(Must be able to Draw a reactor, draw a K.

O drum and draw a blow-down drum)

Drum and Tower
Column Towers are abbreviated as VT- Vessel Towers on their metal plate tags.
Drum Towers are abbreviated as VD- Vessel Drums. (Valve Relief Line-VRL)
Towers and Drums are also called the Pots And Pans of the plant.
Lagging is a form of insulation- Lagging is used prevent injuries. (please google all
the uses of Lagging)
Vessels/ Columns have Trims, trims consist of anything attached to the tower, trims
are as follows; Ladders, Compressors, Pressure Safety Valves (PSV), Reflux Drums,
Level Glass (these reading are also found on kettles, used for measurements), Reboilers (eg. Furnace Re-boilers and Steam Re-boilers), Heat exchangers, Thermowells (these are devices put into the column looks like an oil stick), Pressure
Instruments and vents
The tagging of the devices are in the form of metal plates, these metal plates give
information about the vessel example the Maximum and Minimum Pressures that
the device can withstand, etc.
For Support the Column Tower stands on a fire proofing underground shield, this is
there to prevent the tower from collapsing during fires.
In a Distillation Tower there are 2 different types of trays found in a distillation
tower, these are Packing Trays and Dumped trays? (Please Google the other type of
tray).
There are 3 different types of Raschig Ring, Pall Ring and Berl Saddle.
There are 3 different types of packing trays these include Sieve trays, Valves trays
and Bubble cap trays.
Internal vessels are vessels that assist the tower to do its duty.
A demister is an internal vessel, that separates gas and liquids.
There are 3 different types of liquid distributors;
1.) Orifice Types
2.) Trough Types
3.) Spray Nozzles
VRL- Vessel Relief Line.
Please google, how does a Fixed Bed Reactor work?

Give the description of Decanters?

Lookup what is Elephant Stool, spheres and bullets (as storing Units),
What is the purpose of a Demister, flares, Accumulator, K.O Drum and research
different trays.

Towers And Drums (Question and Answer)

What is another name for towers and drums?
Column and Vessels
What is the above combination sometimes called?
Pots and Pans
Where does the product come from that gets stored in the towers and
drums
FA Platform
What does M.F.D stand for?
What information is found on top of the M.F.D.?
These include material of construction, size (diameter and length), design pressure,
insulated or not, design temperature.
What are trimmings?
Trimming include gauge glass, Vessels/ Columns have Trims, trims consist of
anything attached to the tower, trims are as follows; Ladders, Compressors,
Pressure Safety Valves (PSV), Reflux Drums, Level Glass (these reading are also
found on kettles, used for measurements), Re-boilers (eg. Furnace Re-boilers and
Steam Re-boilers), Heat exchangers, Thermo-wells (these are devices put into the
column looks like an oil stick), Pressure Instruments and vents.
What is a Debutanizer?
It is a distillation Tower/ Column, it separates the feed into components, the
overhead is Butane and the Bottoms is pentane and heavy bottom.
What does it do? The Distillation tower separates feeds into components.
What are vessel internals?
Vessel internals are parts that help perform duty.
What kinds of different internal vessels do you find in a Distillation Tower?

These are two kinds of internal vessels that are found in a distillation tower, Packed
Towers and Tray Towers.

Give two different types of packing?

Structured Packing and Dumped Packing.

What is structured packing?

These are packing that are assembled in sections and placed inside columns.
What is dumped packing?
These are packing that are not assembled in sections. Small elements that are
dumped into column
Give 3 examples of Dump packing?
These include 3 rings which are Rashig Ring, Pall Ring and Berl Saddle.
What are liquid distributors?
Liquid distributors are devices that use to distribute vapors and liquids in a
distillation tower.
Give 3 examples of liquids distributors?
These include Orifice Type, Trough Types and Spray Nozzles.
Give examples of two different types of Towers vessels?
These are Packing Towers and Tray Towers.
Give two examples of two different Packing Towers structure?
These are structured Packing and Dumped Packing.
Give two examples of Structured packing?
These are Glitch grid and Gempak.
Give three examples of?
These are Raschig Ring, Pall Ring and Berl Saddle.
Give 3 examples of Trays used in Tray Towers?

These are Sieve Tray, Valve Tray and Bubble Cap Trays.
What is a Sieve Tray?
It is a plate filled with wholes.
What is a Valve Tray?
A valve tray with a Flat movable tray.

What is a Bubble cap tray?

A bubble cap tray is a tray with bubble cap type cap in which vapor passes through
and liquid does not pass through.
What is a Stripper?
It removes Light components and leaves heavy component.
What is an Absorber?
An absorber recovers needed components from a gas by absorbing certain gas
particles.
What is an Adsorber?
An adsorber is a fixed bed of special material example Activated Charcoal. The
Activated Charcoal absorps unwanted components from liquids.
What is a reactor?
A Fixed bed reactor is a reactor which has a fixed bed of catalyst. Here are two
examples of an Alkylation Reactor- It uses HF (Hydrofluoric Acid) which reaches the
feed and the recycle stream and in a Alkylation Tower is cooled down using water.
QUESTION THAT NEED TO BE ANSWERED STILL
WHAT IS A QUENCH TOWER? The Quench tower is designed and engineered for cooling
high temperature exhaust gases from incinerator, melting furnace, drying furnace, etc. Exhaust
gas from high temperature sources is cooled down with water vapor to the saturation
temperature of the gas by Quench tower. Quench Towers can either be cooled by a water or
oil medium, this regulates whether it is called a Quench Water Tower (QWT) or Quench Oil
Tower (QOT).

WHAT IS A DRIER?

WHAT IS A TREATOR?

WHAT IS A DECANTOR?
It is a continuous gravity separation vessels via the difference in density.

WHAT IS A ACCUMULATOR?

What's An Accumulator?
A hydraulic accumulator is a device in which potential energy is stored in the form of a compressed gas or
spring, or by a raised weight to be used to exert a force against a relatively incompressible fluid.
They are used in fluid power systems to accumulate energy and to smooth out pulsations. A hydraulic system
utilizing an accumulator can use a smaller fluid pump since the accumulator stores energy from the pump
during low demand periods. This energy is available for instantaneous use, released upon demand at a rate
many times greater than could be supplied by the pump alone.
Accumulators can also act as surge or pulsation absorbers, much as an air dome is used on pulsating piston or
rotary pumps. They will cushion hydraulic hammer, reducing shocks caused by rapid operation or sudden
starting and stopping of power cylinders in a hydraulic circuit.
There are four principal types of accumulators, the weight loaded piston type, diaphragm (or bladder) type,
spring type and the hydropneumatic piston type. The weight loaded type was the first used but is much larger
and heavier for its capacity than modern piston and bladder types. Both the weighted type, and mechanical
spring type are very seldom used today. The hydro-pneumatic types use a gas as a spring cushion in
conjunction with a hydraulic fluid, the gas and fluid being separated by a thin diaphragm or a piston. Tobul
accumulators, having an aluminum piston of low inertia as standard equipment, are superior to other makes in
absorbing either high or low frequency pulsations.

WHAT IS A K.O POT?

A vaporliquid separator is a device used in several industrial applications to separate a vapor
liquid mixture.
A vaporliquid separator may also be referred to as a flash drum, knock-out drum, knock-out
pot, compressor suction drum or compressor inlet drum. When used to remove suspended water
droplets from streams of air, it is often called a demister.

Method of operation[edit]
For the common variety, gravity is utilized in a vertical vessel to cause the liquid to settle to the
bottom of the vessel, where it is withdrawn.[1][2][3][4]
In low gravity environments such as a space station, a common liquid separator will not function
because gravity is not usable as a separation mechanism. In this case, centrifugal forceneeds to be
utilized in a spinning centrifugal separator to drive liquid towards the outer edge of the chamber for
removal. Gaseous components migrate towards the center.
For both varieties of separator, the gas outlet may itself be surrounding by a spinning mesh screen
or grating, so that any liquid that does approach the outlet strikes the grating, is accelerated, and
thrown away from the outlet.
The vapor travels through the gas outlet at a design velocity which minimizes the entrainment of any
liquid droplets in the vapor as it exits the vessel.
The feed to a vaporliquid separator may also be a liquid that is being partially or totally flashed into
a vapor and liquid as it enters the separator

WHAT IS A BLOWDOWN DRUM?

In a refinery, each piece of equipment or vessel is tied in to a relief system. So if one piece of
equipment were to fail or was overpressured and needed to relieve pressure, it would do so through
the relief valves into a relief header, and ultimately into a blow-down drum. The chemicals and gases
cannot be released to the atmosphere so they are released to a drum.

WHAT IS A STORAGE DRUM?

It is the drum where desired products are stored.

WHAT IS A SPHERE?
It is a High volume and high pressure storage tank.

WHAT IS A BULLET?
It is a low volume and low pressure storage tank.