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APESHumanPopHealthToxicity

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____

1. How much of the world's population is found in developing countries?


a. 97% b. 52% c. 18% d. 82% e. 44%

____

2. Which of the following is not one of the factors currently affecting birth and fertility rates?
a. number of people 60 or older b. cost of raising and educating children c. urbanization d. educational and
employment opportunities for women e. average age at marriage

____

3. An age structure graph represents the number or percentage of


a. reproductive age females b. reproductive age males and females c. non-reproductive age males and
females d. economic status of reproductive males and females e. males and females among age groups in a
population

____

4. Which of the following is true of demographic transition as countries become industrialized?


a. Death rates drop, followed by birth rates. b. Birth rates drop, followed by death rates. c. Birth and death
rates rise at the same time. d. Birth and death rates fall at the same time. e. Neither birth nor death rates fall.

____

5. India ____ family planning program.


a. had the world's first national b. has the world's most successful c. has the world's only national d. has
the world's largest e. had the world's most effective

____

6. Which of the following is not true about India?


a. One out of four people is poor. b. It has the second-fastest growing economy. c. 80% of rural people have
adequate sanitation. d. Nearly one-half of the people are unemployed or underemployed. e. 40% of the
population suffers from malnutrition.

____

7. The root cause of food insecurity is


a. war b. political upheaval c. poverty d. corruption e. climate change

____

8. The term undernutrition refers to people who consume


a. less than the basic number of daily calories b. unbalanced meals c. the wrong kinds of food d. poor
quality foods e. too much protein

____

9. The term malnutrition refers to people who consume


a. less than the basic number of daily calories b. unbalanced meals c. the wrong kinds of foods d. poor
quality foods e. too much protein

____ 10. Three grain crops provide 47% of all the food calories. Which of the following includes the correct three
grains?
a. rice, wheat, corn b. oats, rice, wheat c. corn, wheat, oats d. corn, rice, maize e. oats, maize, rice
____ 11. Industrialized agriculture requires large inputs of all of the following, except
a. draft animals b. financial capital c. heavy equipment d. water e. fossil fuels
____ 12. People in the United States spend how much of their disposable income on food?
a. 40% b. 30% c. 20% d. 10% e. 2%

____ 13. People in developing countries spend how much of their income on food?
a. 40% b. 30% c. 20% d. 10% e. 2%
____ 14. Transferring genes between different species that would not interbreed in nature results in
a. really ugly plants and animals b. monsters c. crossbred plants and animals d. transgenic organisms
e. artificially selected plants and animals
____ 15. Repeated irrigation in dry climates leads to soil degradation of the upper layers, a process called
a. salinization b. desertification c. soil erosion d. overgrazing e. waterlogging
____ 16. All of the following are disadvantages to raising animals in feedlots, except
a. Antibiotic use can increase antibiotic resistance in microbes. b. Less land use. c. Requires large input of
fish meal and water. d. Needs large amounts of water. e. Produces large amounts of animal wastes.
____ 17. All of the following are alternatives to using pesticides, except
a. rotating crops planted in a field each year b. provide homes for pest enemies c. use sex attractants to lure
pests into traps d. bring in natural enemies e. freeze the pests
____ 18. The five main types of hazards include all of the following, except
a. biological hazards b. physical hazards c. economic hazards d. global hazards e. chemical hazards
____ 19. All of the following are considered to be biological hazards, except
a. protozoa b. parasites c. diet d. bacteria e. fungi
____ 20. A transmissible disease is not likely to be caused by a
a. bacterium b. hazardous chemical c. virus d. parasite e. protozoa
____ 21. A global outbreak of an infectious disease is called a(n)
a. threat b. parademic c. pandemic d. epidemic e. outbreak
____ 22. All of the following are viral diseases, except
a. malaria b. AIDS c. hepatitis B d. influenza e. West Nile
____ 23. The West Nile virus is transmitted to humans by
a. mosquitoes b. houseflies c. birds d. physical contact e. coughing and sneezing
____ 24. Hepatitis B is transmitted by all of the following ways, except
a. participating in unsafe sex b. sharing needles of drug users c. from infected mothers before/during
childbirth d. exposure to infected blood e. pathogenic bacteria and protozoa
____ 25. The Lyme disease bacterium is passed onto humans directly from
a. foxes b. deer c. white mice d. field mice e. ticks
____ 26. Mutagens
a. are fatal to humans in low doses b. cause birth defects c. are harmful because they are flammable,
explosive, irritating to skin or lungs, or cause allergic reactions d. cause mutations e. always cause cancer
____ 27. Teratogens

a. are fatal to humans in low doses b. cause birth defects c. are harmful because they are irritating to skin or
lungs d. cause mutations e. cause allergic reactions
____ 28. Carcinogens cause
a. genetic defects b. birth defects c. cancer d. chronic health effects e. allergic reactions
____ 29. ____ relates to the amount of a potentially toxic substance as it passes through food chains and webs.
a. Toxicity b. Biomagnification c. Persistence d. Response e. Dose
____ 30. The birth rate of a population is expressed as a
a. decimal. b. ratio. c. fraction. d. logarithmic equation. e. percentage.
____ 31. To determine the number of individuals that will be added to a population in a specified time we multiply the
growth rate (r) by the
a. biotic potential. b. original population size. c. environmental resistance. d. final population size.
e. number of immigrants.
____ 32. Developing countries tend to have a(n) ____ age structure diagram.
a. rectangular-shaped b. inverted triangle c. pyramid-shaped d. square e. round
____ 33. Population growth rates are high in developing countries because
a. infant mortality rates are low. b. women tend to have children late in life. c. family planning is common.
d. children are often an important economic advantage. e. All of the above.
____ 34. The population of the United States continues to grow as a result of
a. immigration. b. babies born to baby boom generation parents. c. the birth rate being above replacement
level fertility during the 1940s through 1960s. d. population momentum. e. All of the above.
____ 35. Using the rule of 70, a population growing at 10% would double in
a. 7 years b. 10 years c. 15 years d. 17 years e. Not enough information to tell
____ 36. A countrys impact on the environment is influenced by
I. Population
II. Technology
III. Affluence
a. I b. II c. I and III d. II and III e. I, II, and III
____ 37. Population size can be estimated using the formula
a. CBR + Immigration + CDR + Emigration b. CBR + Immigration CDR Emigration c. CBR +
Immigration + CDR Emigration d. CBR Immigration CDR Emigration e. CBR Immigration +
CDR Emigration
____ 38. Two populations of the same size have the same fertility and infant mortality rates. In population A females
begin having children at about age 16. In population B they begin at about age 20. If we ignore immigration
and emigration, which of the following should hold true?
a. Population A should grow more quickly due to four more years of possible child bearing. b. Population
B should grow more quickly because older mothers usually have healthier children. c. Populations A and
B should grow at about the same rate. d. Population A should grow more quickly because younger
mothers usually have healthier children. e. There is not enough information to tell.

Figure 7-1

____ 39. Use Figure 7-1. Which population is larger?


a. Population A b. Population B c. Currently, the populations are roughly the same size, but population B
will soon be larger. d. Currently, the populations are roughly the same size, but population A will soon be
larger. e. There is not enough information to tell.
____ 40. Use Figure 7-1. Population A is most likely
a. rapidly growing. b. growing, but very slowly. c. stable. d. going to decline in a few decades. e. There is
not enough information to tell.
____ 41. Use Figure 7-1. Population B is most likely
a. rapidly growing. b. rapidly declining. c. stable or close to stable. d. going to decline in a few decades.
e. There is not enough information to tell.
____ 42. Use Figure 7-1. Approximately how many females in population B are between the ages of 50 and 59?
a. 500,000 b. 5,000,000 c. 20,000,000 d. 30,000,000 e. 50,000,000
____ 43. Use Figure 7-1. Population B would most likely be in which stage of demographic transition?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
____ 44. Use Figure 7-1. Population A
I. Is likely to have a higher level of education than population B
II. Is likely to have had a recent decline in infant mortality
III. Is likely to be poorer than population B
a. I b. III c. I and II d. II and III e. I, II, and III
____ 45. Humans started moving from hunter-gatherer societies to more agricultural societies approximately ____
years ago
a. 1,000 b. 10,000 c. 100,000 d. 1,000,000 e. 10,000,000

____ 46. Mechanization of agriculture is advantageous for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a. Machines encourage the growth of several types of plants in a single farm b. There is an economic
advantage if fuel prices are low c. There is an economic advantage if cost of labor is high d. Staple crops
such as beans and corn are more economically harvestable e. Mechanization allows farms to take advantage
of economies of scale
____ 47. Synthetic fertilizers have many advantages over traditional organic animal waste fertilizers. These include
all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Ease of application b. Highly adjustable nutrient content c. Bioavailability of nutrients d. Lack of
nutrient runoff problems e. Highly concentrated when produced
____ 48. Monocropping has a number of disadvantages. These include all of the following EXCEPT
a. Erosion due to exposure of large areas of soil during planting b. Nutrition and pesticide needs should be
similar throughout a single crop c. Pests are more likely to attack a monocrop due to the high concentration
d. Loss of habitat for natural pest predators e. Reduction of productivity due to loss of nutrient-rich topsoil
____ 49. Which areas of the world are most susceptible to desertification?
a. Existing deserts b. Humid equatorial regions c. Temporal Chaparral d. Areas adjacent to the poles
e. Areas adjacent to existing deserts
____ 50. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is likely to use all of the following techniques EXCEPT
a. Crop rotation b. Intercropping c. Planting herbicide resistant crops d. Habitat creation for pest predators
e. Increased use of traditional pesticides
____ 51. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is especially successful in developing countries because
a. The availability of high quality pesticides in developing countries is spotty at best b. High-input industrial
farming is not feasible because farmers lack financial resources c. IPM resembles traditional farming
techniques so closely d. Developed nations often offer subsidies to farmers using IPM techniques e. IPM
has never been successful in developing countries
____ 52. Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) make meat more economical, but may have some
negative environmental impacts. These include all of the following EXCEPT
a. High concentrations of animal waste b. Increase in nutrients in stormwater runoff c. Increase in
sediments in stormwater runoff d. Increased use of land area over other types of animal farming e. Increase
in strains of antibiotic resistant microorganisms
____ 53. Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of free range meat stock (such as chickens)
a. Decreased use of antibiotics due to lower animal concentrations b. Decrease fossil fuel input c. Decrease
in land use when compared to traditional methods d. Less supplemental feeding of the stock e. Waste is
more easily handled by detritivores
____ 54. Marine fisheries are particularly susceptible to the tragedy of the commons because
a. Fish are r-Selectors that experience boom and bust cycles b. Fish are highly migratory, so they dont
belong to any one nation c. Pollution is highest in areas with high fish populations d. International waters
are governed by antiquated nautical law e. Fishery collapse is viewed by many countries as a sign that they
are managing populations properly
____ 55. Worldwide, the largest component of the human diet is

a. Grain products b. Meat products c. Dairy products d. Raw and processed sugars e. Fruits and
vegetables
Figure 11-2

____ 56. Use Figure 11-2. By about how much did aquaculture increase from 1980 to 2000?
a. 10 million metric tons b. 15 million metric tons c. 30 million metric tons d. 50 million metric tons
e. 80 million metric tons
____ 57. A historical pandemic disease caused by a bacterium and carried by rodents is
a. Cholera b. Tuberculosis c. Plague d. Swine Flu e. Hepatitis
____ 58. All of the following are correct about emergent infectious diseases EXCEPT:
a. the rapid movement of people can cause unexpected pandemics b. the diseases are all caused by mutations
of known viruses c. many of the diseases come from pathogens that jump from animal hosts to humans
d. the diseases can mutate rapidly to infect humans e. since the 1970s, an average of one new emergent
disease has appeared each year
Table 17-1
Percentage of deaths attributable to each of six risk factors, and to all six risks combined, for child and
maternal malnutrition: countries grouped by income, 2004
Risk
Childhood underweight
Suboptimal breastfeeding
Vitamin A deficiency
Zinc deficiency
Iron deficiency
Iodine deficiency

3.8
2.1
1.1
0.7
0.5
0.0

World
Low Income
Percentage of Deaths
7.8
3.7
2.2
1.5
0.8
0.0

Middle Income
0.7
1.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.0

All six risks

6.6

12.7

2.1

____ 59. Use Table 17-1. What percentage of child deaths in low-income countries is attributable to vitamin A
deficiency OR zinc deficiency?
a. 12.7% b. 7.8% c. 3.7% d. 1.8% e. 1.5%
____ 60. Use Table 17-1. Which risk connected to malnutrition causes the most deaths in middle-income countries?
a. childhood underweight b. suboptimal breastfeeding c. vitamin A deficiency d. zinc deficiency e. iron
deficiency

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