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Ozone depletion
Global climate change
Mesopause
Stratopause
Tropopause
4
Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere
extends from the Earths surface up to the
tropopause, which is at 10 to 15 km
contains about 90% of the total mass of
the atmosphere
divided into the boundary layer (from the
surface to above 0.5 -3 km) and the free
troposphere, which is rest of the
troposphere
5
Stratosphere
Extends from the tropopause to the stratopause
(~45-50 km)
Contains natural ozone layer which absorbs
ultraviolet sunlight
Mesosphere
Extends from the stratopause to the mesopause
(~80-90 km)
Thermosphere
The region above the mesopause
6
Trace Gases
Greenhouse
Gases
Gas
% by volume ppm
Nitrogen (N2)
78.1
Oxygen (O2)
20.9
Argon (Ar)
0.9
ppm by year
2000
Neon (Ne)
18.2
Helium (He)
5.2
Krypton (Kr)
1.14
Xenon (Xe)
0.09
Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
280.0
360.0
Methane (CH4)
0.75
1.75
0.27
0.31
7
10
Lead
Ozone (O3)
- precursors: NOx, VOCs, etc.
Secondary
Pollutants
12
13
14
NADP
http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/
15
16
Secondary Standards
Pollutant
Level
Averaging Time
9 ppm
8-hour
35 ppm
1-hour
0.15 g/m3
Same as Primary
1.5 g/m3
Quarterly Average
Same as Primary
53 ppb
Annual
Same as Primary
100 ppb
1-hour
None
PM10
150 g/m3
24-hour
Same as Primary
PM2.5
15 g/m3
Annual
Same as Primary
35 g/m3
24-hour
Same as Primary
0.075 ppm
8-hour
Same as Primary
0.12 ppm
1-hour
Same as Primary
0.03 ppm
Annual
0.14 ppm
24-hour
75 ppb
1-hour
Lead (Pb)
Nitrogen Nioxide (NO2)
Ozone
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Level
Averaging
Time
None
0.5 ppm
3-hour
18
None
19
Control Action
1970
1974
1975
1983
1990
1992
1994
20
21
22