Energy Yield Forecast PVP Giurgiu 28MWp v2

Energy
Yield
Forecast
PV Plant Giurgiu 28 MWp
TV SD Czech
s.r.o.
TV SD Czech s.r.o.
Modansk 96a
147 00 Prague 4
Czech Republic
Evidence number of inspection report

05.474.904
Issued by TV SD Czech s.r.o.
Energy Yield Forecast of

Photovoltaic Power Plant Giurgiu
by PVSYST software
Customer:
Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH
Order of:
2011-11-29
Evaluated plant:
Location:
Installed capacity:
Year of construction:
PVP Giurgiu
Giurgiu, Romania
28 MWp
2011
Cont ent:
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.
Location .................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.
Input values ........................................................................................................................................... 4

3.1.
Climatology data ........................................................................................................................... 5
3.2.
Shading .......................................................................................................................................... 5
3.3.
Soiling ............................................................................................................................................. 6
3.4.
Mismatch loss................................................................................................................................ 6
3.5.
Technology .................................................................................................................................... 6
3.6.
Calculation does not consider..................................................................................................... 7
4.
Output Value Yield forecast ............................................................................................................. 7
5.
Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................ 10
6.
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Lis t of fi gu re s:
Fig. 1 Map of global irradiation (source: Meteonorm).................................................................................... 4

Fig. 2 Map of locality (source: Google Map) ................................................................................................... 4
Fig. 3 Comparison of irradiation, source of different databases..................................................................... 5
Fig. 4 Loss due to fading by previous rows ...................................................................................................... 6
Fig. 5 Dotted line fading shape of previous rows ......................................................................................... 6
Fig. 6 Design of shading limit angle 17,7 ........................................................................................................ 7
Fig. 7 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on Meteonorm database) .............................................. 8
Fig. 8 Expected Losses (based on Meteonorm database) ............................................................................... 8
Fig. 9 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on: CM SAF-PVGIS database) .......................................... 9
Fig. 10 Expected Losses (based on CM SAF-PVGIS database) ......................................................................... 9
Inspection report: 05.474.904

F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
page 2 of 11
Lis t of a pp end ix e s:
1.
PVSYST report
Doc um ent s pr ov id ed:
Electrical design
Situation schema
Datasheet of inverter, transformer, PV modules
Photo documentation
Filled TS input form

page 3 of 11
Overview
The report deals with yield forecast of projected photovoltaic plant Giurgiu 28 MWp which is
designed as a centralized system (30 inverters 800 kW AC) with fixed module mounting and
large space between the rows which aims to minimize shading losses.
This report includes PVSYST output as well. It briefly describes the input assumptions and
interprets the result of the calculation. PVSYST output is attached in appendix.
(Calculation is based on data provided by customer, 15.12.2011)
1. Location
Location: Giurgiu, Romania
GPS: Latitude [] = 43,8, Longitude [] = 25,9
Altitude: 23 m above sea level
Module area: 197 881 m2
The land is flat with no slope without near obstacles. Far horizon is low and its shading does not
influence considerably the calculation.
Fig. 1 Map of global irradiation (source: Meteonorm)
Fig. 2 Map of locality (source: Google Map)
2. Input values
Input values are described at PVSYST report, page 1,2 (simulation parameters)

page 4 of 11
3.1. Climatology data

The global solar radiation data was generated at Meteonorm database. Meteonorm primarily
contains data from meteorological stations (also satellite data) measured in the period 1981
2000. Generated reference data was interpolated from nearest available weather stations:
Bucuresti (74 km), Pleven (116 km), Craiova (166 km). Also other irradiation data source was
checked (NASA, PVGIS). PVGIS is very near to the Meteonorm data with the difference only less
than 1,5%. For covering timeline from 2001 to 2010 the Climate SAF-PVGIS satellite data have
been taken into consideration, see Fig. 3.
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
METEONORM
[kWh/m2]
43
64
106
142
180
191
197
174
127
89
48
36
1397
CM SAF-PVGIS
[kWh/m2]
39
65
113
152
193
203
212
190
122
87
49
31
1457
Fig. 3 Comparison of irradiation, source of different databases
3.2. Shading
On the north side there is forest vegetation. This obstacle have no significant effect on power
output. Far horizon is low and its shading has minimal influence on the calculation. Therefore the
simulation counts with no close obstacles. But in case of fixed mounted system there is an effect
of self-shading caused by previous row of modules. The loss is estimated at 2,4 % by
considering of sun shading limit angle 17,66, pitch 7.50 m and titled plane of modules 25. see
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. Expected albedo is 20%.

page 5 of 11
Fig. 4 Loss due to shading by previous rows
Fig. 5 Dotted line shading shape of previous rows
3.3. Soiling
There are considered losses due to snow coverage during winter time, air pollution and losses
caused by dust layer. Following table describes concrete values for each month. These losses
were based on expert estimates stemming from the experience of this issue. The value of such
losses may depend on weather conditions changes and frequency of cleaning panels.
3.4. Mismatch loss

The modules are not sorted according to Isc, to avoid large mismatch losses. There are six types
(power and manufacture) of modules in PV Plant distributed to thirty inverters. Because of
positive tolerance of panels, we expect 0% loss of module quality and 0.5% for mismatch losses
per year because of sorting panels (Isc).
3.5. Technology
PV plant consists of 118 800 (28 472 kWp) modules on fixed mounted construction system.
(multi-row system)
Construction : azimuth 0,slope of modules 25, PV modules vertically in 2 rows above each. A
sun shading limit angle 17,66.

page 6 of 11
Fig. 6 Design of shading limit angle 17,7
Main components:
PV modules: AUO, EcoDuo PM235P00, 235 Wp, 15 840 pcs
AUO, EcoDuo PM240P00, 240 Wp, 31 680 pcs
AUO, EcoDuo PM245P00, 245 Wp, 11 880 pcs
S-Energy, SM-235-PC8, 235 Wp, 3 722 pcs
Inverters: SMA, Sunny Central 800CP, European efficiency 98,4%, 30 pcs
Transformers: SMA 64-05845, 1600 kVA, 15 pcs
Wiring: Expected losses at side DC and AC = up 1,1%.
3.6. Calculation does not consider

Lower production due to broken technology
Grid voltage fluctuation
Degradation of modules efficiency in the next years (average 0,4 0,8% per year)
Climate changes calculation expect average solar radiance described in chapter 3.1
4. Output Value Yield forecast

For the yield calculation the simulation software PVSYST 5.53-2 was used. The calculation was
done on an hourly basis. PVSYST report describes result on page 4.
Configuration design:
Total peak power: 28 472 kWp
24 modules in series (strings), 4 950 strings, 30 inverters

page 7 of 11
GlobHor - Global incident in horizontal plane 1 397 kWh/m2

GlobInc Global incidentin coll. plane 1 560 kWh/m2
E_Grid Energy injected into grid 36 657 MWh/year
PR performance ratio 82.5 %
Fig. 7 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on Meteonorm database)
Fig. 8 Expected Losses (based on Meteonorm database)

page 8 of 11
GlobHor - Global incident in horizontal plane 1 457 kWh/m2

GlobInc Global incidentin coll. plane 1 617 kWh/m2
E_Grid Energy injected into grid 38 124 MWh/year
PR performance ratio 82.8%
Fig. 9 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on: CM SAF-PVGIS database)
Fig. 10 Expected Losses (based on CM SAF-PVGIS database)

page 9 of 11
5. Disclaimer
This yield forecast analysis of the considered power plant was made on the base of available
knowledge on the considered subject and theoretical and practical knowledge of photovoltaic
technologies. The data was processed with maximum professionalism. However, we cannot
accept legal responsibility for errors or discrepancies.
6. Conclusion
The result of annual yield of projected PV system Giurgiu 28 MWp for the first year is calculated
as 36 657 MWh/year (PR = 82,5%) based on solar radiation average of years 1981 2000
Meteonorm database and 38 124 MWh/year (PR = 82,8%) based on solar radiation average of
years 2001 2010 Climate SAF-PVGIS database. Specific production based on Meteonorm
database is 1287 kWh/kWp/year. Specific production based on Climate SAF-PVGIS database is
1339 kWh/kWp/year.
Note: in specific climatic conditions (-4C, STC) Voc of array can be greater than the inverter
absolute maximum input voltage.
The site is considered in each suitable for PV plant.

Our control calculation is designed to reflect the averages of solar radiation, thus ignoring the
reserve for possible annual fluctuations of solar radiation. For any financial model linked to that
value, we recommend to calculate with a few percent tolerance.
For realization of this project it is recommended to install system for measuring weather exposure
and temperature in order to compare sun radiation and real production. Daily comparison of
these data will lead to the definition of defects and will minimize system losses.
In Prague, Czech Republic, on December 15, 2011
Author:
Ing. Jan Vondrovsk
Branch manager:
Ing. Miloslav Vomoil

page 10 of 11
Appendix
1. PVSYST report Meteonorm database
2. PVSYST report Climate SAF-PVGIS database

page 11 of 11
PVSYST V5.53
TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
15/12/11 Page 1/5
Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project :
Giurgiu_METEONORM
Geographical Site
Giurgiu
Situation
Time defined as
Latitude
Legal Time
Albedo
Country Romania
43.9N
Time zone UT+2
0.20
Meteo data :
Giurgiu, Meteonorm SYN File
Simulation variant :
New simulation variant

Simulation date
Longitude 25.9E
Altitude 23 m
15/12/11 15h46
Simulation parameters
Collector Plane Orientation
180Sheds
Inactive band
Shading limit angle
Shadings electrical effect
Horizon
Near Shadings
Tilt
Pitch
Top
Gamma
Cell size
Average Height
25
7.50 m
0.00 m
17.68
15.6cm
Azimuth 0
Collector width
Bottom
Occupation Ratio
Strings in width
3.36 m
0.00 m
44.8 %
2
0.9
No Shadings
PV Arrays Characteristics (6 kinds of array defined )

Array#1 : PV module
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
Number of PV modules
In series
Total number of PV modules
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
Array operating characteristics (50C)
U mpp
PM240P00_235
AUO
24 modules
In parallel 660 strings
15840
Unit Nom. Power 235 Wp
3722 kWp At operating cond. 3335 kWp (50C)
643 V
I mpp
Array#2 : PV module
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
PM240P00_240
AUO
24 modules
31680
648 V
I mpp
Array#3 : PV module
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
PM240P00_245
AUO
24 modules
11880
653 V
I mpp
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
SM-235PC8
S-Energy
24 modules
15840
632 V
I mpp
Array#4 : PV module
PVSYST V5.53
15/12/11 Page 2/5
Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters (continued)

Array#5 : PV module
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
SM-240PC8
S-Energy
24 modules
31680
640 V
I mpp
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
SM-245PC8
S-Energy
24 modules
11880
647 V
I mpp
Array#6 : PV module
Total
Arrays global power
Nominal (STC)
Module area
Total 118800 modules

Cell area 173481 m
28472 kWp
197881 m
Inverter
Model
Manufacturer
Operating Voltage
Array#1:
Array#2:
Array#3:
Array#4:
Array#5:
Array#6:
Number of Inverter
Number of Inverter
Number of Inverter
Number of Inverter
Number of Inverter
Number of Inverter
4.0
8.0
3
4.0
8.0
3
Total Power
Total Power
Total Power
Total Power
Total Power
Total Power
Total
Number of Inverter
30
Total Power 24000 kW AC
Sunny Central 800CP

SMA
570-820 V
Unit Nom. Power 800 kW AC
PV Array loss factors

Thermal Loss factor
Uc (const) 29.0 W/mK
Uv (wind)
=> Nominal Oper. Coll. Temp. (G=800 W/m, Tamb=20C, Wind=1 m/s.)
NOCT
Wiring Ohmic Loss
Array Soiling Losses
Array#1
Array#2
Array#3
Array#4
Array#5
Array#6
Global
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
0.0 W/mK / m/s

45 C
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
Loss
Fraction
1.0
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.%
1.0%
1.0%
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
1.0%
Nov.
Dec.
1.0%
3.0%
IAM =
Loss Fraction 0.0 %

Loss Fraction 0.5 % at MPP
1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Parameter 0.05
Inverter voltage
Wires
Iron loss
Resistive/Inductive losses
360 Vac tri

13 m 3x30000 mm
Loss Fraction 0.2 % at STC
8401 W
0.0 mOhm
System loss factors

AC wire loss inverter to transfo
User's needs :
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Jan.
Module Quality Loss

Module Mismatch Losses
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization
External transformer
1.4 mOhm
0.69 mOhm
1.8 mOhm
1.4 mOhm
0.69 mOhm
1.9 mOhm
3200 kW
6400 kW
2400 kW
3200 kW
6400 kW
2400 kW
Unlimited load (grid)
PVSYST V5.53
15/12/11 Page 3/5
Grid-Connected System: Horizon definition

Project :
Giurgiu_METEONORM

System type
Average Height
Sheds disposition, tilt
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Nb. of modules
Model
Nb. of units
Main system parameters

Horizon
PV Field Orientation
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV Array
Inverter
Inverter pack
User's needs
Horizon
Height []
Azimuth []
Height []
Azimuth []
Height []
Azimuth []
1.0
-119
0.3
-12
0.0
73
0.6
-119
0.0
4
0.0
82
1.0
-115
0.0
6
0.0
88
Grid-Connected
0.9
25
azimuth
PM240P00_235
Pnom
PM240P00_240
Pnom
PM240P00_245
Pnom
SM-235PC8
Pnom
SM-240PC8
Pnom
SM-245PC8
Pnom
118800
Pnom total
Sunny Central 800CP
Pnom
30.0
Pnom total
Average Height
Albedo Factor
0.9
100 %
1.0
-102
0.0
10
0.0
90
1.4
-94
0.0
24
0.0
97
1.4
-98
0.0
13
0.0
94
0
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
28472 kWp
800 kW ac
24000 kW ac
Diffuse Factor 0.99

Albedo Fraction 0.95
1.0
-90
0.0
41
0.0
103
0.6
-79
0.0
50
0.3
109
2.2
-55
0.0
58
1.8
112
1.8
-45
0.0
58
2.2
112
3.8
-35
0.0
61
3.0
117
Suneye horizon line

90
Shading limit, angle =17.7
Shading 20 %
Shading 40 %
1: 22 june
2: 22 may - 23 july
3: 20 apr - 23 aug
4: 20 mar - 23 sep
5: 21 feb - 23 oct
6: 19 jan - 22 nov
7: 22 december
75
12h
13h
11h
14h
60
3
10h
Sun height []
15h
9h
45
4
16h
8h
5
17h
30
6
7h
15
18h
6h
19h
Behind
the plane
0
-120
Behind
the plane
-90
-60
-30
0
Azimuth []
30
60
90
120
3.8
-21
0.0
67
3.0
119
PVSYST V5.53
15/12/11 Page 4/5
Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project :
Giurgiu_METEONORM

System type
Average Height
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Nb. of modules
Model
Nb. of units
Grid-Connected
0.9
25
azimuth
PM240P00_235
Pnom
PM240P00_240
Pnom
PM240P00_245
Pnom
SM-235PC8
Pnom
SM-240PC8
Pnom
SM-245PC8
Pnom
118800
Pnom total
Sunny Central 800CP
Pnom
30.0
Pnom total
Produced Energy
Performance Ratio PR
36657 MWh/year Specific prod.

82.5 %

Horizon
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV Array
Inverter
Inverter pack
User's needs
Main simulation results
System Production
Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 28472 kWp
1287 kWh/kWp/year
1.0
PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.825
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses)

0.66 kWh/kWp/day
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...)
0.09 kWh/kWp/day
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 3.53 kWh/kWp/day
0
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
28472 kWp
800 kW ac
24000 kW ac
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]
0.8
6
0.6
0.4
2
0.2
1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
0.0
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul

Balances and main results
January
GlobHor
T Amb
GlobInc
GlobEff
EArray
E_Grid
EffArrR
kWh/m
kWh/m
kWh/m
MWh
MWh
EffSysR
%
43.4
-0.40
63.7
58.4
1568
1532
12.44
12.15
February
64.0
2.65
83.6
78.9
2124
2077
12.84
12.55
March
105.7
7.39
127.1
121.0
3182
3105
12.65
12.35
April
141.9
12.31
154.0
145.7
3809
3719
12.50
12.21
May
179.6
18.98
180.2
170.3
4287
4185
12.02
11.74
June
191.4
22.10
186.8
176.6
4372
4263
11.83
11.53
July
197.0
24.67
194.5
184.1
4494
4384
11.68
11.39
August
173.5
24.32
183.9
174.5
4260
4159
11.71
11.43
September
127.1
17.81
148.5
141.2
3585
3499
12.20
11.91
October
88.7
12.88
115.3
109.2
2848
2783
12.49
12.20
November
48.0
6.86
67.3
63.1
1687
1646
12.67
12.37
December
36.2
0.78
55.1
49.4
1333
1302
12.23
11.94
1396.5
12.58
1559.9
1472.5
37552
36657
12.17
11.88
Year
Legends:
GlobHor
Horizontal global irradiation
EArray
Effective energy at the output of the array
T Amb
Ambient Temperature
E_Grid
Energy injected into grid
GlobInc
Global incident in coll. plane
EffArrR
Effic. Eout array / rough area
GlobEff
Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings
EffSysR
Effic. Eout system / rough area
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
PVSYST V5.53
15/12/11 Page 5/5
Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project :
Giurgiu_METEONORM

Horizon
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV Array
Inverter
Inverter pack
User's needs
System type
Average Height
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Nb. of modules
Model
Nb. of units
Grid-Connected
0.9
25
azimuth
PM240P00_235
Pnom
PM240P00_240
Pnom
PM240P00_245
Pnom
SM-235PC8
Pnom
SM-240PC8
Pnom
SM-245PC8
Pnom
118800
Pnom total
Sunny Central 800CP
Pnom
30.0
Pnom total
0
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
28472 kWp
800 kW ac
24000 kW ac
Loss diagram over the whole year
1397 kWh/m

+11.7% Global incident in coll. plane
-0.3% Far Shadings / Horizon
-2.5% Near Shadings
-3.0%
1472 kWh/m * 197881 m coll.
Effective irradiance on collectors
efficiency at STC = 14.45%
PV conversion
42096 MWh
Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-4.1%
-4.5%
-1.5%
-0.5%
-0.6%
37567 MWh
PV loss due to irradiance level

PV loss due to temperature
Array Soiling loss
Module array mismatch loss
Ohmic wiring loss
Array virtual energy at MPP
-1.7%
-0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
-0.0%
Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
Inverter Loss due to power threshold
Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
Available Energy at Inverter Output
-0.1%
-0.6%
AC ohmic loss
External transfo loss
36900 MWh
36657 MWh
IAM factor on global
PVSYST V5.53
15/12/11 Page 1/5
Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project :
Geographical Site
Situation
Time defined as
Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF_PVGIS_SAF
Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF
Latitude
Legal Time
Albedo
Country Romania
43.9N
Time zone UT+1
0.20
Longitude 25.9E
Altitude 23 m
Meteo data :
Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF from PVGIS, Synthetic Hourly data

Simulation date
15/12/11 15h39
Simulation parameters
Collector Plane Orientation
180Sheds
Inactive band
Shading limit angle
Shadings electrical effect
Horizon
Near Shadings
Tilt
Pitch
Top
Gamma
Cell size
Average Height
25
7.50 m
0.00 m
17.68
15.6cm
Azimuth 0
Collector width
Bottom
Occupation Ratio
Strings in width
3.36 m
0.00 m
44.8 %
2
0.9
No Shadings
PV Arrays Characteristics (6 kinds of array defined )

Array#1 : PV module
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
PM240P00_235
AUO
24 modules
15840
643 V
I mpp
Array#2 : PV module
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
PM240P00_240
AUO
24 modules
31680
648 V
I mpp
Array#3 : PV module
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
PM240P00_245
AUO
24 modules
11880
653 V
I mpp
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
SM-235PC8
S-Energy
24 modules
15840
632 V
I mpp
Array#4 : PV module
PVSYST V5.53
15/12/11 Page 2/5
Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters (continued)

Array#5 : PV module
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
SM-240PC8
S-Energy
24 modules
31680
640 V
I mpp
Si-poly
Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Array global power
Nominal (STC)
U mpp
SM-245PC8
S-Energy
24 modules
11880
647 V
I mpp
Array#6 : PV module
Total
Arrays global power
Nominal (STC)
Module area
Total 118800 modules

Cell area 173481 m
28472 kWp
197881 m
Inverter
Model
Manufacturer
Operating Voltage
Array#1:
Array#2:
Array#3:
Array#4:
Array#5:
Array#6:
Number of Inverter
Number of Inverter
Number of Inverter
Number of Inverter
Number of Inverter
Number of Inverter
4.0
8.0
3
4.0
8.0
3
Total Power
Total Power
Total Power
Total Power
Total Power
Total Power
Total
Number of Inverter
30
Total Power 24000 kW AC
Sunny Central 800CP

SMA
570-820 V
Unit Nom. Power 800 kW AC
PV Array loss factors

Thermal Loss factor
Uc (const) 29.0 W/mK
Uv (wind)
=> Nominal Oper. Coll. Temp. (G=800 W/m, Tamb=20C, Wind=1 m/s.)
NOCT
Wiring Ohmic Loss
Array Soiling Losses
Array#1
Array#2
Array#3
Array#4
Array#5
Array#6
Global
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
0.0 W/mK / m/s

45 C
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
1.0 % at STC
Loss
Fraction
1.0
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.%
1.0%
1.0%
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
1.0%
Nov.
Dec.
1.0%
3.0%
IAM =
Loss Fraction 0.0 %

Loss Fraction 0.5 % at MPP
1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Parameter 0.05
Inverter voltage
Wires
Iron loss
Resistive/Inductive losses
360 Vac tri

13 m 3x30000 mm
8401 W
0.0 mOhm
System loss factors

AC wire loss inverter to transfo
User's needs :
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Jan.
Module Quality Loss

Module Mismatch Losses
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization
External transformer
1.4 mOhm
0.69 mOhm
1.8 mOhm
1.4 mOhm
0.69 mOhm
1.9 mOhm
3200 kW
6400 kW
2400 kW
3200 kW
6400 kW
2400 kW
PVSYST V5.53
15/12/11 Page 3/5
Grid-Connected System: Horizon definition

Project :

System type
Average Height
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Nb. of modules
Model
Nb. of units

Horizon
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV Array
Inverter
Inverter pack
User's needs
Horizon
Height []
Azimuth []
Height []
Azimuth []
Height []
Azimuth []
1.0
-119
0.3
-12
0.0
73
0.6
-119
0.0
4
0.0
82
1.0
-115
0.0
6
0.0
88
Grid-Connected
0.9
25
azimuth
PM240P00_235
Pnom
PM240P00_240
Pnom
PM240P00_245
Pnom
SM-235PC8
Pnom
SM-240PC8
Pnom
SM-245PC8
Pnom
118800
Pnom total
Sunny Central 800CP
Pnom
30.0
Pnom total
Average Height
Albedo Factor
0.9
100 %
1.0
-102
0.0
10
0.0
90
1.4
-94
0.0
24
0.0
97
1.4
-98
0.0
13
0.0
94
0
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
28472 kWp
800 kW ac
24000 kW ac
Diffuse Factor 0.99

Albedo Fraction 0.95
1.0
-90
0.0
41
0.0
103
0.6
-79
0.0
50
0.3
109
2.2
-55
0.0
58
1.8
112
1.8
-45
0.0
58
2.2
112
3.8
-35
0.0
61
3.0
117
Suneye horizon line

90
Shading limit, angle =17.7
Shading 20 %
Shading 40 %
1: 22 june
2: 22 may - 23 july
3: 20 apr - 23 aug
4: 20 mar - 23 sep
5: 21 feb - 23 oct
6: 19 jan - 22 nov
7: 22 december
75
11h
12h
10h
13h
60
3
9h
Sun height []
14h
8h
45
4
15h
7h
5
16h
30
6
6h
15
17h
5h
18h
Behind
the plane
0
-120
Behind
the plane
-90
-60
-30
0
Azimuth []
30
60
90
120
3.8
-21
0.0
67
3.0
119
PVSYST V5.53
15/12/11 Page 4/5
Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project :

System type
Average Height
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Nb. of modules
Model
Nb. of units
Grid-Connected
0.9
25
azimuth
PM240P00_235
Pnom
PM240P00_240
Pnom
PM240P00_245
Pnom
SM-235PC8
Pnom
SM-240PC8
Pnom
SM-245PC8
Pnom
118800
Pnom total
Sunny Central 800CP
Pnom
30.0
Pnom total
Produced Energy
38124 MWh/year Specific prod.

82.8 %

Horizon
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV Array
Inverter
Inverter pack
User's needs
Main simulation results
System Production
Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 28472 kWp
1339 kWh/kWp/year
1.0
PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.828
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses)

0.67 kWh/kWp/day
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...)
0.09 kWh/kWp/day
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 3.67 kWh/kWp/day
0
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
28472 kWp
800 kW ac
24000 kW ac
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]
0.8
6
0.6
0.4
2
0.2
1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
0.0
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul

Balances and main results
January
GlobHor
T Amb
GlobInc
GlobEff
EArray
E_Grid
EffArrR
kWh/m
kWh/m
kWh/m
MWh
MWh
EffSysR
%
39.1
-0.60
52.7
48.0
1287
1256
12.34
12.04
February
65.0
2.40
86.3
81.7
2189
2137
12.81
12.51
March
112.5
6.60
135.1
128.1
3421
3342
12.80
12.50
April
152.1
12.20
167.3
159.0
4148
4046
12.53
12.22
May
193.1
18.10
196.1
186.5
4712
4594
12.15
11.84
June
203.4
22.00
198.9
188.8
4677
4562
11.88
11.59
July
212.4
24.10
210.4
200.0
4900
4778
11.77
11.47
August
190.3
23.60
203.8
194.3
4774
4658
11.84
11.55
September
121.8
18.10
140.6
133.3
3399
3320
12.21
11.93
October
87.1
12.90
113.9
107.8
2822
2756
12.52
12.23
November
49.2
6.90
69.9
64.5
1724
1684
12.46
12.17
December
31.3
1.00
41.9
38.0
1016
991
12.24
11.94
1457.3
12.33
1617.0
1530.1
39068
38124
12.21
11.91
Year
Legends:
GlobHor
EArray
Effective energy at the output of the array
T Amb
Ambient Temperature
E_Grid
GlobInc
Global incident in coll. plane
EffArrR
Effic. Eout array / rough area
GlobEff
Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings
EffSysR
Effic. Eout system / rough area
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
PVSYST V5.53
15/12/11 Page 5/5
Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project :

Horizon
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV modules
PV Array
Inverter
Inverter pack
User's needs
System type
Average Height
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Nb. of modules
Model
Nb. of units
Grid-Connected
0.9
25
azimuth
PM240P00_235
Pnom
PM240P00_240
Pnom
PM240P00_245
Pnom
SM-235PC8
Pnom
SM-240PC8
Pnom
SM-245PC8
Pnom
118800
Pnom total
Sunny Central 800CP
Pnom
30.0
Pnom total
0
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
235 Wp
240 Wp
245 Wp
28472 kWp
800 kW ac
24000 kW ac
Loss diagram over the whole year
1457 kWh/m

+11.0% Global incident in coll. plane
-0.3% Far Shadings / Horizon
-2.3% Near Shadings
-2.9%
1530 kWh/m * 197881 m coll.
Effective irradiance on collectors
efficiency at STC = 14.45%
PV conversion
43743 MWh
Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-3.9%
-4.6%
-1.4%
-0.5%
-0.6%
39071 MWh
PV loss due to irradiance level

PV loss due to temperature
Array Soiling loss
Module array mismatch loss
Ohmic wiring loss
Array virtual energy at MPP
-1.8%
-0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
-0.0%
Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
Inverter Loss due to power threshold
Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
Available Energy at Inverter Output
-0.1%
-0.6%
AC ohmic loss
External transfo loss
38382 MWh
38124 MWh
IAM factor on global

Energy Yield Forecast PVP Giurgiu 28MWp v2

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Energy Yield Forecast PVP Giurgiu 28MWp v2

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Energy

Evidence number of inspection report

Energy Yield Forecast of

Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH

Input values ........................................................................................................................................... 4

Climatology data ........................................................................................................................... 5

Calculation does not consider..................................................................................................... 7

Output Value Yield forecast ............................................................................................................. 7

Fig. 1 Map of global irradiation (source: Meteonorm).................................................................................... 4

Inspection report: 05.474.904

Doc um ent s pr ov id ed:

Inspection report: 05.474.904

Fig. 1 Map of global irradiation (source: Meteonorm)

Fig. 2 Map of locality (source: Google Map)

Inspection report: 05.474.904

3.1. Climatology data

Fig. 3 Comparison of irradiation, source of different databases

Inspection report: 05.474.904

Fig. 4 Loss due to shading by previous rows

Fig. 5 Dotted line shading shape of previous rows

3.4. Mismatch loss

Inspection report: 05.474.904

Fig. 6 Design of shading limit angle 17,7

3.6. Calculation does not consider

4. Output Value Yield forecast

24 modules in series (strings), 4 950 strings, 30 inverters

Inspection report: 05.474.904

GlobHor - Global incident in horizontal plane 1 397 kWh/m2

Fig. 7 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on Meteonorm database)

Fig. 8 Expected Losses (based on Meteonorm database)

Inspection report: 05.474.904

GlobHor - Global incident in horizontal plane 1 457 kWh/m2

Fig. 9 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on: CM SAF-PVGIS database)

Fig. 10 Expected Losses (based on CM SAF-PVGIS database)

Inspection report: 05.474.904

The site is considered in each suitable for PV plant.

In Prague, Czech Republic, on December 15, 2011

Ing. Jan Vondrovsk

Ing. Miloslav Vomoil

Inspection report: 05.474.904

Inspection report: 05.474.904

TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.

15/12/11 Page 1/5

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Giurgiu, Meteonorm SYN File

New simulation variant

PV Arrays Characteristics (6 kinds of array defined )

TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.

15/12/11 Page 2/5

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters (continued)

Arrays global power

Total 118800 modules

Total Power 24000 kW AC

Sunny Central 800CP

PV Array loss factors

Array Soiling Losses

0.0 W/mK / m/s

Loss Fraction 0.0 %

360 Vac tri

System loss factors

Module Quality Loss

Unlimited load (grid)

TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.

15/12/11 Page 3/5