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A shunt (aka a current shunt resistor or an ammeter shunt) is a high precision resistor
which can be used to measure the current flowing through a circuit. Using Ohm's Law
we know that the voltage dropped across a resistor divided by the resistance of that
resistor is equal to the current, therefore if we measure the voltage across a shunt
resistor in a circuit, we can easily calculate the current.
For example, pictured above is a typical 100 Amp Shunt Resistor. This can be used to
measure currents of up to 100 Amps - although to prevent overheating it should really
A shunt resistor (pictured above) is a high-precision resistor of very low resistance used
by an ammeter to measure the current flowing through an electric circuit. Shunts are
available in a range of sizes from under one Amp to many hundreds and thousands of
Amps, but they can be very expensive.
Fortunately it is possible to make your own shunt resistor from nothing more than a
length of copper wire. While it will only be accurate to within 10%, and its accuracy will
fall with changes in temperature much more so than a real shunt resistor - making your
own shunts is very cheap and easy.
A length of copper wire a good 25% longer than calculated above should be joined in
series with the circuit to be measured as shown in the above schematic. One of the leads
of the voltmeter should then be soldered near to one end of the copper wire. The
remaining voltmeter lead can then be moved along the length of copper wire until the
voltmeter reading is the same as that of the ammeter. The voltmeter lead can then be
soldered into place leaving a calibrated relatively accurate homemade shunt resistor.
Thick wire has lower resistance than thin wire therefore a more accurate shunt can be
made with thick wire, but it will be more expensive. To measure large currents thick wire
must be used as thin wire will overheat.
SHUNT TRIP:
A shunt trip circuit breaker is just a low voltage molded case circuit breaker fitted with an
extra trip solenoid to allow external control logic trip the breaker.
The standard molded case circuit breaker does not have any means for an external control
or protection system to trip the breaker, other than via the operator handle. The shunt trip
solenoid plunger pushes activates the mechanical trip release, just like the internal
thermal and/or magnetic protection units in the breaker cause it to trip.
The shunt trip circuit breaker DOES NOT connect the circuit to earth to somehow clear a
fault.
SHUNT TRIP BREAKER:
It works just like a normal circuit breaker with one additional function. A shunt-trip
breaker also has a built-in magnetic coil that can be energized externally to trip the
breaker.
For instance, fire sprinklers are sometimes required in the top of elevator shafts in case of
a fire in the shaft. If the sprinklers were to spray water on the electric controls in the
elevator cab, people could be hurt or killed, either from electrocution or from the elevator
malfunctioning. In these cases, a shunt-trip breaker is installed in the circuit feeding the
elevator controls, and the fire alarm system sends a trip signal if it detects waterflow from
the sprinkler system. This trips the breaker and removes power from the elevator cab.