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(NSCP 6TH Edition 2010, Section 506 and AISC 2005 Specifications Chapter F)
Step 1:
Determine the following:
Mu for LRFD Load Combinations (SEI/ASCE 7, Section 2.3)
Ma for ASD Load Combinations (SEI/ASCE 7, Section 2.4)
Step 2:
Assume steel section from AISC Manual. Determine its design load due to self-weight and
add the corresponding values to the dead load of ASD and LRFD load combinations.
Step 3:
(NSCP Table 502.4.1 & AISC Table B4.1)
From the assumed section, classify cross-sectional shapes as compact, non-compact or
slender, depending on the values of the width-thickness ratios of the flange and web. For Ishaped sections:
If
p and the flange is continuously connected to the web, the shape is compact.
If
If
> r
For flanges,
b b
f = = f
t 2 tf
pf =0.38
For webs,
w=
h
tw
pw =3.76
E
Fy
rf =1.0
E
Fy
rw =5.70
E
Fy
E
Fy
Cb =
125 M max
R 3.0
2.5 M max + 3 M A + 4 M B + 3 M C M
R M =1.0
Step 4:
See NSCP Table User Note 506.1.1 and select case that is suitable for the flange and web
slenderness. Determine the value of the nominal flexural strength, Mn from the selected case.
Step 4.1: (NSCP Section 506.2)
If
p for both flange and web (compact section) bent about their major axis.
L p=1.76 r y
F2-5)
E
Fy
Lr=1.95 r ts
0.7 F y S x ho
E
Jc
1+ 1+6.76
0.7 F y S x h o
EJc
F2-6)
For doubly symmetric I-shape:
c=1.0
Note: if the square root term in Eq. 506.2-4 is conservatively taken equal to 1.0, Eq.
506.2-6 becomes
E
Lr= r ts
0.7 F y
r ts 2=
I y C w = I y ho
Sx
2 Sx
F2-7)
C w=
r ts =
I y ho2
4
bf
12 1+
htw
6 bf t f
2. Mn shall be the lower value obtained according to the following limit states:
F2-1)
M n=M p=F y Z x
b. For
L p < Lb L r ,
M n=C b M p ( M p0.7 F y S x )
)]
LbL p
Mp
Lr L p
Lb > Lr ,
M n=F cr S x M p
F2-3)
Fcr =
Cb 2 E
Lb
r ts
1+0.078
Jc Lb
S x h o r ts
( )
F2-4)
Note: The square root term in Eq. 506.2-4 may be conservatively taken equal to 1.0.
The available flexural strength shall be greater than or equal to the maximum
required moment causing compression within the flange under consideration C b is
permitted to be conservatively taken as 1.0 for all cases.
w pw
If
pf < f rf
(compact web);
(non-compact flange) or
axis.
1. Mn shall be the lower value obtained according to the following limit states:
pf < f rf ,
a. For
M n= M p ( M p 0.7 F y S x )
f pf
rf pf
)]
f > rf ,
M n=
0.9 E k c S x
F3-2)
kc=
f2
4
h
tw
kc shall not be taken less than 0.35 nor greater than 0.76
Step 4.3: (NSCP Section 506.4)
If
w pw
(compact web) or
pw < w rw
axis.
1. Solve for the limiting lengths Lp and Lr:
L p=1.1 r l
E
Fy
F S h
E
J
Lr=1.95 r l
1+ 1+ 6.76 L x o
F L S x ho
EJ
S xt
0.7 ,
S xc
F L =0.7 F y
b. For
S xt
< 0.7 ,
S xc
F L =F y
S xt
0.5 F y
S xc
hc
t w pw ,
R pc =
b. For
Mp
M yc
hc
>
t w pw ,
[ (
R pc =
)]
Mp
Mp
w pw
M
1
p
M yc M yc
rw pw
M yc
)(
M p=F y Z x 1.6 S xc F y
3. Determine the web plastification factor for tension Rtc:
a. For
hc
t w pw ,
R pt =
b. For
Mp
M yt
hc
>
t w pw ,
R pt =
[ ( )(
)]
Mp
Mp
w pw
M
1
p
M yt
M yt
rw pw
M yt
4. Mn shall be the lower value obtained according to the following limit states:
Compression Flange Yielding (NSCP Section 506.4.1)
M n=R pc M yc =R pc F y S xc
b. For
L p < Lb L r ,
M n=C b R pc M yc ( R pc M yc F L S xc )
L bL p
LrL p
)]
M n R pc M yc
c. For
Lb > Lr ,
M n=F cr S xc R pc M yc
M yc=F y S xc
Fcr =
Lb
rl
1+0.078
( )
b. For
pf < f rf ,
M n= R pc M yc ( R pc M yc F L S x )
c. For
pf
rf pf
)]
f > rf ,
0.9 E k c S xc
M n=
kc=
J Lb
Sx ho rl
I yc
0.23 , J shall be taken as zero.
Iy
For
Cb 2 E
f2
4
h
tw
kc shall not be taken less than 0.35 nor greater than 0.76
Tension Flange Yielding (NSCP Section 506.4.4)
a. For
b. For
S xt < S xc ,
M n=R pt M yt
M yt =F y S xt
Step 4.4: (NSCP Section 506.5)
If
w > rw
L p=1.1 r l
Lr= r t
E
Fy
E
0.7 F y
R pg=1
aw
hc
E
5.7
1.0
1200+300 a w t w
Fy
a w=
hc t w
b fc t fc
3. Mn shall be the lower value obtained according to the following limit states:
Compression Flange Yielding (NSCP Section 506.5.1)
M n=R pc F y S xc
M n=R pc F cr S xc
a. For
b. For
L p < Lb L r ,
Fcr =C b F y ( 0.3 F y )
)]
L bL p
Fy
LrL p
Lb > Lr ,
c. For
C E
Fcr = b 2 F y
Lb
rt
( )
M n=R pc F cr S xc
pf < f rf ,
a. For
Fcr = F y ( 0.3 F y )
b. For
pf
rf pf
)]
f > rf ,
Fcr =
kc=
0.9 E k c
bf
2t f
( )
4
h
tw
kc shall not be taken less than 0.35 nor greater than 0.76
Tension Flange Yielding (NSCP Section 506.5.4)
a. For
b. For
S xt < S xc ,
M n=F y S xt
Step 4.5: (NSCP Section 506.5)
For I-Shaped members bent about their minor axis.
1. Mn shall be the lower value obtained according to the following limit states:
M n=M p( M p 0.7 F y S y )
c. For
pf
Mp
rf pf
f > rf ,
M n=F cr S y
Fcr =
0.69 E
2
bf
2tf
( )
M u b M n
For ASD, check if the section is capable of resisting the service loads, the section must
satisfy the equation:
M u
Mn
b
= width-thickness ratio
f = width-thickness ratio of flange
p = upper limit for compact category
r = upper limit for non-compact category
w = width-thickness ratio of web
pf = flange upper limit for compact category
rf = flange upper limit for non-compact category
pw = web upper limit for compact category
rw = web upper limit for non-compact category
bf = flange width
Cb = lateral-torsional buckling modification factor
E = modulus of elasticity of steel
Fy = specified minimum yield stress of the type of steel being used
h = web height
ho = distance between the flange centroids
Iy = moment of inertia taken about the y-axis
J = torsional constant
Lb = length between points that are either braced against lateral displacement of
compression flange or braced against twist of the cross-section
Lp = limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of yielding
Lr = limiting laterally unbraced length for the inelastic lateral-torsional buckling
MA = absolute value of moment at quarter point of the unbraced segment
MB = absolute value of moment at centerline of the unbraced segment
MC = absolute value of moment at third quarter point of the unbraced segment
Mmax = absolute value of maximum moment in the unbraced segment
Mn = nominal moment capacity
Mp = plastic moment
Rm = cross-section monosymmetry parameter
Sx = elastic section modulus taken about the x-axis
Sy = elastic section modulus taken about the y-axis
rx= radius of gyration with respect to x-axis
ry= radius of gyration with respect to y-axis
tf = flange thickness
tw = web thickness
Zx = plastic section modulus about the x-axis
Zy = plastic section modulus about the y-axis
Step 2:
Assume steel section from AISC Manual. Determine its design load due to self-weight and
add the corresponding values to the dead load of ASD load combinations.
Step 3:
(NSCP Table 502-1)
From the assumed section, classify cross-sectional shapes as compact, partially compact,
or non-compact, depending on the values of the width-thickness ratios of the flange and web.
For I-shaped sections:
For compact sections, the following conditions must be satisfy:
a. Its flanges must be continuously connected to the web.
b. The section must have a flange width-thickness ratio of its compression elements:
b f 170
2 tf F y
d 1680
tw F y
170 b f 250
<
F y 2 tf F y
b f 250
>
2 tf F y
Cb =
125 M max
R 3.0
2.5 M max + 3 M A + 4 M B + 3 M C M
R M =1.0
Cb is permitted to be conservatively taken as 1.0 for all cases. For cantilevers or overhangs
where the free end is unbraced, Cb=1.0.
Step 4:
(NSCP Table 502-1)
From the assumed section, determine the value of Lb, Lc and Lu which will be considered
in the computations. Lb is the laterally unsupported length of the compression flange. L c shall be
the smaller value of L1 or L2, and Lu shall be the larger value of L1 or L2.
L1 =
L2 =
200b f
F y
137900
Fyd
bf t f
Step 5:
Determine the value of the allowable bending stress, F b depending on the given
parameters that the section has satisfy.
Laterally Supported Beams
a. For compact sections bending about the strong axis (x-axis) and
Lb < Lc .
Fb =0.66 F y
b. For partially-compact sections bending about the strong axis (x-axis) and
Fb =F y 0.790.000762
bf
Fy
2tf
c. For non-compact sections bending about the strong axis (x-axis) and
Fb =0.60 F y
Lc < Lb< Lu
Fb =0.60 F y
b. If
Lc < Lb> Lu
Case 1:
(2 Cases)
703270 Cb L
3516330 C b
< <
Fy
rt
Fy
Fb =F y
Fb =
Fy
L
rt
( )
3 10.55 x 106 C b
82740C b
Ld
bf t f
Fb < 0.6 F y )
3516330 Cb
L
>
rt
Fy
Case 2:
Fb =
Fb =
82740C b
L
rt
( )
82740C b
Ld
bf t f
Lb < Lc .
Fb < 0.6 F y )
Lb < Lc .
Fb =0.75 F y
Fb =F y 1.0750.0019
bf
Fy
2 tf
c. For non-compact sections bending about the strong axis (x-axis) and
Lb < Lc .
Fb =0.60 F y
Step 6:
Solve for the actual bending stress and compare to the allowable bending stress. The
section must satisfy the equation:
f b=
Ma
Fb
S