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Just when things are going smoothly, and we begin to feel a little too comfortable and too
confident with CD-ROM technology, someone or something puts us in our place -- and
thankfully so. It's these challenges that facilitate our progress toward broadening the horizons
of CD-ROM technologies.
This article is intended to inform publishers and manufacturers of the problems that can be
encountered in using UNIX tar-formatted files as a medium of data submission for CD-ROM
production and some of the issues confronting the next generation of CD-ROM publishers.
Databases developed on non-DOS-based3 systems which have performance requirements that
exceed MS-DOS capabilities are becoming more commonplace. Ironically, the existing CD-ROM
production infrastructure has been created and supported primarily by DOS-based systems.
Although we are making progress in publishing data on other platforms, a large majority of
the CD-ROMs published today are still designed on DOS machines for use on DOS machines.
The current tendency to link CD-ROM with DOS is making difficult the implementation of CDROM technology on non-DOS systems and, therefore, slowing its widespread acceptance.
3DOS is a trademark of the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) and MS-DOS is
a trademark of the Microsoft Corporation.
The ensuing paragraphs illustrate the need for the CD-ROM industry become more in tune with
the trends which are shaping information technologies. CD-ROM, which is one such
information technology, is beginning to recruit a new breed of both users and publishers,
which are hoping that CD-ROM will adapt to them, as opposed to them having to adapt to it.
The Automated Speech Recognition Group of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology
(NIST)
is
one
such
CD-ROM
publisher.
The NIST Automated Speech Recognition Group
Sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Information Science
and Technology Office (DARPA-ISTO), the group designs and implements methods of
performance evaluation for spoken language systems. These systems consist of natural
language understanding as well as speech recognition components. Additionally, it distributes
databases, or corpora, of speech recordings as standard reference material for the
development
and
evaluation
of
these
systems.
Traditionally, these speech corpora have been recorded and stored in a digital form rather than
in an analog audio format. This allows the data to be easily loaded, stored, and manipulated in
computers and prevents signal degradation in copies. The speech is digitized at a sampling
rate of between 10 and 20 kHz., as opposed to the 44.1 kHz. sampling rate used in CD-audio.
Digitizing speech at these sampling frequencies keeps intact the properties of the speech
signal that are important for automatic speech recognition while minimizing storage
requirements. These corpora typically consist of thousands of spoken phrases or sentences
which
are
stored
in
separate
files
for
ease
of
computer
manipulation.
In the mid 1980's, the NIST began an archival/lending library for public domain speech
corpora. The corpora were originally maintained and distributed on half-inch reel-to-reel digital
magnetic computer tapes. Initially, these corpora were small, but as recognition systems
became more sophisticated, their appetite for "training" data grew tremendously. By the end
of the decade these corpora were each occupying 50 or more 6250 bpi. half-inch magnetic
tapes and even larger databases were on the horizon. Managing these colossal databases of
speech had become a real problem. Simply storing, copying, and distributing the corpora had
become unwieldy. Furthermore, maintaining the integrity of the corpora was even more
difficult as tapes were frequently damaged in shipment or by rogue tape drives.
NIST and CD-ROM
By early 1988, the NIST Automated Speech Recognition Group had begun investigating optical
disk storage technologies as a means of replacing its tape archives. Initially, Write-Once ReadMany (WORM) technology was considered for use as a universal distribution medium but was
found to lack adequate standardization. Fortunately, in the Spring of 1988, the ISO-9660 file
format standard for CD-ROM was adopted and CD-ROM was chosen by NIST as a new
"experimental"
medium
for
distributing
speech
corpora.
NIST decided that the first corpus to be produced on CD-ROM would be the DARPA "TIMIT"
Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Corpus. Under DARPA sponsorship, TIMIT was jointly
designed, recorded, transcribed, and archived by Texas Instruments (TI) , the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT), SRI International, and the National Bureau of Standards (now
NIST). The TIMIT corpus was designed to provide speech data for the acquisition of
acousticphonetic knowledge and for the development and evaluation of automatic speech
recognition systems. The corpus contains recordings of 630 speakers from 8 major dialect
divisions of American English each speaking 10 phonetically-rich sentences. In addition to
standard orthographic (text) transcriptions, TIMIT contains unique time-aligned phonetic
transcriptions.
NIST felt that TIMIT's unique structure would be of great interest to speech researchers and,
therefore, would probably be ideal for widespread publication on CD-ROM. NIST decided to
publish two-thirds of the corpus on a "prototype" CD-ROM. Because of the ISO-9660
restrictions on filename length and format, the chosen two-thirds of the corpus to be placed
on CD-ROM was restructured from a flat directory structure with lengthy unique UNIX
filenames into a dense 5-level directory hierarchy, which reflected the design of the corpus and
conformed to ISO-9660. The resulting directory structure contained 4200 bottom-level
subdirectories -- one for each sentence-utterance, and 3 files per utterance for a total of
12,600 data files! This new organization required the use of the entire path and filename to
uniquely
identify
a
file
but
was
"visually
navigable."
To date, more than 200 "TIMIT Prototype" discs have been distributed to universities and
speech research laboratories worldwide. The discs were well received by the speech research
community and have been read on PC's, Macintoshes4, various UNIX systems, NeXT5
machines and MicroVAXes6. The "experiment" had proved to be successful.
As of this writing, NIST has produced four releases of speech corpora on eight discs. Recently,
NIST completed production of its most ambitious speech disc so far. The new disc is a
complete revision of the TIMIT Prototype disc and contains the speech for the complete 630speaker corpus as well as all-new time aligned word-boundary transcriptions. The new TIMIT
CD-ROM contains 25,200 data files (4 files per utterance) as well as more extensive
documentation and software utilities.
After the production of the TIMIT prototype disc, NIST recognized the need to distribute
speech 4Macintosh is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. 5NeXT is a trademark of NeXT, Inc.
corpora in a consistent format. Unfortunately, no standard file format existed for storing and
exchanging speech signals. Compounding this problem, almost every speech research
laboratory around the world used different hardware and software configurations for speech
signal processing and analysis.
A UNIX-Based CD-ROM Preparation Workstation
In order to implement a full scale CD-ROM production effort, the Automated Speech
Recognition Group built a UNIX-based CD-ROM publishing workstation, which also doubles as a
general-purpose speech research system. CD-ROM images are prepared on a Sun
Microsystems server system with 32 megabytes of main memory, 3 gigabytes of high-speed
magnetic disc storage, a 9- track tape drive, an 8mm tape drive, and of course a CD-ROM
drive. The workstation contains two 1.2 gigabyte magnetic disc drives on which entire CDROM
images
can
be
assembled
and
simulated.
Each CD-ROM is now organized entirely in the UNIX environment. Many of the standard UNIX
utilities and capabilities have proven ideal tools for CD-ROM preparation. Tar files are now
submitted for CD-ROM replication on one 8mm tape, instead of 5 or 6 half-inch reel-to-reel
tapes.
UNIX-based CD-ROM premastering software is planned to be added in the near future to help
alleviate some of the complications NIST has experienced in submitting data for replication. By
performing ISO-9660 formatting in house, an ISO-9660 image can be submitted to the
replication facility. The ISO-9660 image can then be directly loaded into a mastering system
thus circumventing the problems which can occur downloading tar-formatted files.
NIST has developed strategies to maximize the portability of its CD-ROMs by organizing
speech data into a consistent format and providing utilities which can be linked into each
laboratory's unique hardware and software systems. To accomplish this, a flexible, objectoriented header structure was developed for the exchange of speech files, especially on CDROM. The header is an ASCII-based structure prepended to each speech file and allows an
utterance to be uniquely identified (even if the file is copied from CD-ROM and inadvertently
renamed) and describes basic attributes of the speech signal to aid in digital to analog
operations. A set of software utilities have been written, "Speech Header Resources"
(SPHERE), to provide a low-level interface for importing and manipulating these files. NIST
now
publishes
all
speech
data
in
this
more
consistent
format.
A Data Submission Problem
All of the key components for efficient CD-ROM production were in place at NIST, except for a
vehicle for data submission. When NIST initially delved into the world of CD-ROM production,
it was dismayed to learn that most CD-ROM replication facilities accepted only standard ANSI
labeled or ISO-9660 imaged tapes as transfer media. The small Automated Speech
Recognition Group could not justify the expense of purchasing a special-purpose premastering
workstation dedicated to creating ISO-9660 tapes. Neither could NIST provide standard ANSIlabeled tapes because the simple structure of ANSI-formatted files would not preserve the
extensive directory structure required by the many files typically contained in speech corpora.
The UNIX tar Answer?
The tar-formatted tape is the standard medium of data exchange in the UNIX world and NIST
had been successfully distributing speech corpora on "tar tapes" for several years. The UNIX
tar (Tape Archive) utility was designed to create a portable archive format for UNIX files. The
tar program generates a single file (usually on magnetic tape) which contains all of the
information necessary for reconstituting directories, files, and UNIX-specific file parameters.
What distinguishes the tar utility from most other archive programs is that the archive format
it creates is portable across machines and operating systems. The key to the tar format's
portability is in its simplicity. Tar does not employ any elaborate compression algorithms when
generating an archive. It simply creates a byte-for-byte copy of each file to be archived with a
prepended header block. The header block contains the path and name of the file (or
directory), the file size, the time of last modification, and UNIX ownership and permission
flags. Because the information in the each header block as well as the file itself is byteencoded, the tar file can be read by any system which can recognize a stream of bytes. Of
course, binary executable files are system-specific and cannot usually be implemented on
differing systems. But text, source code, and binary data files can be easily exchanged.
To date, the tar program has been ported to many operating systems, including MS-DOS and
VMS8 as well as the many variants of UNIX. Because the tar format is portable and preserves
directory hierarchy, and because a tar file can be written to a standard ANSI-labeled tape or
any other storage medium, NIST concluded that tar formatted ANSI tapes would be the ideal
vehicle for providing a CD-ROM-ready file image to a replication plant. Unfortunately, NIST has
found that most replication plants either refuse to accept tar-formatted files or they charge
considerable "data conversion" fees to download the files into their premastering systems. To
say the least, the acceptance of tar as an input medium for CD-ROM production has been less
than universal by the CD-ROM replication industry. The replication facilities that have ventured
into the "tar pit" with NIST have frequently encountered technical delays and cost overruns. In
theory,
the
tar-tape
to
CD-ROM
process
should
be
simple.
But in reality, it has rarely been straightforward to implement. Pitfalls in Extracting a CD-ROM
Image from a UNIX tar File The challenges encountered in producing a CD-ROM from a 630megabyte tar tape, which contains over 25,000 files, can at first seem insurmountable.
Several problems have occurred during production, some of which are still not completely
resolved. Downloading and extracting a CD-ROM image from a tar file can be excruciatingly
slow, taking 15 or more machine hours of time for a single disc image. If a tar file is packed
with thousands of files, unforeseen complications can arise in the extraction process, and
diagnosing and troubleshooting all of the subsystems involved can become painful for even the
most experienced of engineers and technicians.
Extracting the file structure from a tar file for a CD-ROM such as the new TIMIT disc requires a
great deal of time and attention because of the extraordinary number of directories and files.
The subsystems involved in the tar extraction process require seamless integration. These
include the PC hardware platform and MS-DOS operating system, the premastering system,
the device drivers, controller cards, tape back-up systems, and the tar utility. Limitations
inherent in the MS-DOS operating system, device drivers, and file structures can result in
breakdowns in any one of these subsystems resulting in the loss of hours of man and machine
time in the production process.
Eight-mm tape subsystems can be especially vulnerable when extracting exceedingly large
numbers of files. This is because 8mm tape drives are mechanically suited for streaming
operations. They are not as accommodating as 9-track tape drives in the quick stopping and
starting movements, which become necessary when extracting many thousands of small files.
Additional loss of efficiency occurs when 8mm drives must interface with a system, which has
become bogged-down with overloaded magnetic disk sub-systems. The only way to optimize
their operation is to load and buffer large blocks of raw data before it is tar-extracted. Subtle
problems may also arise when the controller cards of some 8mm tape systems are not entirely
compatible with the publishing system being used. These and other unforeseen problems can
cause a tape drive to abort operations well before completion of the extraction process. Worse
yet, because the tar format does not guarantee that directories and files are stored in any
particular order, an entire tar file must be scanned to extract any subset of files contained in
it. If the tar-extraction process aborts before the end of the tar file is reached, the entire
process must be restarted from the beginning to insure that all files are loaded. These
constraints require that special efforts be taken to prepare backup tapes and even second
backup tapes during production. This is one area of risk where the insurance is well worth the
effort, and is within one's control. Many of the other pitfalls are not as easy to anticipate or
avoid.
One of the more frustrating problems encountered while downloading the TIMIT tar file was
that of the overhead created while extracting the 18,900 small transcription files. To illustrate
this point, during the downloading of the 632-megabyte tar file, containing the 25,241 TIMIT
files, the process aborted on 650-, 850-, and 1200-megabyte partitions due to insufficient disc
space!
On UNIX systems, the size of file blocks (similar to the ISO-9660 and DOS sector structures)
can be modified. Although the ISO-9660 standard supports different sector sizes, the
individual operating systems used in the premastering process may present problems. For
example, MS-DOS 3.31 does not allow any modifications to sector size. Fortunately, MS-DOS
4.0 is more forgiving.
The TIMIT tar file contained 18,900 transcription files of under 2Kb each. A premastering
system running DOS 3.31 with a 16Kb sector size would require over 300 megabytes of disk
storage for these files, which actually amount to less than 32 megabytes of data. This results
in disk overhead of 1 order of magnitude! However, by switching to DOS 4.0, the sector size
can be reduced to as little as 512 bytes. This significantly reduces the overhead being used by
the DOS partition. It is therefore important to adjust the sector size to accommodate the size
of the database files to be downloaded. To maximize disk usage, the sector size should be set
high when premastering a database with a few large textual files. But when a database (such
as TIMIT) contains many small files, the sector size should be greatly reduced. Likewise, it is
also important to allow for this kind of overhead on the CD-ROM itself. Although CD-ROMs are
generally created with a 2Kb sector size, the sector size can be reduced on the ISO-9660
image in the premastering phase to as little as 512 bytes. By decreasing the sector size on the
TIMIT ISO-9660 image to 512 bytes, potential disc overhead was reduced by about 32
megabytes.
Finally, a hidden source of potential problems lies within the implementation of the utility used
to extract the tar file. There are currently a number of tar utilities that have been written and
are in use today. Many of these utilities are suboptimal in speed and efficiency. The time
required for downloading a tar file can become critical when extracting large numbers of files.
Therefore,
using
the
right
tar
implementation
is
a
must.
The Real "Tar Pit" -- Universal Operability
The real problem facing the CD-ROM industry concerning the production of non-DOS-based
discs lies not in which utilities or platforms to use, but within the deeper abyss of universal
operability. Universal operability encompasses the common methodology of transferring,
publishing, and retrieving many different types of data across different platforms, while using
different hardware and software systems. Attempting to extract a tar file into a DOS-based
premastering system is a perfect example of why universal operability is the next technical
challenge for the CD-ROM industry at large. If this issue is continued to be ignored, entire
market segments will be left paralyzed because of the inability to publish information from
beginning to end without experiencing compatibility problems. This bleak scenario could result
in the CD-ROM industry losing the acceptance and respect it has worked hard to gain.
The Challenge Ahead
This article has illustrated some of the potential problems, which can result when using the
UNIX tar format as a data submission medium for CD-ROM replication. More importantly, it
has shown that a much greater variety of CD-ROM applications could blossom if the CD-ROM
industry embraces a diversification of CD-ROM platforms. The ISO-9660 standard has
provided a good basis for the exchange of CD-ROMs across different hardware and software
platforms. It is now time for the CD-ROM industry to address and overcome the many
obstacles faced by the challenge of universal operability. The increasing need for a standard
media- and platform-independent format for data submission is just one such obstacle. In the
short term, manufacturers of CD-ROM premastering workstations should publish specifications
indicating the limitations of their systems. This would allow publishers and replicators of
"atypical" CD-ROMs to avoid many of unforeseen pitfalls they must now face. In the long term,
these
premastering
systems
must
be
made
more
robust.
The next generation of CD-ROM publishers and users will help CD-ROM technology reach new
heights, but they will become far less forgiving as CD-ROM becomes more commonplace. For
NIST, the UNIX road to CD-ROM has certainly been "the road less traveled." Currently, the
development, production, and use of CD-ROM technology in UNIX and other environments is
still in its infancy. However, by increasing support for development and production in these
environments, CD-ROMs may someday be produced and used on a variety of platforms as
easily as they are on MS-DOS-based systems today. It is only in this way that the CD-ROM will
become the truly universal medium of data exchange that it was intended to be.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the following people which have helped them in their quest for
solutions to the problems this article has outlined: Joe Bradley and Clayton Summers at Philips
and Dupont 10Helgerson, L. W., "Universal Operability: The Technical Solution", Disc
Magazine, pp. 36-39, October 1990. Optical Co., Dennis Clark, formerly of Meridian Data, Inc.,
Leon Whidbee and Gisele Venczel at Disc Manufacturing, Inc., Lance Buder and Sylvester Pefek
at Optical Media International, and Tom Brown at Reflective Software.
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In an effort to make our goals as projected, we had a constant fight to avoid putting blinders
on to the things that were happening in our industry. Such as the time
required to prospect a client, demand cycles within the industry, and the
stability of pricing.
The net result is that with the plant now operational, we will be able to apply a
greater amount of attention to these areas in 1990. This will
result in highly efficient operational tools, and give us a more
accurate picture of our industry.
B. Accomplisments..WHAT WENT WELL....
1> Facility
.. The facility was completed as invisioned and truely captures the spirit that was intended.
The net result being the facility has greatly aided us in capturing
key clients and resulted in the image being created we had
desired.
2> Qualified with majors
.. CBS, GRP, CAPITOL, AND RCA, are all considered major forces in the industry. It is very
unsual for an independent production facility to qualify with major labels
within their first six months of operations. The net result being
industry prestige, higher volume, and longer runs per title.
3> Image
.. To be succesful in todays global market a company needs more than good prices and
quality. There must be something that sets you apart from the rest,
IMAGE. In our plan we identified that need and targeted a well defined
image that had to be developed. An image of High Quality Products,
Special Services, Attention To Detail, Excellent Customer Service,
Innovative Approaches To Problems, and The Ablility To Get The Job
Done. We have that IMAGE, and the net result is a suberb
reputation, which is now leading to good working relationships
with high end clients.
4> Ahead of schedule in CD-ROM
.. The CD-ROM industry is coming on strong and is about one year ahead of our projections.
The net result is Helix has established itself as a force in the
developing CD-ROM industry.
5> Pioneered sucessful new production technology
.. The industry has carefully watched and evaluated our innovative production technology.
The net result is many of our competitors are now installing
components that have been developed and tested at our facility,
further enhancing our image of being an industry leader.
c> Packaging
B. Served Market Changes
1> Market will get larger
2> Increased demand brings increased competition
3> Growth
a> Audio - medium
b> CD-ROM - high
4> Diversity will follow the growth rate
5> Less concentrated as industries grow
C. Key Competitors
1> US-Canadian trade pact adds two competitors
2> Shutdown of Shape Optimedia
3> Acquisition of Shape by Eurodisc
D. Nature of Competition
1> Key sucess factors
a> Audio
i> Price
ii> Volume
iii> Turnaround
iv> Services
b> CD-ROM
i> Relationships
ii> Technical expertise
iii> Required equipment
iv> Turnaround
a> Audio
i> Increased capacity
b> CD-ROM
i> Replicators acquiring software
We can expect replicators to actively seek relationships with software vendors to provide the
increasing demand from their customers. We should try
to turn this change to our advantage by marketing to the
replicators.
ii> Software vendors lowering prices
Software vendors will lower their prices in reaction to increased competition in the industry.
We must keep our competitive anaylsis up to date and
sell more than just price.
iii> Relationships developing
Companies are scrambling now to develop relationships.
pace.
A. A company we as customers would feel good about dealing with and as employees be
proud to be associated with.
B. Grow with Audio
C. Develop high end niche services
D. Leadership role in CD-ROM
E. Public executions
VIII. Key Investment Strategies
A. Mastering
B. Continued expansion
PROJECT
DESCRIPTION
STATUS
FOLLOW UP
Commitment to DATAWARE
Keep in Touch
Verbal Approval 03/08/90/S.
Robertson June or July Start Contacted 06/01/90 Left
Date
Message
Mark Wiley?
Indiana Bell
Ref Bruce Kline
Congressional Info
Systems
CONTACT
CD-DIAGNOSTICS
Bell Atlantic
Sample Date by
Ken Clark
PAPER GLUT
3/20/1990
Microsoft, Inc
NOTES2
NOTES1
CONTACT
CONTACT
Invoice Story
$1,000
Called 05/31/90
CD-ROM $450
Left Message Data?
Will verify Data &
Qty
5/3/1990
PROJECT
Tandy Electronics, Inc
DESCRIPTION
Develop 2000 Images
Technical Document
Mike Grubbs
STATUS
Submit Data ?
M. Grubbs "get data
FOLLOW UP
Contact D. Williams
NOTES1
CDD Rev 1.4 to
Phil
05/02,03,05/90 No Ans.
Debord 05/31/90
from D. Williams"
Dave Williams
Meeting 03/15/90
4/29/1990
Phil Debord/Cdd
Exxon Research And
Production
Company
Dave Benfer
CDD rev1-4
5/8/1990
Multimedia Application
Technical Application
D. Benfer "having
trouble w/security
clearance for data"
5/2/1990
Meeting 03/15/90
Compaq, Inc
Ken Shufflebeam
Ipsoa
Veda, Inc.
Dave Tuemler
CD-DIAGNOSTICS
License Agreement
3,000-6,000 users
CD-DIAGNOSTICS
License 8,000 Users
Send CDD Rev 1.2
32939
Air Force Tech Docs
Called 03/26/90
Call back 04/26/90
Cbis, Inc
Network Solutions
Library Of Congress
Jim Young
Drew Lewis
Refferal Relationship
Meeting 04/12/90
Demo Retrieval
System to Comittee
3/14/1990
Commodore Business
Machines, Inc
Mike Kawahara
Gail Wittenberg
Replicate on 01/15/90
Sample Data ??
D. Benfer "will deliver
soon" 04/09/90
Revised CDD 1.2
With Tech Docs
3/7/1990
letter 03/29/90
KEEP IN TOUCH
Wayne Called on
04/25/90 -- Data ???
Called on 04/04/90
for Replication Bid
Meeting
3/14/1990
Developer Application
In 05/22/90
Developer Package
Out 05/31/90
Called M. Grubbs
Left Mssg
05/31/90
Storyboard Demo
PBS
to D. Benfer
06/01/90
NOTES2
PROJECT
Amp, Inc
Ed Beauregard
U. S. Postal Service
Paul Jackson
Arthur Anderson
At&T / Data Dev.
Steve Swan
DESCRIPTION
Replicate on 03/09/90
$3,000
Reorder 100 03/22/90
$200
STATUS
FOLLOW UP
PO #30246784 @100
Run 05/04/90 - 05/11/90
$3000 / $7250
PO # N/A @2500
Run 06/11/90 - 06/15/90
Telephone Tag
CONTACT
Replicate 2 IBM Discs
Tapes 03/27/90
200,000 Images
965,000 PAGES OF
CA Legal Statutes
Specs on 03/31/90
National Institute Of
Standards
And Technology
John Garfolio
American Bankers
Association
Lucy Griffen
Pa Blue Shield
Jim Cartmell
Frank Ryan
American Bond Buyers
Slavek Rotkiewicz
HEARST Publications
$20,000 Replication
Order As Needed
Complience Manuals
& Regulations
Meeting At Helix
5/29/1990
Meet At ABA
06/15/90 @11:00
GOOD Meeting
Schedule at ABA
Present Storyboard
on 04/30/90
Present Cost on
5/4/1990
$4,700 Accepted
Meet 05/26/90
GOOD mtg. \Pentagon
Sample Scan
$1,000 Proto/Story ??
Bid Due Out 06/05/90
Product KIOSK Systems For
Logistics 05/08/90
Draft Story 05/30/90
'DISASTER"
Dave jeff/06/04/90
NOTES1
NOTES2
PROJECT
DESCRIPTION
STATUS
Systems Retail Merchants
FOLLOW UP
NOTES1
NOTES2
for
license
B>
I have been responsible for all and any CD-ROM projects that American Helix
has participated in, excluding Lasertex business.
C>I am the only American Helix professional with any working or technical knowledge
of CD-ROM. (Just ask for a demonstration of a CD-ROM by anyone else, with
no advance preparation)
D>I have always elected to include American Helix, in my credits when being
published or cited for my CD-ROM efforts.
E>I
F>I have contributed in giving American Helix a well respected reputation in the CDROM industry, due to my efforts in administering and prescribing the required
technical specifications, of which American Helix quality assurance personnel
were not familiar with, and had no working knowledge thereof. This respect
can be exemplified by the designation of a regular columnist by Helgerson
Associates, the leading publisher for the CD-ROM industry, and by the
continued awarding of the National Institute of Technology and Standards
(NIST) contracts, which require such expertise for production that only myself
and Phillips DuPont had ever elected to compete for.
G>I have include American Helix in my credits for the article "Escaping the Unix Tar
Pit: Producing CD-ROM in the Unix Environment", which will be the featured
article of Disc Magazine, the leading technical magazine for the CD-ROM
industry, which was also approved for government publication by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
H>I have sole and exclusively built a steady flow of revenues for CD-ROM replication,
and have increased revenues substantially.
I>
I have produced a 197 page proposal for the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA),
of the Department of Defense contract DMA700-90-0011 $2.6 million CD-ROM
project.
Furthermore, I have negotiated in a competitive and fierce
procurement, finally yielding to SONY, however successfully bidding the
project within 5% of the award winning pricing schedule submitted by SONY.
J>I have developed a long term business relationship with technical respect from
AMP, Inc., for the production of transporting their parts catalogue to CD-ROM
which is a steady customer, and still in its beta testing stage. Full production
is expected in the forthcoming months.
K>I have developed a market demand for CD-Diagnostics, a software program for the
installation and maintenance of CD-ROM drives, owned by myself and Tom
Brown, a software engineer. This program has technical reviews from several
CD-ROM publications as one of only two such programs in existence, the other
developed by SONY. Although this is only a $69.95 item, it continues to
produce a steady stream of solicitations from all parts of the world as
frequently as 5 to 10 per week, which are also prospects for other related
technology products and services.
L>Dr. Barry Glick, of Donnelly Geosystems had called me personally in the later part
of December, after seeing an advertisement that I had placed in CD-ROM
Enduser, for the purpose of meeting to discuss my efforts and activities in
"digital" technologies.
It is from several meetings that the issues of an acquisition or merger of American
Helix by Donnelly for the purpose of focusing the plant on CD-ROM
technologies came to fruition. It was my opinion and suggestion to Dr. Barry
Glick that such an opportunity may fit into the strategic plans of Donnelly, and
January 9, 1991
James Tritch
High Industries
Greenfield Corporate Center
1833 William Penn Way
Lancaster, PA 17601
Dear Mr. Tritch:
We represent a (type of company) that is interested in pursuing the CD
technologies business. We understand that High Industries owns and operates
such a company, specifically American Helix.
Stan Caterbone has been advising us in these technologies and has indicated
that there may be opportunities for investment or purchase in your American
Helix company and the CD-ROM technologies.
This letter is a simple letter of interest in efforts to move toward discussions
pertaining to the above.
If you have any interests in continuing these discussions, we would like the
opportunity to meet and visit your facility.
You may respond by calling or writing:
(name)
(address)
(phone), (fax)
Respectfully,
(name)
cc: David D. Dering, President American Helix
Allon Lefever, High Industries
S. Dale High, President, High Industries
Stan J. Caterbone, Director, Advanced Media Group, Ltd.,
Stan J. Caterbone
Director, Advanced Media Group, Ltd.,
FED EX/photos
Stan J. Caterbone
Director, Advanced Media Group, Ltd.,
ENCLOSURE
Regards,
Stan J. Caterbone
Director, Advanced Media Group, Ltd.,
ENCLOSURE
Regards,
Stan J. Caterbone
Director, Advanced Media Group, Ltd.,
ENCLOSURE
Regards,
Stan J. Caterbone
Director, Advanced Media Group, Ltd.,
ENCLOSURE
Stan J. Caterbone
Director, Advanced Media Group, Ltd.,
ENCLOSURE
supporting the
4. To develop a library of utilities that can evolve into an authoring system for
the CD-ROM industry.
AMG:
1. To market and contract CD-ROM development projects that will utilize the
services of ESSCOMP for the production and retrieval of the information
as specified for the projects.
2. To develop market and industry recognition for the technologies and
products that are developed by ESSCOMP.
3. To create new markets for the technologies and products produced by
ESSCOMP.
4. To provide additional credibility for ESSCOMP through the use of the
AMERICAN HELIX technologies, facility, corporate identity, and the
association with High Industries, Inc..
SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
AMG & ESSCOMP
1. To position ourselves as a technological leader in the information
technology industry through the
following: superior products and
services; dedication and commitment in the delivery of products and
services; highest regards for quality assurance, and customer service;
a realization that performance is the only measure for success.
2. To develop new technologies, products and services for the information technology
industry.
3. To make a contribution toward the betterment of our society through our products and
services, with specific regards for educational institutions.
EXCLUSIVITY ISSUES
SUMMARY: It was established that ESSCOMP & AMG will require exclusivity agreements in
order to avoid and potential conflict of interests in conducting business.
ROYALTY & PROJECT INCOME
SUMMARY: It was established that the primary revenue sources for ESSCOMP would be
royalty income (per disc/retrieval) and from the production services provided for CD-ROM
projects.
DEMO & PERFORMANCE ISSUES
PERFORMANCE ISSUES: It was established that AMG will be at risk when securing
contracts for the production of CD-ROM projects due to the unproven and untested
technologies of ESSCOMP when applying those technologies to CD-ROM. It is also apparent
that because of the lack of experience in performing those production processes, AMG will
experience a considerable amount of risk in bidding such projects, and committing to
delivery dates.
CD-ROM DEMO: It was agreed that it is imperative to develop a demonstration of the
ESSCOMP retrieval technology on or before July 1, 1990. ESSCOMP has agreed to at least
produce a demo using the FARS data. ESSCOMP has agreed to finance the production of
the project up to the 9-Track tape. AMG has agreed to finance the premastering,
mastering, and replication of the demo.
PLAN OF ACTION
SUMMARY: In light of the above issues, it will be imperative that we collectively protect
our respective interests in pursuing our businesses. To accomplish this, and to
aggressively pursue our goals, the following terms and conditions will be suggested.
PROBATIONARY PERIOD: Until both organizations have a comfortable position, it will be
to both parties interest to carefully approach a long term relationship with formal contracts
and agreements. We will establish a six (6) month probationary period to establish our
businesses and to synchronize our operations. This will give both parties the necessary
time to effectively evaluate our situations, making for a more successful attempt at our
agreements.
We will for the most part enter into an agreement in principal to accommodate each
other with the necessary resources to conduct business in the same manner that we would
expect to with our formal long term agreements.
OPERATIONS: We will operate on a project by project basis. ESSCOMP will provide bids
for all contracts secured, along with firm commitment dates for delivery. We will mutually
agree to pursue our long term business strategies, and we will maintain our unity. We will
both agree in principal to a mutual exclusivity clause that will protect the interests of both
parties. AMG will market and promote ESSCOMP'S technologies, and ESSCOMP will provide
the quality and performance standards that is within its capabilities. Both parties will
mutually agree to adhere to these terms and conditions that are reasonably acceptable.
FINANCIAL: Both parties will be responsible for their respective costs incurred while
conducting business. It will become necessary to share certain costs and expenses that
will be considered joint efforts for conducting business. These will be handled on a case by
case basis. ESSCOMP will receive income from both project production services, and also
any royalties that may apply (50/50).
EQUITY: AMG will reserve equity for participation, and both parties will agree to define
the terms within the probationary period.
GOOD FAITH: Both parties will agree to utilize these six (6) months to ramp up the
operations, to get comfortable with the products and services that we are producing, and to
become efficient in conducting business with one another.
This agreement can be executed with a simple hand shake, or with a legal
agreement. All that we need to do is to get the job
done!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
March 6, 1991
PRESS RELEASE
COMMODORE CDTV
STRATEGIC ALLIANCE
The Advanced Media Group, Ltd., has recently signed a licensing
agreement with Commodore International, Ltd., the West
Chester computer maker. The strategic alliance is aimed at
combining the digital technologies expertise of the Advanced
Media Group, Ltd., with the development of the Commodore
CDTV multimedia machine.
The new system was officially
introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show, in Las Vegas this
past January.
The first shipments are expected to follow
immediately after the MICROSOFT CD-ROM Show, which will be
held in San Jose, CA in a few weeks. The show is the largest
CD-ROM trade show for this new and emerging technology.
The CDTV is one of the boldest attempts of a computer maker to
create a new category in the elusive field of consumer
electronics. The field of competition is intense, including, Apple
Computer, Inc., International Business Machines (IBM), and
Tandy Electronics. The systems will support "game", reference,
and also educational applications from the arms of film giants
Lucasfilm and Disney.
Mr. Bushnell, who sold Atari in 1976, is challenged with a
mission to effectively integrate the best aspects of television
with computing. The foundation of the technology is built
around CD-Audio and CD-ROM subsystems. The vast amounts
of storage capacity inherent in CD-ROM technology coupled with
the "interactivity" of multimedia presentations give the systems
unlimited potential.
However, what makes the CDTV unique is that the complete
system is only the size of a conventional CD player. Any TV
monitor can be used without the need for a computer. The
system is operated with an infrared remote control. The system
can also be adapted to an entertainment system and can play
both CD-Audio or CD-CDTV discs. This will make it the first
system to link the bridge between the conventional computer
markets and the consumer markets driven by CD-ROM
technology. The retail price is expected to be under $1,000.
Stan Caterbone had manufactured the first CD-ROM disc for
Commodore International Ltd., more than a year ago. The
Advanced Media Group, Ltd., had been working with
Commodore during the early development for the system over
the past year.
The licensing agreement will establish the Advanced Media
1989
1990
1991
1992
500
1,500
3,000
6,000
X $1,000
Marketing Strategy
Telemarketing
Although there may be some direct sales of the CD-ROM
version of the Call Report product initially, OPI believes that a
good telemarketing individual will be able to sell 10 copies of
the CD product per month. The telemarketing individuals will have
literature, floppy disk demos, and good customer referrals as
sales aids to assist in the sale's close.
Advertising
There are two primary banking trade journals which will be
utilized for advertising the Call Report product.
Trade Shows
The banking community holds two national meetings per year.
One of the meetings is a two day affair, while the other meeting
lasts for a week. Companies, which have products or services to
sell to the banks, are given the opportunity to do so. A
pavilion area is set up with booths during the day, and many
companies open up hospitality suites at night in the hotels to ~
continue the exposure and sale of their products. OPI intends to
have representatives at both of these meetings.
The Production Plan
The production will be handled "in-house" by the OPI
technical staff at the OPI facility in Fort Collins, Colorado. We
will provide all programming and technical support as well as all
customer service support for the product line.
Equipment
The type of data processing that is necessary for optical
disk publishing is extremely Input/Output (I/O) intensive. For
this reason OPI is running an IBM 9375/model 60 as its primary
data processing system. We currently have 7 Gigabytes of hard
disk data storage and 4 high speed tape drives. We have capacity
for 38 users on our mainframe computer system as well many high
speed IBM compatible 286/386 personal computers.
Software
The appendix contains a complete list of the software
which will be utilized in the production of the product and
utilized on the PC level for the retrieval of the data.
Facilities
OPI occupies a 3,000 square foot facility in Ft. Collins,
Colorado, with an option to expand into another 4,000 square feet
as necessary.
Mr. Zola
Mr. Zola has an extensive background in the information
industry. His experience includes programming, system analysis,
sales training, sales, marketing, and product development. He has
held various positions such as Director of Data Processing,
National Training Manager, and Vice President of Information
Systems. In addition he started his own consulting firm designed
to help companies market and sell their products to the
government. Mr. Zola's understanding of the sales and customer
service areas of the business allows OPI to bring products to
market which will be user friendly and easier to support.
Dr. Jacobson
Dr. Jacobson is a medical practitioner who now lives in
Luzern, Switzerland, and is CEO of the Datalab Group of Companies
which is active in medical management, medical supplies, new
product development and financial planning, with offices in
Australia, Honolulu, Colorado, Switzerland and the Netherlands.
Dr. Jacobson brings to OPI his valuable expertise in business
planning, management and financial control, which is sometimes
overlooked by young high-tech companies boasting a concentration
of specialized technical staff.
Mr. Fleischmann
Mr. Fleischmann has extensive experience developing PC based
software and has a very broad educational background in Computer
Science and Electrical Engineering. Having a good understanding
of the operation of the hardware allows Mr. Fleischmann to
develop software that is much more versatile, and executes at a
much faster speed than currently available products in the market
place.
Miss Bratz
Miss Bratz majored in journalism and public relations and
for the last seven years has worked for the Datalab Group with
special responsibility for management and administration of
European and American investments. Miss Bratz will concentrate on
administration and OPI expansion into the European markets.
Officers and Directors
Joseph August, President and Director
Gary A. Zola, Vice President and Director
Dr. Mervyn Jacobson, Vice President and Director
Gail Jean Bratz, Vice President and Director
The Financial Plan
initial
telemarketing,
STC
CDC
DIACOM