Composite Beam

Composite Steel Beam Design
Digital Canal Corporation
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Digital Canal Corporation and the Digital Canal Corporation logo are trademarks of Digital Canal Corporation.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
All other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Digital Canal Corporation wishes to thank the following people for their efforts in the development of Composite
Steel Beam Design:
Clint Auderer
Dan Horn
Copyright 2008 by Digital Canal Corporation. All rights reserved.

Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part
of the vendor. The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used or
copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
Digital Canal Corporation has carefully prepared this program, including research, development and testing to
ascertain its effectiveness and accuracy. However, no warranty of any kind is made with respect to this program or
its related material except as may be expressly stated in the licensing agreement or other contractual document. In
no event is Digital Canal Corporation to be liable for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or
arising out of, the furnishing, performance or use of this program.
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Contents
COMPOSITE STEEL BEAM DESIGN ........................................................................................................................... I
GETTING STARTED ................................................................................................................................................. 1
Authorization .......................................................................................................................................................1
Technical Support .................................................................................................................................................2
Toolbars................................................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
DESIGN PROCEDURE: ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Type 1: Beam Only ...............................................................................................................................................5
Type 2 & 3: Encased Composite Beams ................................................................................................................5
Type 4: Composite Beams With Shear Connectors...............................................................................................5
Deflections............................................................................................................................................................6
Calculation of Stud Spacing ..................................................................................................................................6
Calculation of Bottom Flange Cover Plate Cutoff .................................................................................................6
MENUS .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
FILE .............................................................................................................................................................................7
EDIT ............................................................................................................................................................................8
Span Data .............................................................................................................................................................9
Composite Data ..................................................................................................................................................10
Design Parameters .............................................................................................................................................11
Loads ..................................................................................................................................................................13
Loads | End Moments ........................................................................................................................................14
Loads | Concentrated Loads............................................................................................................................... 15
Loads | Uniform Loads .......................................................................................................................................16
Loads | Linear Loads ..........................................................................................................................................16
Loads | Triangular Loads....................................................................................................................................17
Loads | Load Combinations................................................................................................................................18
VIEW .........................................................................................................................................................................20
SOLVE........................................................................................................................................................................21
Perform Design...................................................................................................................................................21
Shear/Moment Diagram .................................................................................................................................... 21
SETTINGS ...................................................................................................................................................................22
Units ...................................................................................................................................................................22
Set Defaults ........................................................................................................................................................23
Job Information ..................................................................................................................................................24
EXAMPLES ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
EXAMPLE 1 .................................................................................................................................................................25
EXAMPLE 2 .................................................................................................................................................................35
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Getting Started
Authorization
An Unlock Code is a numeric string that authorizes Digital Canal product(s) to be run on your computer. It is a
unique number that corresponds to the Serial Number, which is unique to your computer. To authorize, or unlock,
your Digital Canal software, follow the steps below.
After launching a Digital Canal program, you will be prompted to authorize your copy of the software.
If you answer No, you will have a 5-day grace period in which you can authorize your software. If you answer
Yes, the License dialog box will be displayed.
Press the Request Authorization button to launch the Request Authorization dialog.
Fill in your companys information. It is very important that you give complete information so that we can return
your unlock code to you with no delays. Use the Print button to generate a Request Form or Save As to save the
request form to a file. The Request Form can be faxed to 563-690-2003 or emailed to authcodes@digitalcanal.com.
When you receive your unlock code from Digital Canal, type it in the Unlock Code edit field on the License dialog
box (below).
Press the Unlock button to complete the process.
Authorization Codes FAQs

Do I have to wait for an Unlock Code before I can run my Digital Canal Software?
o No. You can run your software immediately after installing it. You have a 5-day grace period
during which you can run the software before the unlock code is required. However, we strongly
recommend that you request the unlock code as soon as possible. We will make every effort to
ensure that you receive your software authorization keys in a timely manner, usually the same
day.
What happens if I don't contact Digital Canal to get my Unlock Code?
o The software will no longer operate 5 days after installation. Re-installing the software does not
restart the grace period.
Do I have to obtain authorization codes for each machine running Digital Canal software?
o Yes. Unlock codes are machine specific and licenses are sold on a per-machine basis.
What if I need to re-install my system?
o As long as you re-install on the same hard drive on the same machine, your Unlock Code should
work. A new hard drive or CPU will generate a different Serial Number, and your original Unlock
Codes will not be recognized.
Technical Support
At times, you may require help solving a problem. If you do, Digital Canal is available to help you. Before calling, we
ask that you consult the programs documentation to see if it has the answer to your question.
Technical Support is offered to you free of charge for 60 days after the date of purchase of the module. Support
contracts are available at an additional charge through your Account Executive, or Digital Canal will bill you directly
for the support time incurred.
If you need assistance:
Call:
(800) 449-5033
(563) 690-2000 (outside the United States)
8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Central time
Monday-Friday
Email:
support@digitalcanal.com
Fax:
(563) 690-2003
To make the support process more efficient, you will be asked to provide us with your company information so
that we can assign you a Case ID. Since you will probably be asked to provide information from your computer
system, we recommend that you call from a telephone that is near your computer. Also, be sure to have the
following information ready for the Support Engineer:
Software product and version

Operating system (Windows XP, Windows Vista, etc.)
Background information about your question or problem
Toolbars
Composite Steel Beam Design contains several toolbars for expediting the navigation of the program. The toolbar
shortcuts that are not standard Windows shortcuts are described below:
Option
Icon
Corresponding Command
Span Data
EditSpan Data
Composite Data
EditComposite Data
Design Parameters
EditDesign Parameters
End Moments
EditLoadsEnd Moments
Concentrated Loads
EditLoadsConcentrated Loads
Uniform Loads
EditLoadsUniform Loads
Linear Loads
EditLoadsLinear Loads
Triangular Loads
EditLoadsTriangular Loads
Load Combinations
EditLoadsLoad Combinations
Geometry View
ViewGeometry
Load View
ViewLoads
Perform Design
SolvePerform Design
Shear/Moment Diagram
SolveShear/Moment Diagram
Introduction
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st
Composite Steel Beam Design designs composite steel beams using the AISC ASD (9 Edition) and LRFD (1 Edition)
design codes. The program can check or design beams. When run in Design Mode, the program sizes the steel
beam in addition to determining the number and spacing of shear studs, which are also determined in Check Mode.
Design Procedure:
The program will check or design five types of composite beams:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Beams designed on the basis of the steel section working alone.

Encased beams which are unshored (encased beams rely on concrete bond for transfer of shear forces).
Encased beams which are shored.
Composite beams with shear connectors and/or metal deck, unshored.
Composite beams with shear connectors and/or metal deck, shored.
In general, the program checks each span separately. For cantilevers, the bottom flange is assumed to be unbraced for the entire length of the cantilever. The main span bottom flange is assumed to be un-braced between
the support and point of inflection. The top flange in all spans is assumed to be continuously braced for both
shored and unshored conditions.
Type 1: Beam Only

All stresses and deflections are computed on the steel section alone. The allowable stress is set to 0.76 Fy when
using ASD (I2.1). Mn is calculated by setting phi = 0.90 and using the plastic stress distribution when using the LRFD
method.
Type 2 & 3: Encased Composite Beams

Stresses are determined by superposition of elastic stresses in both ASD and LRFD design methods. In ASD, the
allowable bending stress is 0.66 Fy.
Type 4: Composite Beams With Shear Connectors

When using ASD the following steps are performed:
1.
2.
3.
Calculate elastic composite properties for positive and negative moment regions. Modular ratios are
based on normal weight concrete.
If the beam is unshored, determine stresses based on superposition and compare to an allowable of 0.90
Fy.
If the beam is shored or unshored, determine stress using total moment and composite section modulus
and compare to an allowable determined by using section F1.1 of the specification.
When using LRFD the following procedure is used:

1. Determine hc/tw
a. If greater than the limit specified in I3.2a, use superposition of elastic stresses as for ASD but with
b = 0.90.
b. Otherwise, treat beam as shored and calculate Mn from plastic stress distribution and b = 0.85.
Deflections
All deflections are based on superposition of elastic deflections based on un-factored loads. The composite section
is calculated using user specified modular ratios. An immediate, non-composite deflection is printed for unshored
beams, as well as short time deflection composite deflection. Long time deflections are due to creep and are not
mentioned in the AISC specification and are therefore not used for design purposes. Some engineers, however,
make use of long time deflections (using a modular ration of between 2 to 3 times the normal modular ratio). The
program therefore prints these values of information purposes only.
Calculation of Stud Spacing

The program calculates the number of studs required between the point of maximum moment and the nearest
points of zero moment. An attempt is made to predict spacing of connector groups based on the position of
concentrated loads, points of maximum moment and inflection points for all load combinations simultaneously.
Wildly varying loading conditions and moment diagrams may cause aberrations in these calculations and should be
checked thoroughly by the engineer.
The printed spacing assumes the deck parallel or no metal deck. With the deck perpendicular, the spacing must be
modified to coincide with the troughs of the decking such that the total number of connectors is supplied within
the same overall distances. In other words, if the program specified 20 spaces at 6 inches, you need a total of 19
connector groups within 10 feet at any spacing (not to exceed maximum spacing restrictions).
Calculation of Bottom Flange Cover Plate Cutoff

Flange cover plate cutoffs are calculated when the section capacity of the steel beam alone is less than the
maximum applied moment. If the beam acting alone has more capacity than required by the loads, no cutoff can
be calculated. Flange cutoffs are also not calculated when there are cantilevers or negative moments. The
engineer must extend cover plates beyond these theoretical cutoff points by the distance required to develop the
force in the cover plate using welds or bolts.
Menus
File
The File menu found in Composite Steel Beam Design contains commands found in all Windows applications.
These commands function in the standard manner and are not described in this manual.
Edit
The Edit menu contains the main input commands for the program. These four commands are described below:
Span Data
EditSpan Data
Icon:
Dialog Box:
Span Data dialog box definitions:

Option
Function
Main Span
The length of the beam that spans between the two supports. The Main Span length
is measured from the centerlines of the supports.
Support
The support type at each side. If a cantilever is specified, the support type is
automatically considered to be pinned.
Cantilever
The length of the cantilever, or overhang. The cantilever length is measured from the
center of the support to its tip.
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Composite Data
EditComposite Data
Icon:
Dialog Box:
Composite Data dialog box definitions:

Option
Function
Composite Beam Type
The Type specifies the type of composite action used by the beam:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Beam Only: design based on steel section working alone.

Encased Unshored: unshored beams that rely on concrete bond for transfer
of shear forces.
Encased Shored: shored beams that rely on concrete bond for transfer of
shear forces.
Composite Unshored: unshored beams that use shear connectors for
transfer of shear forces. Optional metal deck.
Composite Shored: shored beams that use shear connectors for the transfer
of shear forces. Optional metal deck.
Concrete Strength, fc
The compressive strength of the concrete.
Concrete Density
The weight density of the slab concrete, generally taken to be around 144 pcf.
N, Short Term
&
N, Long Term
The short term and long term modular ratios. Composite Steel Beam Design
computes the ratios from the concrete weight when the Concrete Density is input.
The computed values can be overridden.
Overall Slab Thickness
The distance from the top of the steel beam to the top of the concrete slab.
Edge Beam?
&
Edge Distance
If the beam being designed is at the edge of the slab, input the distance from the
centerline of the beam to the edge of the slab.
Spacing C.C. Adj. Beam
The center to center spacing of the beams. The value is used to determine the
effective flange width of the slab.
Metal Deck?
&
Thickness
If a metal deck is used, input its thickness.
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Capacity of Shear
Fasteners
The design capacity per connector group. For LRFD, input the nominal strength; for
ASD input the allowable load. The allowable load is generally around 50% of the
nominal strength.
Interior Support
Reinforcement
Check If rebar has been placed in the support regions to increase negative moment
capacity. Composite Steel Beam Design only considers the reinforcement if there is a
negative moment.
Rebar Area
(Left and Right)
The area of steel reinforcement in the top of the slab over the supports.
Distance to Bar
(Left and Right)
The distance from the top of the steel beam to the centroid of the reinforcing steel.
Design Parameters
EditDesign Parameters
Icon:
Dialog Box:
Design Parameters dialog box definitions:

Option
Function
Design or Check
Specify if the program should determine the beam size (Design Mode) or check a
specific size (Check Mode). If Check mode is specified, the Check Section list and
Select button are enabled; if Design mode is specified, the Section Type, Min Depth
and Max Depth fields are enabled.
Output
Choose between detailed and summary reports.
Yield Stress, Fy
The yield stress of the beam.
Defl. Ratio LL
The ratio that defines the allowable amount of deflection due to live load loads. The
value is expressed as a denominator of the span length. Only the main span is
checked against the specified ratio.
For example, if a beam is 120 long and the allowable live load deflection is to be
0.3, then the Defl. Ratio LL would be 400. A commonly used value is 360.
Rebar Yield, Fyr
The yield stress of the reinforcing bars (i.e. support reinforcement).

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Defl. Ratio TL
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The ratio that defines the allowable amount of deflection due to combined dead and
live load loads. The value is expressed as a denominator of the span length. Only the
main span is checked against the specified ratio.
For example, if a beam is 120 long and the allowable total load deflection is to be
0.5, then the value of Maximum would be 240, which is a commonly used value.
Maximum Stress Ratio
The maximum allowed ratio of required to provided capacity. The default value is 1.0.
Remember that load combinations containing Wind or Seismic loads automatically
have their allowable stresses increased, so you do not have to increase the stress
ratio to account for that provision.
For example, if the shear on a beam is 25 kips, and the current beam shape has a
shear capacity of 18 kips, then the shear ratio is 25/18 = 1.39, which means the beam
will fail in shear. If the Max Ratio is set to 0.98, Composite Steel Beam Design will find
a shape (using Design mode) that has a shear capacity of at least 25/0.98 = 25.5 kip.
Long Term Live Load
The percent of live load that will be considered sustained for long term deflection
calculations.
Cover Plate Required
Check if a cover plate is going to be used on the bottom flange. Cover plates are used
to increase the positive moment capacity of a beam.
Thickness (Cover Plate)
The thickness of the Cover Plate.
Width (Cover Plate)
The width of the Cover Plate.
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Loads
EditLoads
There are (5) types of loads that can be entered into Composite Steel Beam Design, these include end moments,
concentrated, uniform, linear and triangular force distributions. Each of these loads are input and managed via the
Load Manager dialog box shown below:
Dialog Box:
Load Manager dialog box definitions:

Option
Function
Load Case
The load case drop list specifies the load type.
Span
The span indicates if the load is to be placed on the main span or one of the
cantilevers.
New Load
The New Load button launches the input dialog box that is used to define the specific
individual load.
Edit Load
The Edit Load button displays the selected load input for viewing or editing.
Copy Load
The Copy Load button will copy a load within the specified load case and span.
Delete Load
The Delete Load button permanently deletes the selected load.
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Loads | End Moments

EditLoadsEnd Moments
Icon:
Dialog Box:
New End Moment Load dialog box definitions:

Option
Function
ID
A numeric identifier used by Composite Steel Beam Design to keep track of the
individual loads. The value is maintained by the program and cannot be changed by
the user. Only one set of end moments can be input for each load case.
Description
The description is an optional alpha-numeric label used to identify the load.
Left Moment
The magnitude of the end moment at the left side of the main span; positive values
create compression on the top of the beam.
Right Moment
The magnitude of the end moment at the right side of the main span; positive values
create compression on the top of the beam.
Load Case
The load case as selected from the Load Manager. The Load Case value cannot be
changed from the New End Moment Load dialog box - to change it, you must return
to the Load Manager and specify the desired load case before creating a new load.
Span
The span that the load is to be placed on. The span value cannot be changed from
the New End Moment Load dialog box - to change it, you must return to the Load
Manager and specify the desired span before creating a new load.
1) End moments cannot be applied to the ends of the main span that have fixed supports or cantilevers.
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Loads | Concentrated Loads

EditLoadsConcentrated Loads
Icon:
Dialog Box:
New Concentrated Load dialog box definitions:

Option
Function
ID
the user. A maximum of (10) concentrated loads are permitted for a given span and
load case combination.
Description
Distance to Load
The location of the concentrated load, measured from the left end of the indicated
span.
Concentrated Load
The magnitude of the concentrated load; downward loads are entered as negative
numbers.
Load Case
changed from the New Concentrated Load dialog box - to change it, you must return
to the Load Manager and specify the desired load case before creating a new load.
Span
the New Concentrated Load dialog box - to change it, you must return to the Load
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Loads | Uniform Loads

EditLoadsUniform Loads
Icon:
Dialog Box:
New Uniform Load dialog box definitions:

Option
Function
ID
the user. A maximum of (10) uniform loads are permitted for a given span and load
case combination.
Description
Distance to Begin
The location where the uniform load begins, measured from the left end of the
indicated span.
Distance to End
The location where the uniform load ends, measure from the left end of the indicated
span.
Uniform Load
The magnitude of the uniform load; downward loads are entered as negative
numbers.
Load Case
changed from the New Uniform Load dialog box - to change it, you must return to the
Load Manager and specify the desired load case before creating a new load.
Span
the New Uniform Load dialog box - to change it, you must return to the Load
Loads | Linear Loads

EditLoadsLinear Loads
Icon:
Dialog Box:
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New Linear Load dialog box definitions:

Option
Function
ID
the user. A maximum of (5) linear loads are permitted for a given span and load case
combination.
Description
Distance to Begin
The location where the linear load begins, measured from the left end of the
indicated span.
Distance to End
The location where the linear load ends, measure from the left end of the indicated
span.
Load at Begin
The magnitude of the linear load at the beginning position; downward loads are
entered as negative numbers.
Load at End
The magnitude of the linear load at the end position; downward loads are entered as
negative numbers.
Load Case
changed from the New Linear Load dialog box - to change it, you must return to the
Span
the New Linear Load dialog box - to change it, you must return to the Load Manager
and specify the desired span before creating a new load.
Loads | Triangular Loads

EditLoadsTriangular Loads
Icon:
Dialog Box:
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18
New Triangular Load dialog box definitions:

Option
Function
ID
A numeric identifier used by Composite Steel Beam Design to keep track of the individual
loads. The value is maintained by the program and cannot be changed by the user. A
maximum of (5) triangular loads are permitted for a given span and load case
combination.
Description
Distance to Begin
The location where the triangular load begins, measured from the left end of the
indicated span.
Distance to End
The location where the triangular load ends, measure from the left end of the indicated
span.
Distance to Peak
The location where the triangular load reaches its peak magnitude. The Distance to Peak
must be a number between the Distance to Begin and Distance to End.
Peak Load
The peak magnitude of the triangular load; downward loads are entered as negative
numbers.
Load Case
changed from the New Triangular Load dialog box - to change it, you must return to the
Span
The span that the load is to be placed on. The span value cannot be changed from the
New Triangular Load dialog box - to change it, you must return to the Load Manager and
specify the desired span before creating a new load.
Loads | Load Combinations

EditLoadsLoad Combinations
The Load Combinations Options dialog box displays a list of load combinations used to design the beam. A maximum
of 15 load combinations can be defined and edited using the controls found on the Load Combination Options dialog
box.
Icon:
Dialog Box:
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19
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View
The View menu contains commands to control the display of the main application window. The first two commands
(Geometry and Loads) are used to change the background graphic to display either the beam geometry or beam
loads. These backgrounds are meant to be visual definitions for the various program inputs. The other two
commands are used to turn on or off the Composite Steel Beam Design Toolbar and Status Bar.
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Solve
The Solve menu contains commands to initialize the design procedure and generate shear & moment diagrams.
Perform Design
The Perform Design command initiates the solution process, which results in the report automatically displaying in
Microsoft Word. If you do not have Microsoft Word, or any other application that can view RTF files, you can
download Microsoft Word Viewer from Microsofts website for free. Note that while RTF files with open with
Microsoft Wordpad, much of the formatting will be lost.
Shear/Moment Diagram
The Shear/Moment Diagram command generates and displays a shear and moment diagrams for the beam. The
diagrams can be generated for each load combination. The diagram can be printed and/or saved to a DXF file.
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Settings
The Settings menu contains commands used to assign and maintain units, default inputs and the project
description (displayed in the report).
Units
SettingsUnits
Dialog Box:
Define I/O Units dialog box definitions:

Option
Function
Set units to
Selecting either button (US or Metric) will set the units to preset defaults for the indicated
system of units.
Span & Loads

Length Units
Length unit for span lengths, beam spacing, edge distance, load inputs and outputted
locations of inflection points, maximum moments and deflections.
Span & Loads

Force Units
Force unit for load input.
Yield Stress Length

Units
Length unit for material strength/stress property input.
Yield Stress Force

Units
Force unit for material strength/stress property input.
Density Length
Units
Length unit for concrete density input.
Density Force
Units
Force unit for concrete density input.
Thickness Length
Length unit for slab thickness, metal deck thickness, support reinforcement, cover plate
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Units
input, section property output and stud spacing.
Deflection Length
Units
Length unit for deflection output.
Shear & Moment

Length Units
Length unit for section force and reaction output.
Shear & Moment

Force Units
Force unit for section force and reaction output.
Stress Length Units
Length unit for stress output.
Stress Force Units
Force unit for stress output.
Set Defaults
SettingsSet Defaults
The Set Defaults command takes the current value of all the inputs and saves them to a file that is loaded (as
default inputs) each time the program loaded or a new problem started.
Dialog Box:
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24
Job Information
SettingsJob Information
The Job Information command is used to input the various descriptors used to identify the beam in the report.
These alpha-numeric strings are displayed on the header of the first page of the report. Each string is limited to
200 characters.
Dialog Box:
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Examples
Example 1
Design the beam as given in the AISC 9th Edition (ASD) Manual of Steel Construction, Example
16 (pg 2-252)
1. Determine Design Moment and Shear

a. Non-composite moment:
i.
.
= 62.2
b. Moment due to loads after concrete has hardened:

i.
.
= 165.88
c. Total Moment:
i. 62.2 + 165.88 = 228.1
d. Maximum Shear:
i.
..

= 25.3
2. Calculate Section Properties

a. Composite Beam Cross Section
25
26
i.
b. Effective Width
i.

= 108 . > 8 12 = 96 . #$%&'
c. Steel Section Properties (W21x44)

i. () = 81.6 .
ii. *+ = 13.0 .
iii. ,) = 843 .
iv. . = 20.66 .
d. Determine Ycg
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
/
= 9.289

/
345678 = /./ = 10.335
= 01
.
*+9:; = 10.335 4 2 = 20.667

* = 20.667 + 13.0 = 33.667 .
*+9:; >+9:; = 62.00 .
*> = 62 + 13 10.33 = 72.29 .
vii. >@ =
A1./
.1
= 2.147 .
e. Determine Moments of Inertia

i. ,BCDE = 843 + 13 10.33 2.147 +
f.
ii. ,BCDE = 2267.89 .

iii. Using n = 9
1. ,+GCHI = 2285.4 .
Determine Section modulus
.0F

+ 20.667 3 + 2.147
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27

1./
= 122.49 .
.A.0
1.//./
= 3428.2
(BCJB =
.0
i. (IH =
ii.
.
3. Check Stresses
a. The 9th Edition Specification requires that the following checks be made for unshored
construction:
i. Non-Composite
1. ; =
ii. Composite
.
.
= 9.15 < 0.66LM = 23.76 OP
.
= 22.35
./
0.
BCJB =
= 0.581
.
1. ; =
2.
3.
iii. Elastic Calculation
1. ; = 9.15 +
iv. Shear
4. Check Deflections
0.
./
< 0.66LM = 23.76 OP
< 0.45LB = 1.35 OP
= 25.4 < 0.9LM = 32.4 OP
0.
1. 8 = ..0 = 3.50 < 0.4LM = 14.4 OP
0.
a. S9 = / 1728 = 0.59 .

00.
b. 99 = /0. 1728 = 0.58 .
c. +GCHI = 0.59 + 0.58 = 1.17 .

5. Shear Connector Design
a. TG = 0.85 3.0
b. TG = 13.0
c. V =

/.

/

= 244.8
= 234 U$%&'
= 25.4 W& 26 &XY .& $ [X\[W[ [$[&
6. Partial Composite Design

a. (H45S =
.
= 115.2 .
.
0.A.
b. TG = 234 ] ./A. ^ = 158

c. V =
0
/.
= 17.2 W& 18 W.
d. TG = 18 9.2 = 165.6

0.
e. (4__ = 81.6 + ` 122.49 81.6 = 116 .
f.
; =
.

= 23.59
0.
g. ,4__ = 843 + ` 2285.4 843 = 2056.4
0.
h. 6 = 0.58 0. = 0.64 .
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To use Composite Steel Beam Design to solve the problem, follow the steps below:
1. Input Span Data:
a. Pick the Span Data command from the Edit menu, fill the dialog box as shown below:
b.
2. Input Composite Data:
a. Run the Composite Data command from the Edit menu, fill out the dialog box as shown
below:
b.
3. Input Design Parameters:
a. Run the Design Parameters command from the Edit menu, fill out the dialog box as
shown below:
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b.
4. Input Loads:
a. Run the Uniform Loads command from the EditLoads menu:
b.
c. Make sure the Load Case is set to Non Composite, then click the New Load button, fill
out the dialog box as shown below:
d.
e. When you press OK, you will be returned to the Uniform Load Manager dialog box.
Change the Load Case to Live:
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f.
g. Press the New Load button, fill out the dialog box as shown below:
h.
i. Press the OK button to close both the New Uniform Load and Uniform Load Manager
dialog boxes.
5. Input Load Combinations
a. Run the Load Combinations command from the EditLoads menu:
b.
c. Use the New and/or Edit buttons to create the load combinations show below:
d.
30
31
6. Run the Perform Design command from the Solve menu; the report below will display:
31
32

Job:
0
Beam ID: 0
Time:
3:46 PM 7/21/2008
Designed By:
Checked By:
Program:
Composite Steel Beam 2.0
C O M P O S I T E
Description:
===========
Code: AISC (1990)
Design Method: ASD
S T E E L
B E A M
D E S I G N
Type: Composite Beam - Un-Shored
Main Span Length:
36.000 Ft
Beam Spacing
:
Slab Thickness :
Fy
:
Max Stress Ratio:
Rebar, Fy
:
Density
:
Modular Ratios
Short Term
:
8.000
4.000
36
1.000
60
144.000
Ft
In
K /In ^2
Deck Thickness
:
Total Load Deflection Limit:
Live Load Deflection Limit :
Concrete, f'c
:
Stud Capacity
:
K /In ^2
Lb/Ft ^3
9.000
NON-COMPOSITE
Wind/Earthquake Included:
Check Deflection:
Long Term
E C H O
O F
DEAD
L O A D
I N P U T
LIVE
No
Yes
WIND
2.000
L/240.00
L/360.00
3
9.200
In
K /In ^2
K
27.000
EARTHQUAKE
ROOF
No
Yes
Main Span
=========
# 1
Uniform Load:
Distance to Begin:
End:
-0.384 K /Ft
0.000 Ft
36.000 Ft
0.000 K /Ft
0.000 Ft
0.000 Ft
-1.024 K /Ft
0.000 Ft
36.000 Ft
C R I T I C A L
S H E A R S
&
M O M E N T S
(+Moment Produces Compression in Top Flange)
(NON-COMPOSITE + COMPOSITE)
NON-COMPOSITE
LOAD COMB 1
LOAD COMB 2
LOAD COMB 3
Load Combination Non-Comp:

Load Combination
# 1:
Shear
Moment
Shear
Moment
Left End:
Left End:
Right End:
Right End:
Maximum Moment:
Located at:
Max Deflection I=1000:
Located at:
Non-Composite Part:
Inflection Points:
LOAD COMB 4
1.000 x Non-Comp
1.000 x Non-Comp + 1.000 x Live
6.912
0.000
-6.912
0.000
62.208
18.000
-0.500
18.000
0.000
K
K -Ft
K
K -Ft
K -Ft
Ft
In
Ft
Ft
25.344
0.000
-25.344
0.000
228.096
18.000
-1.835
18.000
-0.500
0.000
K
K -Ft
K
K -Ft
K -Ft
Ft
In
Ft
In
Ft
32
33
36.000
Reaction
Reaction
Left End:
Right End:
6.912
6.912
Ft
36.000
Ft
K
K
25.344
25.344
K
K
S E C T I O N
P R O P E R T I E S
Non-Composite Section Properties for W21x44

Ix =
843.000 In^4
Sxt =
81.600
In^3
Sxb =
81.600
In^3
Composite Section Properties (Beff = 96.00 In)

Ix (Short) =
2285.423 In^4 Ix (Long) =
Sxt =
1056.475 In^3
Sxb =
1662.150
122.505
In^4
In^3
Ix (Stress) =
Sxslab =
2267.969
3427.326
In^4
In^3
C R I T I C A L
S T R E S S E S
(Sign Convention: += Tension, -= Compression)
NON-COMPOSITE
LOAD COMB 1
LOAD COMB 2
LOAD COMB 3
LOAD COMB 4
Check of W21x44
================
Main Span
=========
Actual/Allowable Non-Composite Top Flange Stresses
@Max Non-Comp Moment:
-9.148 K /In ^2
23.760 K /In ^2
Actual/Allowable Non-Composite Bottom Flange Stresses
9.148 K /In ^2
23.760 K /In ^2
Actual/Allowable Composite Top Flange Stresses
-11.032
32.400
-11.032
32.400
K
K
K
K
/In
/In
/In
/In
^2
^2
^2
^2
Actual/Allowable Composite Bottom Flange Stresses

22.343
23.760
@Max Composite Moment:
22.343
23.760
K
K
K
K
/In
/In
/In
/In
^2
^2
^2
^2
Partial Composite Bottom Flange Stresses

23.594
23.760
K /In ^2
K /In ^2
3.505
14.400
K /In ^2
K /In ^2
-0.581
1.350
-0.581
1.350
K
K
K
K
25.398
25.398
K /In ^2
K /In ^2
Partial Composite Bottom Flange Elastic Stresses

26.307
26.307
K /In ^2
K /In ^2
Actual/Allowable Composite Shear Stresses
Actual/Allowable Composite Concrete Stresses

Unshored Bottom Flange Elastic Stresses

/In
/In
/In
/In
^2
^2
^2
^2
C R I T I C A L
S T R E S S E S
S U M M A R Y
33
34
Main Span
=========
W21x44
Loc: COMP/BF
Stress Ratio:
0.94
Load Comb:
1 Defl. Ratio: L/ 309
Load Comb: 1
====================================================================================================================================
fb:
22.34 K /In ^2 fv:
3.50 K /In ^2
Weight:
1.59 K
Fb:
23.76 K /In ^2 Fv:
14.40 K /In ^2 Defl: -0.594 In (NC) -1.177 In (Short) -1.396 In (Long 100.00% Sustained)
With 71 Per Cent Partial Composite Action:
Seff =
fb:
Fb:
23.59
23.76
116.011 In^3
K /In ^2
K /In ^2
Ieff =
2056.431
In^4 (Short)
Defl:
1532.106 In^4 (Long)

-1.243 In (Short)
-1.465
In (Long 100.00% Sustained)
Required Shear Connectors

=========================
Mid Span: Vh (Full Composite)
=
234.00
Between 0.000 Ft and 36.000 Ft, Spacing is
52 Studs Reqd
8.3 In (52)
Vh' (Partial Composite) =

165.60
36 Studs Reqd
12.0 In (36)
NOTE: Program Does Not Check Minimum Spacing Based on Stud Diameter or Minimum Resistance Reqd For Uplift
In Regions Where No Studs are Theorectically Required, Place Additional Studs at the Maximum Spacing Allowed
NON-COMPOSITE
Total Deflections Full Composite

Main Span (Short) :
-0.594
(Long) :
Allowable :
1.800
In
In
Live Load Deflections Full Composite

Main Span (Short) :
(Long) :
Allowable :
Total Deflections Partial Composite
Main Span (Short) :
-0.594
(Long) :
Allowable :
1.800
In
In
Live Load Deflections Partial Composite

Main Span (Short) :
(Long) :
Allowable :
D E F L E C T I O N S
LOAD COMB 1
-1.177
-1.396
1.800
In
In
In
-0.584
-0.803
1.200
In
In
In
-1.243
-1.465
1.800
In
In
In
-0.649
-0.871
1.200
In
In
In
LOAD COMB 2
LOAD COMB 3
LOAD COMB 4
NOTE: Deflections are calculated using constant value of I
34
35
Example 2
Design the beam as given in the AISC 1st Edition (LRFD) Manual of Steel Construction, Example 1
(pg 4-9)
1. Determine Moments and Shears

a. aS9 =
b. a99 =
c. a6 =
d. T6 =
.0
= 73.1

.
= 112.5

..0..

..0..

= 267.8
= 35.7
2. Calculate Section Properties

a. Effective Width
i.

= 90.0 .
ii. 10 12 = 120 . > 90 . U$%&'

b. Steel Section Properties (W16x31)
i. () = 47.2 .
ii. *+ = 9.12 .
iii. ,) = 375 .
iv. . = 15.88 .
c. Composite Properties
i.
/b
= 0c.d 0 = 12
/
ii. 345678 = = 7.5 .
iii. Using the methodology given in Example 1, ,BCDE = 1444.27 .

3. Calculate Deflections
35
36
a. =
01..0
/.1
1728 = 0.718 .
4. Determine Mn
a. eMf = 15.88 2 0.44 0.275 36 = 148.5
b. eM_ = 5.525 0.44 36 = 87.5
c. eM = 9.12 36 = 328.3
d. aEf = 0.25 148.5 15.88 2 0.44 = 556.9
e. aE_ = 87.5 15.88 0.44 = 1351
f. aE = 556.9 + 1351 = 1908
g. g = 328.3
h. X =
i.
j.
.
.0.0/
= 1.226 .
& = 0.5 15.88 + 6.25 0.5 1.226 = 13.58 .

aJ =
.0..0

= 315.8 267.8 OP
5. Determine Vn
a. TJ = 0.6 15.88 0.275 0.9 36 = 84.9 35.7 OP
6. Determine Shear Connectors
a. V =
.
/.
= 16.58 W& 17 &XY .& $ [X\[W[ [$[&
7. Determine Mn for Partial Composite Behavior

a. V = 22 W. 11 &XY .& $ [X\[W[ [$[&
b. TG = iJ = 11 19.8 = 217.8
1.
c. X = .0.0/ = 0.813 .
d. & =
0.
+

6.25
.

= 13.78 .
e. eM_ g = 217.8 eM

f.
aJ =
.0
kc

.A1.
l
1.0
328.3 217.8 k15.88 k
g. aJ = 273.6 267.8 OP
0.44l + 217.8 13.78l
36
37
To use Composite Steel Beam Design to solve the problem, follow the steps below:
1. Input Span Data:
a. Pick the Span Data command from the Edit menu, fill the dialog box as shown below:
b.
2. Input Composite Data:
a. Run the Composite Data command from the Edit menu, fill out the dialog box as shown
below:
b.
3. Input Design Parameters:
a. Run the Design Parameters command from the Edit menu, fill out the dialog box as
shown below:
37
38
b.
4. Input Loads:
a. Run the Uniform Loads command from the EditLoads menu:
b.
c. Make sure the Load Case is set to Non Composite, then click the New Load button, fill
out the dialog box as shown below:
d.
e. When you press OK, you will be returned to the Uniform Load Manager dialog box.
Change the Load Case to Live:
38
39
f.
g. Press the New Load button, fill out the dialog box as shown below:
h.
5. Input Load Combinations
a. Run the Load Combinations command from the EditLoads menu:
b.
c. Use the New and/or Edit buttons to create the load combinations show below:
d.
6. Run the Perform Design command from the Solve menu; the report below will display:
39
40

Job:
Beam ID:
Time:
2:31 PM 7/24/2008
Designed By:
Checked By:
Program:
Composite Steel Beam 2.0
C O M P O S I T E
Description:
===========
Code: AISC (1990)
Design Method: LRFD
Main Span Length:

Beam Spacing
:
Slab Thickness :
Fy
:
Max Stress Ratio:
Rebar, Fy
:
Density
:
Modular Ratios
Short Term
:
NON-COMPOSITE
Wind/Earthquake Included:
Check Deflection:
S T E E L
B E A M
D E S I G N
Type: Composite Beam - Shored
30.000 Ft
10.000
6.250
36
1.000
60
115.000
Ft
In
K /In ^2
Deck Thickness
:
Total Load Deflection Limit:
Live Load Deflection Limit :
Concrete, f'c
:
Stud Capacity
:
K /In ^2
Lb/Ft ^3
12.000
Long Term
E C H O
O F
DEAD
L O A D
I N P U T
LIVE
No
Yes
WIND
3.000
L/240.00
L/360.00
3.5
19.800
In
K /In ^2
K
36.000
EARTHQUAKE
ROOF
No
Yes
Main Span
=========
# 1
Uniform Load:
Distance to Begin:
End:
-0.650 K /Ft
0.000 Ft
30.000 Ft
0.000 K /Ft
0.000 Ft
0.000 Ft
-1.000 K /Ft
0.000 Ft
30.000 Ft
C R I T I C A L
S H E A R S
&
M O M E N T S
NON-COMPOSITE
LOAD COMB 1
LOAD COMB 2
LOAD COMB 3
Load Combination
Shear
Moment
Shear
Moment
# 1:
Left End:
Left End:
Right End:
Right End:
Maximum Moment:
Located at:
Max Deflection I=1000:
Located at:
Non-Composite Part:
LOAD COMB 4
1.200 x Non-Comp + 1.600 x Live

35.700
0.000
-35.700
0.000
267.750
15.000
-1.037
15.000
-0.408
K
K -Ft
K
K -Ft
K -Ft
Ft
In
Ft
In
40
41
Inflection Points:
Reaction
Reaction
Left End:
Right End:
0.000
30.000
Ft
Ft
35.700
35.700
K
K
S E C T I O N
P R O P E R T I E S
Non-Composite Section Properties for W16x31

Ix =
375.000 In^3
Zx =
54.000
In^3
Composite Section Properties (Beff = 90.00 In)

Ix (Short) =
1444.270 In^4 Ix (Long) =
1060.543
In^4
Ix (Stress) =
1540.350
In^4
C R I T I C A L
F O R C E S
NON-COMPOSITE
LOAD COMB 1
LOAD COMB 2
LOAD COMB 3
LOAD COMB 4
Check of W16x31
================
Main Span
=========
Composite Factored Actual/*Nominal Bending Strength

267.750
315.858
K -Ft
K -Ft
Partial Composite *Nominal Strength

273.788
K -Ft
Composite Factored Actual/*Nominal Shear Strength

35.700
84.894
K
K
* Indicates That Nominal Resistance Includes Appropriate Phi Factor
C R I T I C A L
F O R C E S
S U M M A R Y
Main Span
=========
W16x31
Loc: COMP
Stress Ratio:
0.85
Load Comb:
1 Defl. Ratio: L/ 368
Load Comb: 1
====================================================================================================================================
Mu:
267.75 K -Ft
Vu:
35.70 K
Weight:
0.93 K
*Mn:
315.86 K -Ft
*Vn:
84.89 K
Defl:
0.000 In (NC) -0.718 In (Short) -0.978 In (Long 100.00% Sustained)
With 67 Per Cent Partial Composite Action:
Ieff =
1245.898
Mu:
267.75 K -Ft
*Mn:
273.79 K -Ft
In^4
(Short)
933.361 In^4 (Long)

Defl:
-0.832
In (Short)
-1.111
In (Long 100.00%% Sustained)
* Indicates That Nominal Resistance Includes Appropriate Phi Factor
Required Shear Connectors

=========================
Mid Span: Vh (Full Composite)
=
328.32
34 Studs Reqd
10.6 In (34)
41
42
Vh' (Partial Composite) =

217.80
22 Studs Reqd
16.4 In (22)
NOTE: Program Does Not Check Minimum Spacing Based on Stud Diameter or Minimum Resistance Reqd For Uplift
In Regions Where No Studs are Theorectically Required, Place Additional Studs at the Maximum Spacing Allowed
NON-COMPOSITE
D E F L E C T I O N S
LOAD COMB 1
Total Deflections Full Composite

Main Span (Short) :
(Long) :
Allowable :
-0.718
-0.978
1.500
In
In
In
Live Load Deflections Full Composite

Main Span (Short) :
(Long) :
Allowable :
-0.435
-0.593
1.000
In
In
In
Total Deflections Partial Composite

Main Span (Short) :
(Long) :
Allowable :
-0.832
-1.111
1.500
In
In
In
Live Load Deflections Partial Composite

Main Span (Short) :
(Long) :
Allowable :
-0.504
-0.673
1.000
In
In
In
LOAD COMB 2
LOAD COMB 3
LOAD COMB 4
NOTE: Deflections are calculated using constant value of I
42
43
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Composite Steel Beam Design

Digital Canal Corporation

Composite Steel Beam Design

Copyright 2008 by Digital Canal Corporation. All rights reserved.

Composite Steel Beam Design

Composite Steel Beam Design

Press the Unlock button to complete the process.

Authorization Codes FAQs

Composite Steel Beam Design

Software product and version

Composite Steel Beam Design

Composite Steel Beam Design

Beams designed on the basis of the steel section working alone.

Type 1: Beam Only

Type 2 & 3: Encased Composite Beams

Type 4: Composite Beams With Shear Connectors

When using LRFD the following procedure is used:

Composite Steel Beam Design

Calculation of Stud Spacing

Calculation of Bottom Flange Cover Plate Cutoff

Composite Steel Beam Design

Composite Steel Beam Design

Composite Steel Beam Design

Span Data dialog box definitions:

Composite Steel Beam Design

Composite Data dialog box definitions:

Composite Beam Type

Beam Only: design based on steel section working alone.

The compressive strength of the concrete.

Overall Slab Thickness

Spacing C.C. Adj. Beam

If a metal deck is used, input its thickness.

Composite Steel Beam Design

Design Parameters dialog box definitions:

Choose between detailed and summary reports.

The yield stress of the beam.

Rebar Yield, Fyr

The yield stress of the reinforcing bars (i.e. support reinforcement).

Composite Steel Beam Design

Maximum Stress Ratio

Long Term Live Load

Cover Plate Required

Thickness (Cover Plate)

The thickness of the Cover Plate.

Width (Cover Plate)

The width of the Cover Plate.

Composite Steel Beam Design

Load Manager dialog box definitions:

The load case drop list specifies the load type.

The Delete Load button permanently deletes the selected load.

Composite Steel Beam Design

Loads | End Moments

New End Moment Load dialog box definitions:

The description is an optional alpha-numeric label used to identify the load.

Composite Steel Beam Design

Loads | Concentrated Loads

New Concentrated Load dialog box definitions:

The description is an optional alpha-numeric label used to identify the load.

Composite Steel Beam Design

Loads | Uniform Loads

New Uniform Load dialog box definitions:

The description is an optional alpha-numeric label used to identify the load.

Loads | Linear Loads

Composite Steel Beam Design

= 108 . > 8 12 = 96 . #$%&'

*+9:; = 10.335 4 2 = 20.667

ii. ,BCDE = 2267.89 .

= 9.15 < 0.66LM = 23.76 OP

< 0.66LM = 23.76 OP

< 0.45LB = 1.35 OP

= 25.4 < 0.9LM = 32.4 OP

1. 8 = ..0 = 3.50 < 0.4LM = 14.4 OP

a. S9 = / 1728 = 0.59 .

b. 99 = /0. 1728 = 0.58 .

c. +GCHI = 0.59 + 0.58 = 1.17 .

= 234 U$%&'

= 25.4 W& 26 &XY .& $ [X\[W[ [$[&

b. TG = 234 ] ./A. ^ = 158

= 17.2 W& 18 W.

d. TG = 18 9.2 = 165.6

e. (4__ = 81.6 + ` 122.49 81.6 = 116 .

g. ,4__ = 843 + ` 2285.4 843 = 2056.4

h. 6 = 0.58 0. = 0.64 .