued his work to restore
puuhonua
was
the
youngest
puuhonua.
The
purpose
of
his
visit
included
reestablishing
the
connection
between
the
puuhonua
and
Mauna
a
Wkea.
In
the
nomenclature
of
the
Temple
teachings,
the
Mountain
is
the
triangle
that
stands
for
the
ancestors.
Throughout this period of time, Plaintiff was haumana (student) of Sam Lono.
He
learned
the
history
of
missionary
suppression
of
his
faith
and
watched
the
official
suppression
of
his
faith
continuing
under
the
State
of
Hawaii.
the
Gods
to
intervene
and
prevent
the
building
of
the
Keck
Observatory
outriggers.
9
At
that
time,
camping
without
a
permit
was
not
an
offense
for
which
one
could
be
arrested.
13
Moe Uhane takes place over an indeterminate period of time. When the King
notified
the
National
Park
Service
of
his
intention,
the
Park
Service
attempted
to
place
restrictions
on
how
long
the
King
could
remain
and
ended
up
essentially
threatening
to
arrest
him,
if
he
overstayed
the
period
that
the
National
Park
Service
would
allow.
Exhibits
8
13.
Plaintiff and the King decided to wait until a later day for the visit when they
BLNR,
either
through
ignorance
or
deliberately,
simply
continue
the
illegal
and
unconstitutional
official
practice
of
suppressing
attempts
to
practice
the
traditional
faith
of
the
Hawaiian
people.
Nobriga,
Kahuna
of
the
Temple
of
Lono,
Exhibit
2
and
Exhibits
A
through
C
thereto,
the
traditional
faith
practice
is
alive
and
well.
14
demonstrate
some
compelling
purpose
for
placing
such
a
heavy
burden
on
the
practice
of
the
traditional
faith
as
are
found
in
the
restrictions
at
issue.
Amend.
Compl.
114-122.
See
e.g. Employment
Div.
v.
Smith,
,
494
U.S.
872,
878-82
(1990);
Burwell
v.
Hobby
Lobby
Stores,
134
S.
Ct.
2751,
2760-61
(2014).
immanent
peril
to
public
safety
and
the
states
natural
resources
related
to
the
presence
of
persons
in
the
portions
of
public
hunting
areas,
Units
A
and
K,
Mauna
Kea,
Hawaii,
referred
to
as
the
Restricted
Area,
between
the
hours
of
10:00
p.m.
and
4:00
a.m.
is
too
vague
and
abstract
to
support
an
argument
of
compelling
purpose.
Again, the simple truth is that the BLNR adopted the new rules in order to
drive
the
Protectors
off
the
Mauna
and
prevent
another
successful
blockade
of
the
TMT
construction
crew.
The
flaws
in
the
adoption
process
and
in
the
rules
themselves
are
a
product
of
that
impermissible
purpose.
F.
Plaintiffs
Amended
Complaint
Satisfies
the
Pleading
Requirements
to
Establish
Jurisdiction
for
this
Honorable
Court.
Plaintiffs
Amended
Complaint
alleged
violations
of
18
U.S.C.
242.
Amend.
Compl.
3.
In
support
of
that
allegation,
Plaintiff
alleged
that
the
Defendants
intended
to
use
armed
law
enforcement
personnel
to
enforce
their
unconstitutional
and
illegal
rules
only
on
persons
targeted
for
their
political
and/or
spiritual
beliefs.
Amend.
Compl.
1,
11,
12,
131.10
10
Plaintiffs
Counsel
also
serves
as
the
Chief
Advocate
(Alii
Manao
Nui)
of
the
Kingdom
of
Hawaii
by
appointment
of
Alii
Nui
Mi
(High
Chief/King)
Edmund
15
for
relief
to
enforce
federal
rights,
including
federal
Constitutional
rights
is
via
42
U.S.C.
1983.
County
Mem.
at
14,
citation
omitted.
Should
the
Court
become
convinced
at
some
point
that
the
Kingdom
still
exists
and
treaties
signed
between
the
Kingdom
and
the
United
States
are
still
valid,
jurisdiction
may
be
found
in
the
United
States
Treaty
with
the
Hawaiian
Islands,
December
20,
1849.
Article
XI
of
that
treaty
states:
It
is
agreed
that
perfect
and
entire
liberty
of
conscience
shall
be
enjoyed
by
the
citizens
and subjects of both the contracting
parties,
in
the
countries
of
the
one
of
the
other,
without
their
being
liable
to
be
disturbed
or
molested
on
account
of
their
religious
belief.
To
the
extent
the
United
States
asserts
jurisdiction
over
the
lands
of
Mauna
a
Wkea
and
those
opposing
the
TMT
for
spiritual
reasons
are
subjects
of
the
Kingdom,
the
harassment,
arrests,
prosecutions,
etc.
by
the
United
States
would
violate
that
treaty.
16
Treating this case as brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1983 does not make a
new
claim.
Lebron
v.
National
Railroad
Passenger
Corporation,
513
U.S.
374,
379
(1995).
Throughout
the
Amended
Complaint,
Plaintiff
consistently
asserted
violations
of
his
First,
Fifth,
and
Fourteenth
Amendment
rights
related
to
the
free
exercise
of
his
faith.
Citizens
United
v.
Federal
Election
Commission,
558
U.S.
310
(2010)
Slip
at
14.
(Rather, it isat mosta new argument to support what has
been [a] consistent claim: that [the FEC] did not accord [Citizens United] the
rights it was obliged to provide by the First Amendment.)
G.
This
Case
is
that
Unique
Case
Favoring
an
Exception
to
the
Younger
Abstention.
County
defendants
argue
that
this
Honorable
Court
should
not
interfere
with
State
criminal
proceedings
and
should
dismiss
the
County
Prosecutors
as
defendants
citing
Younger
v.
Harris,
401
U.S.
37,
91
S.
Ct.
746,
27
L.Ed.2d
669
(1971).
exceptions
are
almost
never
implemented.
Plaintiff
argues
that
this
case
may
qualify
as
that
unique
case
where
the
abstention
is
inappropriate.
the
part
of
State
officials
to
suppress
a
political
and
spiritual
movement.
In
that
allegation,
the
County
Prosecutors
play
a
critical
role,
using
their
powers
of
prosecution
in
an
attempt
to
intimidate
the
movement.
This case is not about an individual prosecution. Dozens of people have been
17
is
that
immunity
does
not
apply
unless
the
action
challenged
is
an
advocative
function.
The
distinction
is
between
those
aspects
of
the
prosecutors
responsibility
that
cast
him
in
the
role
of
an
administrator
or
investigative
officer
rather
than
an
advocate.
Imbler
v.
Pachtman,
424
U.S.
409,
430-31
(1976).
Illustrative
of
the
difference
is
Burns
v.
Reed,
500
U.S.
478
(1991)
in
which
the
prosecutors
were
absolutely
immune
from
actions
related
to
presentation
of
evidence
to
a
grand
jury
and
not
immune
from
liability
for
advice
given
to
police
officers
that
led
to
rights
violations.
When
the
prosecutor
erroneously
told
the
police
that
hypnotizing
a
witness
was
constitutional,
the
prosecutor
was
not
engaged
in
advocative
conduct.
Ibid.
at
492-96.
between
various
County
and
State
officials
discussing
how
to
prevent
the
Protectors
of
the
Mountain
from
continuing
to
protect
the
sacred
site.
Exhibits
1,
5.
Conversations involving the Hawaii County Police and TMT began in May on
how
to
close
the
road
in
order
to
prevent
people
from
blocking
the
TMT
construction
crews
desecration
of
a
sacred
site.
Exhibit
5
at
2.
The
proposal
being
considered
was
to
close
the
Mauna
Kea
road
at
the
Daniel
K.
Inouye
Highway.
Id.
The County Prosecutor played a key role in the implementation of the plan to
18
Scott
Fretz
of
the
Division
of
Forestry
and
Wildlife
(DFW)
said
that
we
might
be
able
to
temporarily
close
or
restrict
access
to
the
road
under
the
Game
Mammal
Hunting
Rules,
Title
13,
Chapter
123,
which
regulate
game
mammal
hunting.
Id.
Deputy Attorney General Chow was trying solve the dilemma of how to
close
the
road
to
the
Protectors
of
the
Mountain
without
appearing
to
target
them
in
violation
of
their
constitutional
and
civil
rights.
Id.
The acting administrator of the DFW suggested that they use the Game
Deputy Attorney General Wynhoff said that before pursuing that option, they
should
know
whether
the
County
Prosecuting
Attorney
would
accept
cases
for
prosecution
that
were
based
on
the
Game
Mammal
Hunting
Rules
especially
adopted
to
close
the
Mauna
Kea
road
to
the
Protectors.
Id.
Later
that
month,
[Deputy
Enforcement
Chief
of
DLNRs
Division
of
Conservation
and
Resource
Enforcement
Jason]
Redulla
wrote
that
Deputy
Attorney
General
William
Wynhoff
had
informed
him
that
he
believed
the
Land
Board
has
the
authority
to
close
the
state-owned
portion
of
the
roadway
in
the
interests
of
public
safety
and
health.
However,
he
warned
that
the
Hawaii
County
prosecutors
office
would
have
to
be
willing
to
accept
arrests
that
are
made
under
the
authority
of
such
a
closure.
Id.
Redulla
asked
DLNR
branch
chief
Lino
Kamakau
to
contact
the
Hawaii
County
Prosecutors
Office
and
brief
them
on
this
information.
Redulla
asked
Kamakau
to
[p]lease
ask
them
whether
they
would
be
willing
to
accept
cases
and
charge
people
who
are
arrested
if
such
a
road
closure
would
take
place.
While
the
article
is
silent
on
whether
the
County
Prosecuting
Attorney
agreed
to
prosecute
violations
of
a
road
closure
rule
adopted
under
the
Game
Mammal
hunting
rules,
DLNR
enforcement
did
proceed
to
make
arrests
pursuant
to
19
the
new
law
and
the
Prosecutor
did
in
fact
accept
such
charges
when
people
were
arrested
for
violating
the
new
rule.
County
Mem.,
Declaration
of
Elizabeth
Bailey
10.
Prosecuting
attorney
did
advise
the
Hawaii
County
Police
and
the
DLNR
Division
of
Conservation
and
Resource
Enforcement
that
arrests
made
pursuant
to
the
new
rules
would
be
legal,
constitutional,
and
subject
to
prosecution.
That
advice
was
not
advocative
conduct
and,
therefore,
not
immune.
Unconstitutional and illegal arrests and citations followed from the County
Furthermore, the rules adopted by the Board of Land and Natural Resources
were
facially
defective,
which
should
have
caused
the
County
Prosecutor
to
step
back
from
implementing
the
plan.
outlaw
actions
that
are
totally
legal.
There
is
no
statutory
basis
for
making
possession
of
a
sleeping
bag,
tent,
camping
stove,
or
propane
burner
a
crime.
There
is
no
requirement
in
the
rule
that
enforcement
action
be
based
on
some
act
in
violation
of
the
rule,
other
than
simple
possession
of
an
otherwise
legal
object.
The
prohibition
on
possession
of
the
identified
items
does
not
require
that
the
items
actually
be
used
for
a
prohibited
purpose;
this
prohibition,
therefore,
operates
20
prosecutions
pursuant
to
that
section
fall
within
one
of
the
exceptions
to
the
Younger
Abstention
Doctrine
prosecution
is
taking
place
in
bad
faith
because
the
Prosecutor
knows
that
no
crime
has
been
committed,
i.e.
the
person
charged
is
innocent.
Dombrowski
v.
Pfister,
380
U.S.
479
(1965).
Also, the Prosecutor was well aware that the motivation for the Protectors
was
their
connection
to
the
Mountain
as
a
sacred
site
and
their
spiritual
obligation
to
prevent
desecration
of
that
site.
In
particular,
the
Protectors
sought
to
enforce
a
state
law
preventing
desecration,
HRS
711-1107,
in
a
situation
where
State
law
enforcement
was
facilitating
the
crime.
The
Protectors
clearly
lacked
the
required
criminal
intent
to
be
prosecuted
and
their
actions
fell
within
the
necessity
defense.
12
13-209-6
Any
person
violating
any
of
the
provisions
of
these
rules
shall
be
penalized
as
provided
in
section
195-8,
Hawaii
Revised
Statutes.
195D-8
Search
and
seizure.
Any
officer
or
agent
authorized
pursuant
to
section
195D-7
shall
have
the
authority
to
conduct
searches
as
provided
by
law
and
to
seize
any
equipment,
business
records,
merchandise,
aquatic
life,
wildlife,
or
land
plant
taken,
possessed,
transported,
sold,
offered
for
sale,
or
used
in
violation
of
any
section
of
this
chapter
or
any
rule
adopted
hereunder,
and
any
of
the
foregoing
so
seized
shall
be
held
by
the
department
pending
disposition
of
court
proceedings,
or
the
department
prior
to
forfeiture,
may
direct
the
transfer
of
aquatic
life,
wildlife,
or
land
plants
so
seized
to
a
qualified
ichthyological,
zoological,
botanical,
educational,
or
scientific
institution
for
safekeeping,
costs
thereof
to
be
paid
by
the
defendant.
Upon
conviction
of
the
person
or
persons
from
whom
the
seizure
was
made,
the
court
shall
declare
the
items
seized
forfeited
to
the
State.
Such
items
shall
be
destroyed
or
disposed
of
in
any
manner
as
the
department
may
deem
appropriate.
[L
1975,
c
65,
pt
of
1;
am
L
1983,
c
111,
9]
(emphasis
added).
21
Finally, the Amended Complaint alleges that State and County officials
rules
was
a
critical
part
of
the
plan.
Had
the
Prosecutor
refused
to
prosecute,
the
new
rules
would
not
have
been
adopted.
Agreeing to prosecute pursuant to the new rules was only one act by the
Earlier the Prosecutor had brought trespass charges against Protectors. The
Subsequently, Defendant Bailey determined that the video evidence did not
show
that
the
individuals
arrested
and
charged
with
Criminal
Trespass
in
the
Second
Degree
were
inside
TMTs
marked
property
line.
County
Mem.,
Declaration
of
Elizabeth
Bailey
at
7.
sought
dismissal
of
the
charges
without
prejudice,
leaving
open
the
possibility
of
re-
filing
the
charges.
That
decision
left
a
potential
prosecution
hanging
over
the
heads
of
those
charged
as
a
means
of
chilling
their
First
Amendment
rights.
The
dismissal
22
without
prejudice
was
in
bad
faith
and
constituted
harassment
of
those
deceived
into
believing
that
they
were
still
facing
prosecution.
Only
in
cases
of
proven
harassment
or
prosecutions
undertaken
by
state
officials
in
bad
faith
without
hope
of
obtaining
a
valid
conviction
and
perhaps
in
other
extraordinary
circumstances
where
irreparable
injury
can
be
shown
is
federal
injunctive
relief
against
pending
state
prosecutions
appropriate.
Perez
v.
Ledesma,
401
U.S.
82,
85
(1971).
Another
Younger
exception
is
when
the
law
being
enforced
is
patently
unconstitutional.
In
this
case,
it
is
a
rule,
not
a
law,
being
enforced.
That
rule
makes
it
illegal
to
possess
objects
that
are
otherwise
legal.
The BLNR is not a legislative body. As an executive branch body, the BLNR
lacks
the
constitutional
authority
to
enact
rules
that
create
new
law,
particularly
rules
that
create
new
crimes.
Overall, the impact of the rules is to infringe on the right to free exercise of
religion;
the
rights
of
free
speech,
assembly,
and
petitioning
for
redress
of
grievances;
and
the
constitutionally
and
statutorily
protected
rights
of
native
Hawaiians.
The
phony
assertion
of
emergency
does
not
provide
the
compelling
government
interest
required
to
infringe
on
these
rights.13
the
Prosecutor
does
not
have
immunity
in
this
case
and
that
the
Younger
Abstention
Doctrine
does
not
apply.
13
The
harms
alleged
will
be
shown
to
be
pretexts
for
enacting
rules
developed
before
many
of
the
supposed
harms
even
occurred.
For
many
of
the
harms
alleged,
there
is
no
evidence
that
the
Protectors
were
responsible.
To
the
contrary,
there
is
evidence
that
the
Office
of
Mauna
Kea
Management
Rangers
requested
assistance
from
the
Protectors
to
address
situations
that
the
Protectors
then
resolved
peacefully.
23
III.
Conclusion
The need for the DLNR rules did not emerge organically from policy
concerns.
The
new
rules
are
artificially
grafted
onto
existing
rules
specifically
to
prevent
the
Protectors
from
effectively
preventing
desecration.
While
masked
as
rules
of
general
applicability,
the
rules
in
fact
are
targeted
on
the
Protectors.
Based on the above and foregoing, the County defendants motion to dismiss
Respectfully submitted,
Dated:
September
25,
2015
24