Florida Sentencing Lecture Slides Handout, 2015 FACDL Board Certification Review Seminar

3/16/2015
FLORIDA SENTENCING
Florida Association of
Criminal Defense Lawyers
Tampa Marriott Westshore Hotel,
Tampa, Florida
Friday, March 27, 2015
Hon. William H. Burgess, III, B.C.S.
Author, FLORIDA SENTENCING (Thomson-Reuters 2015)
Burgess.law.org@hotmail.com
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com
INTRODUCTION
GOALS OF INSTRUCTION:
Identify the main features of Florida state
sentencing law and procedure
Become familiar with common sentencing terms
Spot important sentencing issues
3/16/2015
MATERIALS PROVIDED:
DOC Criminal Punishment Code Scoresheet
Preparation Manual
Advanced Sentencing Law Handout
Copies of Lecture Slides
SENTENCE DEFINED:
The punishment imposed by a judge in a
criminal court upon a defendant convicted in a
criminal prosecution.
FLORIDA TRIAL COURT STATISTICS FOR JULY 2013 THROUGH JUNE 2014
(Does not include Juvenile or Traffic)
Filed
County Criminal
Defendants
Circuit Criminal
Defendants
Circuit Criminal
Counts
355,981
176,768
375,956
County Criminal
Counts
NA
Disposed Before Trial
33,935
175,259
363,138
NA
(Plea)
198,113
135,377
255,596
NA
NA
(Convicted)
882
53
110
Disposed After Jury

Trial
1,420
3,344
8,578
NA
(Plea)
101
246
503
NA
(Convicted)
669
2,246
5,565
NA
Probation Revocation Hearings: 70,930

32,432
Circuit Courts
County Criminal
Traffic: 369,489 criminal offenses disposed, including 329,275 criminal cases and 40,214 DUIs
3/16/2015
PRIMARY STATUTES:
921.0017-.244 Sentence
775.01-.31 Definitions; General Penalties;
Registration of Criminals
777.04 Attempts, Solicitation, and Conspiracy
y Control
948.001-.90 Probation & Community
958.011-.19 Youthful Offenders
985.345, .35 Juvenile Justice; Adjudication
985.43-.494 Juvenile Justice; Disposition;
Postdisposition
PRIMARY RULES OF
PROCEDURE:
3.700-.801 Sentence
8.110 Adjudicatory Hearings
8.115 Disposition Hearings
8.120 Post-Disposition Hearing
CLASSES OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES

MISDEMEANORS:
1st Degree Max 12M County Jail
2nd Degree Max 60D County Jail
FELONIES:
Max 30Y Prison*
1st Degree
g
2nd Degree Max 15Y Prison
3rd Degree Max 5Y Prison
* Capital, Life, and PBL felonies are designated by
statute
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LIFE FELONIES
A defendant who has been convicted of a life felony committed prior to
October 1, 1983 may be punished by a term of imprisonment for life or for a
term of years not less than 30; for a life felony committed on or after
October 1, 1983 by a term of imprisonment not exceeding 40 years; for a
life felony committed on or after July 1, 1995,
1995, except for one which was
committed on or after September 1, 2005 which is a violation of section
for life or byy imprisonment
for a
800.04(5)(b),
( )( ), for a term of imprisonment
p
p
term of years not exceeding life imprisonment; and for a life felony
committed on or after September 1, 2005 which is a violation of s.
800.04(5)(b), by a term of imprisonment for life, or a split sentence that is a
term of not less than 25 years imprisonment and not exceeding life
imprisonment, followed by probation or community control for the remainder
of the persons natural life, as provided in section 948.012(4).
CAPITAL FELONIES
Mandatory death sentence if convicted and
court finds that the defendant shall be so
punished
The only other alternative is life imprisonment
Not all capital felonies by name are punishable
by death, e.g., capital sexual battery
COMMON LAW CRIMES:

1. Elements defined by statute but offense not
classified Contempt
y
2. Elements not defined but offense classified by
statute Cheating
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PRINCIPAL
In for a penny, in for a pound.
ACCESSORY AFTER THE FACT
ATTEMPTS, CONSPIRACIES, AND

SOLICITATIONS
3/16/2015
Historical Florida Sentencing Schemes

Primary Offense
Date
Oct 1, 1993 Dec

31, 1993
Jan 1, 1994 May

24, 1997
May 25, 1997 Sep

30, 1998
Oct 1, 1998 present
Sentencing
Scheme
Florida Sentencing
Guidelines
1994 Guidelines
1995 Guidelines
Criminal Punishment
Code
Forms Used
Rule 9.988 (j)

Sentencing
Guidelines
Scoresheet
Rule 3.990(a)
Sentencing
Guidelines
Scoresheet
Rule 3.991(a)
Sentencing
Guidelines
Scoresheet
Rule 3.992(a)
Criminal Punishment
Code Scoresheet
(Untitled Continuation
Sheet)
Rule 3.990(b)
Supplemental
Sentencing
Guidelines
Scoresheet
Rule 3.991(b)
Supplemental
Sentencing
Guidelines
Scoresheet
Rule 3.992(b)
Criminal Punishment
Code Supplemental
Scoresheet
Florida Statutes
s. 921.001
ss. 921.0001-.0016
ss. 921.0001-.0016
ss. 921.002-.0027
Rules
Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.701

and 3.988

and 3.990

and 3.991

and 3.992
DOC Reference
Manual
Forms 3.988(a)-(i)
(Worksheets 1-9)
Florida Sentencing
Guidelines
Scoresheet
Preparation Manual
(Jan 1, 1994)
Florida Sentencing
Guidelines
Scoresheet
Preparation Manual
(Jan 1, 1995)
Florida Criminal
Punishment Code
Scoresheet
Preparation Manual
(Oct 1.2010)
ORIGINAL
GUIDELINES
ORIGINAL
GUIDELINES
3/16/2015
1994
GUIDELINES
1994
GUIDELINES
1994
GUIDELINES
3/16/2015
1994
GUIDELINES
1995
GUIDELINES
1995
GUIDELINES
3/16/2015
1995
GUIDELINES
1995
GUIDELINES
1998
CRIMINAL
PUNISHMENT
CODE
3/16/2015
1998
CRIMINAL
PUNISHMENT
CODE
1998
CRIMINAL
PUNISHMENT
CODE
COMMON CRIMINAL
PUNISHMENT CODE ISSUES
Victim Injury Points
Prior Record
Legal Status Points
Community Sanction Points
Uncharged crimes
10
3/16/2015
ALTERNATE SENTENCING SCHEMES

AND ALTERNATIVES TO THE
CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT CODE
Juvenile
Youthful Offender
H
Habitualized
bit li d
Capital Murder
Non-Violent Offenders
Diversion
Enhancement,
Reclassification, Minimum
Mandatories,, Capital
Mandatories
Felonies, Life Felonies, PRR,
Habitualization,, and
Habitualization
10/20/Life
ENHANCEMENT OF PENALTY AND

RECLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSE
Enhancement is commonly associated with the
province of the judge in sentencing
Reclassification speaks to the degree of the crime
charged and appears to attach at the time the
indictment or information is filed and not at the time a
conviction is obtained
Reclassifications and enhancements operate
independently of one another and are not alternatives
to one another
11
3/16/2015
MINIMUM MANDATORY
SENTENCING
The court can sentence above the minimum
mandatory, up to the statutory maximum
p
Apprendi
pp
considerations
Does not implicate
If the lowest permissible CPC sentence is lower
than the minimum mandatory, the minimum
mandatory takes precedence
PRISON RELEASEE
REOFFENDER
Sec. 775.082(9)(a)1., F.S.
Enumerated felonies or felony involving use or threat
of physical force or violence against an individual
within 3 years of being released from a designated
correctional facility
facility, or while serving a prison sentence
or on escape status from a designated correctional
facility
State proves qualification by preponderance of
evidence = no discretion on part of sentencing judge
Day for day
10/20/LIFE
Sec. 775.087, F.S
Reclassification and progressive mandatory minimum
sentences
Inapplicable where use of weapon is essential element
Actual possession = 10 (15 if semiautomatic or
machine gun)
Defendant discharges = 20
Result of death or great bodily harm inflicted upon any
person = 25 minimum up to life
Does not limit imposition of longer sentence
authorized by law
12
3/16/2015
HABITUAL FELONY OFFENDER

Sec. 775.084(1)(a), F.S.
Requires judicial findings
Discretionary if not necessary for protection of public
Enhancement of upper sentence limit
Cannot be used as primary offense or additional
offense on scoresheet
HABITUAL VIOLENT FELONY

OFFENDER
Sec. 775.084(1)(b), F.S.
Enhancement of upper sentence limit
THREE--TIME VIOLENT FELONY

THREE
OFFENDER
Sec. 775.084(1)(c), F.S.
Appears to be mandatory
Mandatory minimum sentences
13
3/16/2015
VIOLENT CAREER CRIMINAL

Sec. 775.084(1)(d), F.S.
M
Mandatory
d t
minimum
i i
sentences
t
REQUIRED NOTICE OF INTENT TO

SEEK ENHANCED PENALTIES
as HFO, HVFO, 33-Time Violent Felony Offender, or VCC
Shotgun general notice permissible
Court must elect one enhancement scheme at sentencing
Defendant must be personally aware of consequences of such
sentence before sentence imposed and have fair opportunity
tto refute
f t any errors upon which
hi h sentence
t
d
may b
be b
based
Statement made by prosecutor to judge in presence of
defendant and formal notice filed shortly before sentencing
hearing and handed to defendant during hearing do not meet
the requirements of the law
Not required for PRR
Summary of Punishments Authorized by Sec. 775.084, F.S.

3rd Degree
Felonies
2nd Degree
Felonies
1st Degree
Felonies
Life Felonies
Habitual
Felony
Offenders
Up to 10 years
Up to 30 years
Life imprisonment
Life imprisonment
Habitual
Violent
Felony
Offenders
Up to 10 years;
not eligible for
release for 5
years
Up to 30 years;
not eligible for
release for 10
years
Life imprisonment;
not eligible for
release for 15
years
Life imprisonment;
not eligible for
release for 15
years
Three-Time
Violent
Offenders
Mandatory
Minimum of 5
years
Mandatory
minimum of 15
years
Mandatory
minimum of 30
years
Mandatory
minimum of life
imprisonment
Violent
Career
Criminals
Up to 15 years,
with a mandatory
minimum of 10
years
Up to 40 years,
with a mandatory
minimum of 30
years
Life imprisonment;
no discretionary
early release
Life imprisonment;
no discretionary
early release
14
3/16/2015
Scoresheet Preparation Where

Enhancements Apply
Separate scoresheets prepared
Enhanceables (HFO, HVFO, 3-Time VFO, VCC, etc.)
scored separately from CPC offenses, just as capital
offenses are
Prevention of enhanceables from bootstrapping
non-enhanceable offenses
SENTENCING ALTERNATIVES
Straight Confinement
Straight Probation or Community Control
True Split Sentence
Probationary Split Sentence
Split Probation
SENTENCING ALTERNATIVES
General Sentencing is Prohibited
Concurrent and Consecutive Sentencing
Same Indictment or Information = Concurrent
Sentencing Unless Court States Otherwise
Different
Diff
t IIndictment
di t
t or IInformation
f
ti
=P
Possible
ibl
Consecutive Sentencing
PRRPA, 10-20-Life and Habitualized Offenses
Arising From the Same Criminal Episode
15
3/16/2015
GENERAL, CONCURRENT, AND

CONSECUTIVE SENTENCING
Stacking Habitualized, PRR and Minimum
Mandatory Offenses
JUDICIAL DISCRETION
Limited by constitution, statute and binding court
precedent
Scant inherent or equitable power
Ministerial role in cases involving minimum
mandatories, mandatory fines, mandatory
conditions, etc.
IMPACT OF APPRENDI
Any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond
the prescribed statutory maximum, other than the fact
of a prior conviction, must be submitted to a jury and
proved beyond a reasonable doubt, unless admitted.
16
3/16/2015
SENTENCE MITIGATION
Avoidance
Pre-emption of Felony Prosecution
Pretrial Diversion
Containment
Sentencing Back As a Juvenile
Youthful Offender ( 948
04)
948.04)
Downward Departure
Statutory ( 921.0026(2), 893.135(4), 921.185)
Non-Statutory
WHAT ABOUT GRAHAM?

GRAHAM?
Graham v. Florida, 130 S. Ct. 2011 (2010) held that the
Eighth Amendments ban on cruel and unusual
punishments prohibits the imposition of a life without
parole sentence on a juvenile offender who did not
commit homicide. Florida appellate courts have since
approved 6060 to 270-year
270 year sentences, but the First District
has ruled that Graham applies to life-without-parole
sentences and sentences that amount to de facto life
sentences. A de facto life sentence is one that exceeds
the defendants life expectancy based upon statistical
evidence presented at sentencing.
NONSTATUTORY MITIGATORS
Sec. 921.0026(1), F.S.
Enticement
Sentence entrapment/manipulation
Lower sentence of an equally or more culpable codefendant
Diminished mental capacity
Extraordinary restitution
Extraordinary susceptibility
Totality of circumstances
17
3/16/2015
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
SENTENCING
Applicability of Discovery to
Sentencing
Davis v. State, 73 So. 3d 304 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011)
Ell d v. State,
St t 613 So.
S 2d 434 (Fla.
(Fl 1983)
Elledge
State v. Clark, 644 So. 2d 556 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994)
Sexton v. State, 643 So. 2d 53 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994)
Booker v. State, 634 So. 2d 301 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994)
Sources of Ethics
LAWYERS:
Florida Rules of Professional Conduct
Florida case law
Cases from other jurisdictions
Formal advisory ethics opinions issued by the
Professional Ethics Committee of The Florida Bar
JUDGES:
Florida Code of Judicial Conduct
Opinions of the Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee
Florida case law
Cases from other jurisdictions
Judicial Ethics Benchguide
18
3/16/2015
Ethical Issues Facing the

Prosecutor
Discovery of exculpatory information

Change in circumstances
Suspending discovery during plea negotiations
Breach of plea agreement
Scoresheet error not objected to by defense
Changes to scoresheet on day of sentencing
Relationship With the Media/interest groups
Ethical Issues Facing the

Defense Attorney
Is this my decision or my clients?

Should I allow the client to speak to the PO?
How much should I tell the PO or the Court?
What if the PSR/scoresheet is wrong in my favor?
What if my client does not want me to object to an
incorrect PSR/scoresheet that is wrong against my
favor?
What if my client lies to the PO or the Court?
What if my client is using a false or stolen identity?
Ethical Issues Facing the Judge
Unobjected-to factual and legal error

Unreadable scoresheet
Fact-pleading
Defendant is barely competent
Charitable contribution as a condition of sentence
Judge becomes aware of possible criminal conduct
during sentencing
19
3/16/2015
What are your

questions?
20

Florida Sentencing Lecture Slides Handout, 2015 FACDL Board Certification Review Seminar

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3/16/2015

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Disposed Before Trial

Disposed After Jury

Probation Revocation Hearings: 70,930

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

CLASSES OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

COMMON LAW CRIMES:

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

In for a penny, in for a pound.

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

ACCESSORY AFTER THE FACT

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

ATTEMPTS, CONSPIRACIES, AND

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Historical Florida Sentencing Schemes

Oct 1, 1993 Dec

Jan 1, 1994 May

May 25, 1997 Sep

Oct 1, 1998 present

Rule 9.988 (j)

Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.701

Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.702

Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.703

Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.704

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

ALTERNATE SENTENCING SCHEMES

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

ENHANCEMENT OF PENALTY AND

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

HABITUAL FELONY OFFENDER

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

HABITUAL VIOLENT FELONY

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

THREE--TIME VIOLENT FELONY

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com

VIOLENT CAREER CRIMINAL

Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: burgess.law.org@hotmail.com