Teacher makes use resources that can be access and it will save teachers and school budget
Teachers personal touch will motivate and engage the students with the lesson
Individual needs Resources available
Teacher design materials for a specific group of
students
Personalizat ion
Organisatio n
ADVANTAGES
Contextualizati on
Time
Manageable in designing and producing the materials, sharing them with other teachers Aware of the restrictions that copyright laws place on the copying of authentic materials, published materials and materials downloaded from internet
The materials could
be incoherent and lacking a unifying theme
Errors, lack durability,
and unclear
DISADVANTAGES
DESIGNING EFFECTIVE ELT MATERIALS
Time
Learners FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING MATERIALS
Time constrain in designing and organizing the materials
Students needs, interests, motivation, specific individual needs and their purposes of learning
Curriculum and context
Copyright compliances
Determine teachers willingness
to embark on materials development: e.g replace or adapt the materials, add or leave out activitie s etc
Quality
Personal confidence and competence
Resouces and facilities
Suitable to the goals
and objective in a curriculum
Be realistic in order to think about the resources available in the context of teaching.
The materials should be
flexible in terms of content and should offer a wide range of possibilities from which students can choose
Language should be used for
real and purposeful communication
CONTEXTUALIZATION STIMULATE INTERACTION
Help students to learn how to learn both inside and outside the classroom, fostering their aotonomy and self assessment
DEVELOPING LEARNING SKILLS
FLEXIBLE INSTRUCTIONS
Instructions should be clear, simple, short, to the point and one at the time
Curriculum Students experiences, realities and first languages Topics and themes
GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING EFFECTIVE ELT MATERIALS
ATTRACTIVE
FORM AND FUNCTION
LINK TO EACH OTHER
AUTHENTIC
All the tasks and activities
designed should be interrelated and organised following a specific patternems. in oeder to develop a progression of skills, understandings and language items
INTEGRATING
Should be attractive as regards physical appearance, userfriendliness, durability and ability to reproduced
Authentic in terms of the
texts presented (written, spoken and visual) and also the tasks they should carry out
Offer opportunities to integrate the four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing
Form and function are intrinsically interrelated. Hence one cannot be separated from the other
Rogers (1988) : appropriate and
quality in terms of goals, objectives, learner needs and interest and natural in terms of real life and meaningful communication
Harmer (1991) : materials
which are designed for native speakers; they are real text; designed not for language students, but for speakers of the language.
Often contain difficult
language, unneeded vocabulary items Contain complex language structures
Jordan (1997) : texts
that are not written for language teaching purposes
DEFINITIONS
DISADVANTAGES
Have positive effect on
learner motivation
ADVANTAGES
Provide authentic cultural information
AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
Burden for the teachers
in lower-level classes
support a more creative approach to teaching
Too culturally biassed
and mixed structures Can cause the lower-levels have hard time decoding the texts Encourage students to read for pleasure Using audiovisual materials
Guariento & Morley (2001):
authentic materials is significant since it increases students motivation for learning, makes the learner be exposed to the real language.
Use popular and traditional songs
WHEN TO USE?
OVERCOME DIFFICULTIES
Chaves (1998)
Within students ability
Introduce materials from students own subject area
They need pedagogical support
Starts since learners interact with the real language and its use
Provide exposure to real language
Relate more closely to
learners needs
Postintermediate level (Gueriento &Morley)
Master a wide range of vocabulary
Master all of the structures in target language
SELECTING AND DEVELOPING TEACHING/LEARNING MATERIALS
