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CPJ's 2015 Global Impunity Index spotlights countries where journalists are slain and the
killers go free
of journalists in Syria that CPJ has not been able to confirm. Syria is the world's most
dangerous place for journalists, with record numbers of abductions and attacks
committed not only by Islamic State but other militant factions as well as forces loyal
to the Assad regime.
The Philippines, in fourth place, is the only country among the top five that is not in a
state of large-scale armed conflict.
The Impunity Index-which is being released in advance of the second International
Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists, November 2, a day adopted by the
United Nations General Assembly-calculates the number of unsolved journalist
murders as a percentage of a country's population. For this edition, CPJ examined
journalist murders in every nation in the world that took place between September 1,
2005, and August 31, 2015. Only those nations with five or more unsolved cases are
included on the index. This year, 14 countries met the index criteria, compared with 13
in the previous edition. Cases are considered unsolved when no convictions have been
obtained; cases in which suspects are killed during apprehension or some, but not all,
perpetrators are held to justice, are classified as partial impunity and not counted
toward the five-case threshold. The total number of cases analyzed for this Index is
270.
Colombia, the only country to drop off the index this year, has fewer than five unsolved
cases for the time period under examination. Convictions in two journalist murders
have taken place there since 2009; both notably brought full justice with the
sentencing of the masterminds. But Colombia's improvement is also largely attributed
to a decrease nationwide in political violence and to a government protection program
for journalists. Journalists have nonetheless beenthreatened on numerous occasions,
according to CPJ research. On September 10, an unidentified
gunman killed Colombian journalist Flor Alba Nez Vargas in front of her radio
station. Her colleague said Nez had received threats in connection with her
reporting.
Convictions also took place in the last year in three index countries-Russia, Iraq, and
Brazil-but in only one case, the 2009 homicide of Russian reporter Anastasiya
murders, the victims reported receiving threats before they were killed.
Threats are rarely investigated by authorities.
Almost a third of murdered journalists were taken captive before their
death, the majority of whom were tortured-a clear attempt to send the
media a message of intimidation.
Political groups, including armed factions, are the suspected perpetrators in
46 percent of murder cases, up six percentage points over the 2014 index.
Government and military officials are considered the leading suspects in
nearly 25 percent of the cases.
In only two percent of cases are the masterminds ever apprehended and
prosecuted.
Half the countries on the Impunity Index-Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria,
India, South Sudan, Somalia, Syria-failed to provide any updated
information on investigations into journalist killings for the most recent
(2014) biannual impunity report of the Director General of UNESCO, the
U.N. agency mandated to promote freedom of expression, demonstrating a
lack of international accountability.
Posted by Thavam