OTC-19455

Mature offshore fields rejuvenation via long reach wells and

massive hydraulic fracturing: the Kitina case history
F. Okassa, L. Tealdi, , D. Baldini, A. Casero,H.Malonga, D. Isella, A. Baioni, L. Riccobon, G. Obondoko, F. Itoua
Konga, F. Pounga, M. Rampoldi, Eni Congo
Copyright 2008, Offshore Technology Conference
This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2008 Offshore Technology Conference held in Houston, Texas, U.S.A., 58 May 2008.
This paper was selected for presentation by an OTC program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not been
reviewed by the Offshore Technology Conference and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Offshore Technology Conference, its
officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Offshore Technology Conference is prohibited. Permission to
reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of OTC copyright.

Abstract
Many West Africa Offshore Fields are maturing and operators are completing secondary targets in their wells to
maintain the economic operation of their valuable assets. However, the capital expenditure associated to this kind
of interventions of critical importance. It follows that the selection of the right and most remunerative well activities
is crucial.
In the Kitina Field, offshore from Pointe Noire, Congo, deeper sands have been produced to economic depletion
and reservoir studies allowed the determination of alternative production intervals for production maintenance.
Large quantities of reserves can be found in low permeability, consolidated, formations as well as in very deep and
remote culminations.
From March 2007 to June 2007, the Kitina field production increased of 80% reaching a production level lost since
early 2004. This was achieved by infilling the Kitina South culmination with the long reach and ultra deep well KTMSM5 and via a massive multistage hydraulic fracturing campaign carried out on the three wells draining the low
permeability 3A reservoir. These represented the first applications in Congo of such technology. Eight hydraulic
propped fractures were placed in three re-completed, cased-hole wells in the with very encouraging production
improvements. A stabilized production increase ranging from 2 to 3 times was achieved.
The paper describes the unique reservoir modeling, operation geology, and drilling, completion and production
challenges encountered in the 2007 Kitina successful rejuvenation campaign. In particular, it focuses on the
successful multi-stage hydraulic fracture campaign carried out on four wells of the Kitina 3A reservoir from the
preliminary design and production forecast pre-job to the reservoir model history match and forecast phase postjob.

Introduction
The Kitina Marine, Congolese offshore field, has been discovered through the exploration well KTNM-1 in 1991.
Two appraisal wells were drilled later on which confirmed the discovery. The fields production starts up took place
in December 14th 1997 via 13 wells (8 oil producers and 5 potentially water injectors).
The Kitina field is composed by the following 5 levels:
3A limestone , sandstone with silty clay
2A Limestone: Oolitic Grainstone/Packstone, bioclastic with good intergranular porosity and intercalation
of sandstone with carbonate cement.
2A South Culmination: Oolitic Grainstone/Packstone, bioclastic with good intergranular porosity and
intercalation of sandstone with carbonate cement.

[OTC-19455]

1A - Sandstone with carbonate cement and limestone.

1B Sandstone with carbonate cement and limestone

Three reservoirs 2A, 1A and 1B were originally drained via a peripheral water injection scheme and a crestal gas
injection. The intial production rate of the field was around 50,000 BOPD (1997) thereafter a 10 years period drop
to 7,000 BOPD.
Due to the field depletion, some wells have been put under an artificial lift system, initially with ESP and now with
gaslift. In terms of recovery factor for each reservoir, it has been evaluated at about 15% for the 1B reservoir and
between 25-30% of 1A and 2A. As it could be noticed the potentiality of the field is still high. In order to start up a
rejuvenation process of the fields it has been decided to perform a full review of the field potentialities which ended
up by an ambitious plan made up as follow:
Optimize the recovery of the reservoir 3A (previously considered as marginal due to the low permeability
and low production rates of the 3 wells already completed) via a massive hydraulic fracturing campaign
Drill a long reach and ultra deep well (KTM-SM5) on the south Kitinas field structure in the level 2A, south
culmination.

Reservoir 3A
The evaluation of the productive potential of the reservoir 3A has been studied doing a correlation with a similar
sequence of an other field, Sounda Marine field, located 8km EST from Kitina. This level has been identified as
composed of silts with intercalation of sandstone and clays. The formation permeability to oil is ranging form 2 to 7
mD.
Three existing wells have been completed (KTM-W6ST, KTM-107 and KTM-111) in this reservoir from 2005 to
2006. Everyone was producing in natural flow but completed with gaslift mandrel in order to accelerate the well
clean up during the start up production phase. The reservoir 3A oil production potential, from those three wells, has
been of around 800 BOPD. At their steady-state flow, the oil production rate was as flow:

KTM W6 ST 160 BOPD

KTM 107
130 BOPD
KTM 111
300 BOPD

Subsequently the production rate of those three (3) wells progressively declined until heading to the non
economical plateau. In order to propose an in-depth solution to this production decline a study was carried out by
Eni Congo and Eni E&P with the aim to re-establish the reservoir 3A production to a viable economic level (more
than 1500 BOPD) without drilling new wells or performing heavy workover operations. Due to this operation
contraints and also linked to the ecomical aspect, only a rigless operation could be possible. Considering the fact
that the reservoir 3A is composed of soft sand, it has been proposed to study the hydraulic fracturation method.
Study results shown that a multi stage fracturation with a half length of 45 m would improve the production rate of
at least two times in steady state. Additional reserves increase to 3.7 Mbbl. The work over cost was optimized by
taking into consideration the presence of the Barraccuda a tender assited rig. The Net present value of each
intervention vary from 21M$ to 34 M$ with a pay out time ranging from 3 to 4 months.
With those hypotheses, additional reserves 2P associated to the three interventions are of 3.7 Mbbls, as previously
mentioned, with 0.57 Mbbl in 2007 (see tabl.)
KBBL/AN
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
TOTAL [KBBL]

KTM-111ST
220
245
163
152
128
117
100
93
77
73
67
55
25
1515

KTM-W6ST2
200
240
128
124
98
80
72
58
53
42
35
30
15
1175

KTM-107ST
150
165
103
102
82
78
65
60
57
48
45
40
17
1012

TOTAL [KBBL]
570
650
394
378
308
275
237
211
187
163
147
125
57
3702

Tab.1 Increment of the annual production 2P associated to the hydraulic fracturations interventions respect to the

[Paper Number]

case Do Nothing

It has been noticed that 15-20% the reserves are already recoverable in 2007. The best productivity of the 3 wells
requires an acceleration of the recuperation during the contractual period with an increase of the reserves of the
estimated reservoir 3A like follows:
Reserve P1: + 1.5 Mbbl @ 20-06-2019 (end of the license)
Reserve P2: + 2.2 Mbbl @ 20-06-2019 (end of the license)
Reserve 2P: + 3.7 Mbbl @ 20-06-2019 (end of the license).
Below are summarize results of the study

Period 2007-2019

KTM-111ST

KTM-W6ST2

KTM-107ST

TOTAL

Additionnal reserves [Mstb]

1.5

1.2

3.7

NPV [M$]

34.5

29.8

21.0

85.3

Tab.3 Main results associated to the interventions of hydraulic fracturation

Principal observations:
The NPV is very interested for all wells (21-34 M $).
25% of the NPV are already achieved in 2007 and the 75% remaining will be recovered completely
before 2010.
The investment is recovered during the same year 2007 (pay-out time = 3-4 months/well.
The most profitable well is KTM-111 followed the KTM-W6ST2 and KTM-107ST.
The economic assessment is assured to annul the NPV in 4 years, it is necessary that the additional reserves
are 15-20% of those valued in the Tab.1.

Reservoir 3A hydraulic fracturing

.Results of the study put the evidence in the need to perform multi-fracture on each well in order to optimize the
production on each of them. This solution was considered as very challenging, giving the possibility to create a
good flow patterns for the oil from this low permeability reservoir. A rough evaluation of the needs has shown a
necessity to perform a multi-fracture stage technic in order to reach targeted production objectives. For this reason
the Continuous Pumping Multi-Stage System (CPMSS) technique was selected.
The CPMSS allows pumping multiple hydraulic fracturing treatments without the need of intermediate operation
such as bridge plugs or proppant plugs (run in hole, set, retrieve, and mill or clean) and perforate each interval with
multiple TCP or wire-line operations. The CPMSS hardware is a permanent bottom hole assembly that is run and
set into the hole after all the intervals requiring fracturing treatment have been perforated. This parcularity allows
the placement in the formation of multiple treatments with a continuous pumping operation; the limiting factor is
represented by the amount of proppant that can be stored in the silos (or equivalent storage system) and the
amount of fluid available.
This system is a series of external, mechanical element packers that can be screwed to the deployed liner in
stategic places for isolation; between each of the packers is a sliding sleeve referred to as a frac port. The use of
the packers allows the wellbore to be segmented into selected areas for stimulation. Packers of a specified size
can be used in either cased hole to straddle perforations or in open hole wellbores to segment that type of
completion.
The method of selectively opening the frac port is to drop progressively larger diameter ceramic balls that land on a
beveled seat below each of the ports. The seating ball allows sufficient pressure to be applied to create a down
force that will shift the sleeve to the open position while isolating the previously placed fractures of the ports at
deeper depths.
The KTM W6 ST was the first well to be fracture stimulated on the Kitina platform, two fractures generated, ,
100,756 lb of 20/40 Intermediate strength, light-weight, ceramic proppant (ISP) was placed in the lower-most
interval and 106,154 lb of 20/40 ISP was placed into the middle perforated interval. on April 13, 2007.
The second candidate well was KTM 111; three fractures were generated, the fractures of the lower and middle
intervals were pumped on May 17th 2007. 185,000 lbs of ISP 94,105 lb of 20/40 ISP was placed in the lower-most

[OTC-19455]

interval and 91,528 lb of 20/40 ISP was placed into the middle perforated interval. The third fracture treatment was
placed three days later with 178,802 pounds of 20-40 ISP.
The third candidate well was KTM 107, this well also had three intervals but the lowermost perforations were close
to an Oil Water Contact so it was decided that the lowermost perforations would have a packer above the lower
perforations, the port opened, but the interval would not be fractured. Two factures were generated, the fracture of
the middle intervals occurred on June 9, 2007 and was performed as expected and placed the designed 99,000 lbs
of ISP into the middle interval. Eight days after the initial propped fracture, a mini-frac with a step down was
pumped. It was determined that the well was behaving normally and a pumping schedule was created. 133,000 lbs
of proppant was placed.

Kitina 3A: production Results and Post Frac analysis

The production of the reservoir 3A prior to the fracturing campaign was of around 600 BOPD. The following production
increases were realized with the improved fractured production (Table 4):

WELL NAME
num. frac
reservoir
permeability

Q oil
PRE-FRAC
[BOPD]

Q oil initial
POST FRAC
[BOPD]

Q oil steadystate
POST FRAC
[BOPD]

160

2100
(x 10)

600
(X3)

+ 400 BOPD

300

900
(x 3)

650
(X2)

+ 350 BOPD

130

1000
(x 7)

700
(X4)

+ 550 BOPD

KTM-W6
(3 fracs)
Kitina 3A
(10 md)

KTM-111
(3 fracs)
Kitina 3A
(10 md)

KTM-107
(2 fracs)
Kitina 3A
(10 md)

DELTA steady state

[BOPD]

Table 4 Pre and post frac production results

An overall steady-state increase (after 90 days) for these three wells from 600 to 1950 BOPD for a Fold of Increase (FOI) of
3.3 (+230%) (Figure1). A further production decline is expected. However, stabilization to a long term FOI of 2-2.5 is
foreseen.
2400

400

Kitina - Level 3A

2100

350
300

Qo

1500

250
FRAC

1200

200

900

150

600

100

300

50

0
Dec-04

Dec-05
Qo [BOPD]

Dec-06
GOR [Sm3/m3]

G O R /10 & W C

1800

0
Dec-07

WC [%]

Figure1: Reservoir 3A pre and post frac production performance

[Paper Number]

Long reach well KTMSM5

Reservoir 2A-South
The reservoir 2A of the Kitina south structure has been discovered in 1992 with the explorative well KTNSM-1. The
well met minarilized zones of the sequence 2 included in the Sendji carbonate formation (albien). Two appraisal
wells (KTNSM-2 and KTNSM-3) were drillied respectively in 1993 and 1997. The fourth well, KTNSM-4, was drilled
in 1998. In the same year, the well KTNSM-3 has been put in production, which was the only producing will of the
field.
The Kitina South structure is characterized by two different culminations which in the shallowest sequences
contained different hydrocarbon: Oil (37.5 API) in the northern culmination and condensate gas (56.1API) in the
southern one. The deepest sequence (sequence 1) is characterized by a more complex reservoir fluid distribution,
vertically and also horizontally. At the present time this zone of the structure has not been yet developed.
The sequence 2 from a lithological stand point is composed principally of deposits of mitritic carbonate and silty
pelagic with low permeability.
Reservoir 2A-South: Infilling with the long-reach well KTM-SM5 well

An integrated study was done on the 2A level by ENI E&P and delivered to Eni Congo in May 2006.
The scope of the study was to perform the revision of the seismic of the reservoir, the structural interpretation, a
sedimentological study, the geochemistry and the study of the reservoir with a geological characterisation and
dynamic modalisation.
Concerning the reservoir study, the mains results are summarized in the following table.5 which the hydrocarbon in
place:

Level
sequence 2

OOIP [Mstb]

OGIP [MSm3]

2Aeq

11.89(*)

4850

2A3

21.73

2A4

5.41

2A5

21.14

TOTAL

48.28

4850

Table.5
Dynamic model
1) Construction of the dynamic model
The dynamic model has been constructed according to the hypothesis that levels 2A3 and 2A4 are in hydraulic
communication whereas the level 2A5 is separated.
The level L 2Aeq mineralised with condensate gas is completely separated from other levels.The southern
culmination of level 2A3 has a different hydraulic flow regime.
Therefore, four (4) balanced region are used in the field model
Data from RFT and DST have been used for the construction of the dynamic model.
2) History match
For the history match, production data from KTNSM3 have been used. The matched was obtained by adjusting the
aquifer parameters.
The selected cases of the production forecast are as follow:
a) Do nothing
b) New infilling well (KTNSM5)
c) New infilling well + water injector
d) New infilling well multi lateral

[OTC-19455]

e) New infilling well multi lateral+ water injector

f) New infilling well multi lateral + conversion of the KTNSM3 as water injector
Associated recoverable reserves and R.F are summerized on the table.6 below:

Reserves @ 01-01-2022
[Mbbls]

R.F.
[%]

a) Do nothing

5.65

11.7

b) KTNSM5

7.48

15.5

c) KTNSM5 + WI

8.24

17.1

d) Bi-drain

7.64

15.8

e) Bi-drain + WI

9.00

18.7

f) Bi-drain + Conv. KTNSM3 Inj

8.26

17.1

Case

Table.6
The balance between the economic and the RF associated to the intervention proposed showed that it was more
advantageous to drill and put in production the well KTNSM5. The expected production trend is presented in the
following graphs.

Fig.2: Production forecast

[Paper Number]

KTM-SM5 well challenges

The well KTMSM5 was drilled and completed according to the completion schematic (fig.3) in 2005. Due to the
position of the Kitina platform with respect to the projected entry point (in the reservoir 2A of the south structure) a
long reach well of 20260 ft was done. The well went across the 2A level with a total length of 1312 ft and a
maximum inclination of 70 degrees. The well has been completed with 27/8 tubing and gaslift mandrels.
The drilling and completion program have been respected for a total duration of 100 days. With respect to the
provisional schedule the well has been put in production 25 days earlier which in turn allowed in having an
anticipated production in the level 2A3, 2A4 and 2A5 of the sequence 2 (see fig.4)
COMPLETION SKETCH
8 mars 2006

DATE:

SINGLE COMPLETION

VERTICAL

ICGP

GRAVEL SIZE: 20/40

OHGP

String weight down

ARPO 20 / C

DEVIATED

Open hole / Slotted Casing Size:

[tons]

Top:

[m]

7''

Bottom:

Type of packer fluid:

[m]

Density:

75

100

Casing

125

Model type

I.D.

Depth

14.33

Actual

500

-lbs.
lbs.

HYDRAULIC PERMANENT

1000

COMPLETION STRING
Tubing

lb/ft

3-1/2
2-7/8''

9.30
6.50

Bottom (m)

L-80
L-80

53,5
29

CSG/LIN OD
TOP AT mt
SHOE AT mt
CEM UP mt
7'' @

4800 m

LINER HANGER :
LINER HANGER :
CASINGS CHARACTERISTICS
STEEL

L-80
L-80

THRD

AMS28
BTC

6175

lbf/ft

D mm

53,5
29
#

CEMENTED 7'' LINERl:

Top (mMD)
Bottom (mMD)Level
PERFORATED 5'' LINERl:
Top (mMD)
Bottom (mMD)Level
:
:
:

Steel Gr.

S.V

Down to

247

250
5015

L-80
L-80

-ftlbs

REF

S. Grade Top (m)

LINER HANGER :

Nom. O.D.

1500

API 5A-2
Tools

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

Tbg-Hgr vetco ,cwct,single 13-3/8 x 4-1/2 hyd

X-O 4-1/2 HYD CS PIN X 4" 1/2 NEW VAM PIN
X-OVER 4" 1/2 NEW VAM BOX X 3-1/2" HYD-CS PIN
PUP JOINT 3-1/2 HYD CS L-80
TUBING JOINT 3-1/2 HYD CS L-80 N 24
PUP JOINT 3-1/2 HYD CS L-80
SV S/ 2.812" BA Prof 3-1/2 HYD
PUP JOINT 3-1/2 HYD CS L-80
X-OVER 3-1/2'' HYD CS B X 2-7/8 HYD CS PIN
TUBING JOINT 2-7/8 6,5 # HYD CS L-80
PUP JOINT 2-7/8 HYD CS BOX X NEW VAM PIN 6,5 # L-80
1 G,LIFT MANDREL + KICK OFF VALVE 2-7/8'' NEW VAM
PUP JOINT 2-7/8 NEW VAM BOX X HYD CS PIN 6,5# L-80
TUBING JOINT 2-7/8 6,5 # HYD CS L-80
PUP JOINT 2-7/8 HYD CS BOX X NEW VAM PIN 6,5 # L-80
2 G,LIFT MANDREL + KICK OFF VALVE 2-7/8'' NEW VAM
PUP JOINT 2-7/8 NEW VAM BOX X HYD CS PIN 6,5# L-80
TUBING JOINT 2-7/8 6,5 # HYD CS L-80
PUP JOINT 2-7/8 HYD CS BOX X NEW VAM PIN 6,5 # L-80
3 G,LIFT MANDREL + KICK OFF VALVE 2-7/8'' NEW VAM
PUP JOINT 2-7/8 NEW VAM BOX X HYD CS PIN 6,5# L-80
TUBING JOINT 2-7/8 6,5 # HYD CS L-80
PUP JOINT 2-7/8 HYD CS L-80
X-OVER '2-7/8 HYD CS B X 3-1/2' HYD CS PIN
K-22 ANCHOR LATCH 3-1/2'' HYD CS BOX UP
PACKER TM-5 9-5/8''
MILLOUT EXTENSION 7"5/8 LTC PIN XPIN
CASING SUB 7"5/8 LTC BOX X 3-1/2" HYD-CS PIN
PUP JOINT 3-1/2 HYD CS L-80
TUBING JOINT 3-1/2" 9,3# HYD-CS L-80
PUP JOINT 3-1/2 HYD CS L-80
3-1/2'' HYD CS HYDRO TRIP MODEL ''E'' ID =2,5 '' & 2,95 ''
PUP JOINT 3-1/2 HYD CS L-80 3-1/2 HYD CS
34 PERFORATED PUP JOINT 3-1/2 HYD CS L-80
35 WIRE LINE ENTRY GUIDE 3,5'' HYD CS

ID

OD

4.06
4.06
2.99
2.99
2.99
2.99
2.81
2.99
2.44
2.44
2.44
2.35
2.44
2.44
2.44
2.35
2.44
2.44
2.44
2.35

13.37
4.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
5.00
3.50
3.90
2.875
2.875
4.75
2.875
3.50
2.875
4.75
2.875
3.50
2.875
4.75

2.44
2.44
2.44
2.44
4.78
4.75

2.99
2.99
2.99
2.50
2.99
2.99
2.99

DEPTH

14.33
14.66
A
15.13
16.54
242.50
245.39
247.37
248.78
B
249.89
987.46
988.10
990.16
990.83
C
2024.40
2025.03
2027.08
2027.85
2819.88
2820.52
2822.58
2.875 2823.35
2.875 4511.57
2.875 4513.46
3.90 4514.33
7.00 4515.03 PKR
8.28 4516.89
4518.77 9-5/8''
4519.07
3.50 4520.53 LNR HGR
3.50 5734.41
3.50 5736.38 SHOE
5736.97
3.50 5738.42 7''-29 #
3.50

5741.35
5750.70

2000
GLM

990,16

GLM

2027,08

2500

GLM

9-5/8''

SHOE

Bottom (mMD) Level

3000

3500

4000

4500

4516.89
SC-2PAH

5000

5500
4546
H
00
00
00
00

LNR HGR

PERFORATED DEPTH

2822.58

Measured Depth (m)

Thread
HYD-CS
HYD-CS
MAKE UP TORQUE :

PRODUCTION CASING

Top (mMD)

50

SIZE
TYPE

lb/ft

GUNS OD
TYPE OF CHARGE
SHOOT DENSITY

Manufact.

25

Plan

TUBING HANGER
WELL HEAD

9-5/8"
7"
5''

Packer
Nom. O.D.

DESCRIPTION

TO m

Time (Days)

[kg/l]

BARRACUDA

X-MAS TREE
BONNET
BACK PRESSURE VALVE

OD NOM

KTSM5
Time vs Depth

ESP

Filtered

Well deviation [max.]:

5,000 - psi working pressure

- mMDORKB
SHEAR RELEASE VALUE:
SHEAR RELEASE VALUE

WELL HEAD

9-5/8" AMS
BTC
7"

SELECTIVE

[in]

GENERAL INFORMATIONS

Nom OD Thd

12J5B9011

Account

HORIZONTAL

40/60

[tons]

[y/n]

no

DRILLING PERIOD
RIG USED
RT/TIE DOWN
WELL HEAD RATING
TOTAL DEPTH
TOP CMT (COLLAR)
BRIDGE PLUG
ANNULUS FLUID
BTM CHECKED ON
GEOG COORD LAT
GEOG COORD LONG

KITINA SM-5

WELL NAME

String weight up

Make up report

KITINA

FIELD NAME

Eni Congo
Affiliate Company

GROUP

0000
0000

4800

6000

LINER

6500
5744
5808

5''' SLOT 0000 LINER

0000
0000
0000

6175
NOTES :
NOTA BENE = COTES GAS LIFT MANDREL
1 G L MAND KICK-OFF VALVE ORIF 8/64 '' OP,PRES DE 94,2 A 96,2 BARS
2 G L MAND KICK-OFF VALVE ORIF 8/64 '' OP,PRES DE 92 A 94 BARS
3 G L MAND GAS LIFT VALVE ORIF 14/64 ''

Rig Supervisor
N.MARCHAL/H.MANTINOU

DEPTH

A
B
C

Super Intendant
FRANCOIS POUNGA

Fig.3: KTMSM5 schematic

Fig.4: Drilling and completion schedule

Kitina South production performances

The well KTNMS5 was put in production on March 13th 2007, with an initial production of 2500 bopd with zero
watercut. The actual production rate is 2,095 bopd with 4% watercut. The production is well above the forecasted
figure. (see Fig.5)

Actual production

Oil rate

WC

Fig.5: Actual production Vs Forecasted Production

Forecasted production

[OTC-19455]

CONCLUSION
50000

Qo [BOPD]

45000

FIELD OF KITINA

40000
35000

Qo

30000

Production increased of
5000 bopd

25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
dc-97

dc-98

dc-99

dc-00

dc-01

dc-02

dc-03

dc-04

dc-05

dc-06

Qo [BOPD]

Fig.6: Kitina production history

The drilling and completion of KTMSM5 and the screenless multistage hydraulic fracturation allowed increasing
significantly the total oil rate / production of Kitina field. This has proven that the massive frac job and drilling the
long-reach well are giving positive results. As can be seen in Fig.6 the oil production has been increased by
100%.( 5000 bopd) within a 6 month period.
This showed that even in a matured field with high RF, we can still find intervention methods that optimize
further its production with acceptable risks and challenges.

Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Eni Congo management, its different technical departments for permission and
encouraging the implementation the project.
We would also like to thank everyone who has contributed to the said project with their constructive comments.

[Paper Number]

References
1. Bagzis, J.M., et al: Optimized Hydraulic Fracturing Improves Oil Production in the NDola Field, Offshore
Angola, SPE 49108 presented at the 1998 Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in New Orleans,
LA, USA, 27-30, September 1998.
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