Chapter14 - Urban Infrastructure

Section B Planning and Implementation
Part 4 Infrastructure Development Initiatives
CHAPTER 14
Urban Infrastructure
chapter
14
Urban Infrastructure
14.1 Introduction
Infrastructure plays a pivotal role in supporting the quality of life and
with this in mind, SJER needs to provide the highest standard and
quality of infrastructure and utility services.
As its urban areas continue to expand and develop, there is an
immediate need to improve the infrastructure to support new
development projects. Such infrastructure and utility services need to
be efcient and to be geared towards supporting a clean and high
In line with these goals, planning for urban infrastructure needs to take
into consideration the following:
Projections for population growth predict growth and distribution
of population and employment to ensure urban infrastructure is
delivered on time.
Planning for demand infrastructure planning needs to be based

on realistic demand projections to optimise the use and efciency
of the infrastructure.
quality living environment.

Innovation seek to implement innovative practices that will
improve service delivery.
14.2 Goals
The objectives with regard to provision of infrastructure are as follows:URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE GOALS:
To optimise use of existing infrastructure.
To integrate common aspects of infrastructure needs and
requirements to ensure planning for sustainable and affordable
The services should be efcient, reliable and integrated, making use of

common facilities and service corridors. The public will be encouraged
to participate in conservation and waste minimisation activities, whilst
the latest technology will be used to ensure minimal environmental
impact.
development to meet the growth of SJER.

To utilize modern and innovative technology in infrastructure
provision to improve service levels and to attain a high quality
environment within SJER.
To control and coordinate all infrastructure and utilities service
providers and to set targets for quality waste, water and energy
resources within SJER.
14 - 1
SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
14.3 Power Supply
B. Current Main Substation and Capacity
The provision of sufcient and uninterrupted electric power is essential to
The present supply of electric power in the study area is sufcient. Based
support urban growth. With this in mind, the generation and distribution
of power needs to be properly planned, making use of the latest
technology as required.
of 994MV. Figure 14.1 shows the location of the intake substations in the
Table 14.2: List of Sub-station (PMU) and Demand (MVA) in SJER, 2003
Ensure sufcient supply of power to cater for the growth of

SJER and to support its objective of becoming a world class
sustainable conurbation.
UI 2:
the demand of SJER and produce 2040 MVA with a maximum capacity
study areas.
KEY DIRECTION
UI 1:
on Table 14.2, the capacity of 23 main intake substations could meet
To ensure that the reliability of power within SJER meets the

standards set for MSC Cybercities and Cybercentres.
Local
Authority
Majlis
Bandaraya
Johor Bahru
(MBJB)
A. Enhance the Reliability of Power Supply

The following proposed targets will be set for SJER i.e.:
Improve System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) from
the current 105 minutes/customer/year (2004)1 to less than 20
minutes/customer/year; and
PMU
Capacity
(MVA)
Table 14.1: Performance Of The Electricity Supply Services

Name of Cities
Johor Bahru
Kuala Lumpur
Performance
Index : SAIDI
105
99
Name of Cities
Johor Bahru
Performance
Index : SAIFI
1.11
Kuala Lumpur
0.84
Majlis Perbandaran
Johor Bahru
Tengah
(MPJBT)
Majlis Daerah Kulai

(MDK)
Supply
(MVA)
Maximum
Demand
(MW MD)
Kangkar
2X60
132/22
120.00
65.00
Tebrau
2X60
132/22
120.00
70.00
Stulang
Darat
2X45
132/22
90.00
60.00
Majidee
2X60
132/22
120.00
80.00
Tampoi Ind.
2X60
132/22
120.00
60.00
Tebrau
Central
2X60
132/22
120.00
60.00
Kempas
2X60
132/22
120.00
60.00
Sub total
810.00
455.00
System Average Interruption Frequency Indexes (SAIFI) from 1.11

(2004) to less than 0.5
Voltage
(kV)
Tg. Kupang
2X60
132/22
120.00
60.00
Ulu Tiram
2X60
132/22
120.00
60.00
Skudai
2X60
132/22
120.00
70.00
Sub Total
360.00
190.00
Saleng
2X30
132/11
60.00
20.00
Seelong
2X30
132/11
60.00
15.00
12.00
Putrajaya
Putrajaya
0.01
Singapore
15
Singapore
0.10
Bukit Batu
2X30
132/11
60.00
France
52
Michigan
1.35
USA
88
London
0.40
Johor
Tengah ITC
2X30
132/11
60.00
Japan
0.02
Senai Hitec
2X30
132/11
60.00
15.00
New York
0.99
300.00
73.00
Source: Report on The Performance Of The Electricity Supply Services In

Malaysia, Interim Report 1st Half 2004
1
Report on The Performance Of The Electricity Supply Services In

Malaysia, Interim Report 1st Half 2004
14 - 2
Sub Total
11.00
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4

Local
Authority
PBT Pasir
Gudang
(PBTPG)
Voltage
(kV)
Maximum
Demand
(MW MD)
PMU
Capacity
(MVA)
Supply
(MVA)
PGIE
3 x 60
132/22
180
96.63
Tg. Langsat
2 x 60
132/22
120
24.38
PGDT
2 x 60
132/22
120
65.00
Cahaya Baru
2 x 60
132/22
120
48.75
PGPS
1 x 30
132/22
30
14.63
132
15.50
Titan P.
Gudang
Titan Tg.
Langsat
132
22.27
Antara Steel
Mill
132
54.82
Sub Total
570
341.98
GRAND TOTAL
2040.00
994.98
Main Sub Station (PMU) 132/22 kV Kangkar Tebrau

C. Projected Demand for Power
Source : Regional Load Forecast and Load Desegregation Report, 1997-2009
As illustrated, the current supply outstrips demand. The capacity from all
the intake substations in SJER in the year 2003 is 1249.50MW compared
to the actual total demand of 653 MW.
Demand for power is projected based on future projections for

economic growth as well as the physical development growth within
the SJER area.
D. Meeting Demand for Power
Consumption of electricity within SJER will increase from 1,334 MW
in 2005 to 2,819 MW by the year 2025. The increase is in line with
the physical development of the area. The Table 14.4 illustrates the
projected growth in demand for power from different user bases
Table 14.3: Demand of Power Supply Compared to The Capacity
(housing, commercial, industry and street lightings).
Usage
2003
Capacity (MW)
1249.50
demand. The reserve margin needs to be maintained at a minimum of
Demand (MW)
653.00
25%.
Balance (MW)
596.50
TNBs coverage should extend to 100% of SJER and be sufcient to meet
Source: SJER CDP 2025
14 - 3
SECTION B
Table 14.4: Projection of Power Supply Demand for SJER, 2000-2025

PBPTDJB (cont)
MBJB
Sector
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Industry
14.45
15.72
18.22
22.34
27.92
Domestic
221.70
236.77
284.84
350.35
438.64
Sub Total
91.51
99.56
115.39
141.47
176.83
Commercial
133.02
142.06
170.90
210.21
263.18
Street Lighting
(5%)
4.82
5.24
6.07
7.45
66.51
71.03
85.45
105.10
131.59
Total (MW)
96.32
104.80
121.46
148.91
186.14
421.22
449.87
541.19
665.66
833.41
Street Lighting
(5%)
22.17
23.68
28.48
35.03
43.86
2015
2020
2025
Total (MW)
443.39
473.54
569.67
700.70
877.27
Industry
Sub Total
MPJBT
Sector
2005
186.21
202.59
234.81
287.87
359.84
Commercial
111.72
121.56
140.88
172.72
215.90
55.86
60.78
70.44
86.36
107.95
384.93
446.13
546.96
683.70
20.26
23.48
28.79
35.98
575.75
719.68
2015
2020
2025
Industry
154.17
186.09
245.08
321.79
402.87
Sub Total
353.80
Commercial
92.50
111.65
147.05
193.07
241.72
18.62
Industry
46.25
55.83
73.52
96.54
120.86
Street Lighting
(5%)
292.93
353.56
465.64
611.39
765.46
Street Lighting
(5%)
15.42
18.61
24.51
32.18
40.29
Total (MW)
308.35
372.17
490.15
643.57
805.75
Sub Total
469.61
2005
2010
2015
2020
Sector
2015
2020
2025
1,126.91
1,409.98
Commercial
400.42
443.80
540.11
676.15
845.99
2025
Industry
200.21
221.90
270.06
338.07
423.00
Sub Total
1,268.00
1,405.37
1,710.35
2,141.13
2,678.97
73.97
90.02
112.69
141.00
2,253.82
2,819.97
92.45
115.56
Commercial
34.28
37.09
44.84
55.47
69.34
Industry
17.14
18.55
22.42
27.73
34.67
108.55
117.45
142.00
175.65
219.57
Street Lighting
(5%)
5.71
6.18
7.47
9.24
11.56
Total (MW)
114.26
123.63
149.47
184.90
231.12
2015
2020
2025
Street Lighting
(5%)
Total (MW)
PBPTDJB
2010
2010
900.19
74.74
2005
2005
739.67
61.82
Domestic
48.16
52.40
60.73
74.46
93.07
Commercial
28.90
31.44
36.44
44.67
55.84
14 - 4
405.19
667.37
57.13
Sector
372.42
Domestic
Domestic
Sub Total
Total (MW)
OVERALL
MDK
Sector
2010
Domestic
2010
Domestic
PBTPG
2005
Sector
9.3
66.74
1,334.74
1,479.34
1,800.37

14.4 Development Option/ Program
E. Main substation Intake (PMU)

TNB will need to increase the capacity of the main intake to meet the
increase in demand expected up to 2025. The plans for upgrade within
the SJER area are illustrated on the following page.
Majlis
Bandaraya
Johor Bahru
(MBJB)
Max.
Target Year
Capacity Demand
Completion
(MW
(MVA)
MD)
2 x 60
132/22
120.00
2006
Kempas No.2
2 x 60
132/22
120.00
2007
Bukit Cagar
2 x 60
132/22
120.00
2008
Bakar Batu
2 x 60
132/22
120.00
2010
480.00
Desa
Cemerlang
Majlis
Perbandaran Casa Saujana
Johor Bahru
Taman Sutera
Tengah
(MPJBT)
Sg. Tiram
identied and implemented to ensure future maintenance or capacity

expansion can be carried out without road digging. This should be
implemented as soon as possible, particularly within the central business
district and new mega development areas.
14.5 Renewable Energy/Alternative Power Source

SJER will promote the use of renewable energy/ alternative power
sources, in line with Malaysias energy policy i.e. the 5th Fuel Policy:
2 x 60
132/22
120.00
2008
2 x 60
132/22
120.00
2010
..:To supplement the conventional supply of energy, new sources
2 x 60
132/22
120.00
2010
such as renewable energy will be encouraged. In this regards the fuel
2 x 60
132/22
120.00
2010
diversication policy which comprises oil, gas, hydro and coal will be
480.00
Sub Total
extended to include renewable energy as the fth fuel, particularly
Asiatic No. 3
2 x 30
132/11
60.00
2006
biomass, biogas, municipal waste, mini-hydro and solar. Of these,
Sri Puteri
2 x 30
132/11
60.00
2008
biomass resources such as palm oil and wood waste as well rice husks,
2 x 30
132/11
60.00
2010
2 x 30
132/11
60.00
2010
2 x 30
132/11
60.00
2010
300.00
Ladang Swee
Majlis
Lam
Daerah Kulai
(MDK)
Asiatic No. 4
Sedenak
Sub Total
PBT Pasir
Gudang
(PBTPG)
should be formed to coordinate this. Detailed utility reserves should be
UDA
Sub Total
It is proposed that common trenching or utility tunnels be adopted

in the SJER. A special committee headed by a utility service provider
Table 14.5: Committed Sub-station (PMU) in SJER

Main Substation Rate Voltan
Study Area
Intake (PMU) (MVA) (kV)
Common Trenching
will be used on a wider basis, mainly for electrical generation. Other

potential sources of energy will include palm diesel and hydrogen fuel.
KEY DIRECTION
UI 3 :
SJER will promote the use of Renewable Energy in all new
PGIE T3
1 x 60
132/22
60.00
2002
development projects especially large townships and ofce
Tg. Langsat 1
2 x 90
132/33
180.00
2003
and commercial buildings within the SEC.
Johor Port
2 x 90
2 x 30
132/33
132/11
180.00
60.00
2003
2003
Pasir Putih
2 x 90
2 x 30
132/33
132/11
180.00
60.00
2010
2010
Tg. Langsat 2
2 x 90
2 x 30
132/33
132/11
180.00
60.00
2012
2012
940.00
2,200.00
Sub Total
Grand Total
New, environmental-friendly methods of generating electricity such

as utilisation of bio-fuels and solar power should be explored. While
SJER has sufcient power till 2025, there should be a move towards
renewable energy sources given the obvious benets.
14 - 5
SECTION B
14.6 Water Supply
Table 14.7: Existing SJER Water Supply
A. Introduction
Treatment Plant
Water Supply (mld)
The current supply of water is adequate in meeting the needs of SJER,
Layang
182.0
with a reserve of about 100%.
Layang Extension
136.0
Sg. Johor - Stage 2
159.0
Heavy industries in Pasir Gudang, new industries in Nusajaya and other
Lower Pulai Treatment Plant
industrial areas, as well as the associated population increase will
Sg. Johor - Stage 3
159.0
require that the water supply system (comprising the source, headworks,
Sayong Treatment Plant
140.0
TOTAL
transmission, and storage and distribution network) be augmented

signicantly.
858.0
D. Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
KEY DIRECTION
UI 4 :
82.0
Ensure a reliable source of high quality water and preserve
Within SJER, Non Revenue Water (NRW) is very signicant. NRW is the
existing water catchments areas that serve SJER.
difference between the total volume produced by water treatment

plants and total volume of water legally used. This difference in volume
is generally due to the following:
B. Water Demand
Leakage in distribution pipes, faulty valves and water wastage
Demand for water within the SJER in the year 2005 was in the region of
537 million litres per day, as illustrated below.
due to improper pipe ttings, as well as burst pipes;

Operation of re hydrants and ushing of main pipes;
Illegal pipe connection, for instance, tapping illegally from re
Table 14.6: Existing SJER Water Demand
hydrant; and
City Council
Water Demand (mld)
MBJB
182.0
MPJBT
175.1
MPKu
51.0
PDJB
69.1
PBTPG
59.8
SJER
537.0
Meter vandalism.
In relation to the above, SAJH has taken various steps to improve

security by putting up fences. SAJH has implemented various programs
to upgrade the old pipes since 1995 and reduced NRW from 47% in
1992 to 27% in year 2000. SAJH has forecast that NRW in the region will
reduce to between 25%-20% in 2010.
C. Water Resources
E. Existing Water Requirements
Syarikat Air Johor Holdings Berhad (SAJH) is the body responsible for the
From the analysis shown, there is a surplus of water of 149.9 million litre
supply of treated water in SJER. There are six treatment plants, which
per day. to cater for immediate needs and development pressure.
supply 858 million litres of treated water per day to consumers in SJER.
Raw water is sourced from three rivers namely Sungai Layang, Sungai
Johor and Sungai Pulai.
14 - 6

Table 14.8: Current Supply and Demand
Table 14.10: Existing and Proposed Water Treatment Plant
Item
Water Supply (mld)
Water Supply
858.0
Existing:
Less NRW
20%
Water Demand
Balance
Treatment Plant
2003
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Layang
182.0
182.0
182.0
182.0
182.0
182.0
537.0
Layang Extension
136.0
136.0
136.0
136.0
136.0
136.0
149.9
PUB Skudai
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Sg. Johor Stage 2
159.0
159.0
159.0
159.0
159.0
159.0
Lower Pulai Treatment

Plant
82.0
82.0
82.0
82.0
82.0
82.0
Sg. Johor Stage 3
159.0
159.0
159.0
159.0
159.0
159.0
Sayong Treatment Plant
0.0
140.0
140.0
140.0
140.0
140.0
Total
793.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
Proposed By SAJH:
2003
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Johor Bahru Treatment

Plant (Sg. Johor)
0.0
0.0
140.0
140.0
140.0
140.0
Sedili Besar Treatment

Plant - Stage 1A
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
210.0
210.0
F. Future Water Demand

However based on projected population growth, the demand for water
in SJER will reach 1376.7 million litres per day by the year 2025.
Table 14.9: Total Water Demand for SJER, 2000-2025
2003
Water Demand Forecast (mld)

2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
MBJB
147.6
181.5
199.0
245.5
310.2
415.6
MPJBT
136.3
175.1
217.0
293.2
396.1
530.4
MPKu
42.3
51.0
56.6
70.2
89.2
119.4
Sedili Besar Treatment

Plant - Stage 1B
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
210.0
PDJB
58.2
69.1
77.2
91.8
115.7
154.9
Total
0.0
0.0
140.0
140.0
350.0
560.0
PBTPG
16.1
59.8
76.4
97.4
116.8
156.4
Grand Total
793.0
858.0
998.0
998.0
1208.0
1418.0
400.5
536.5
626.2
798.1
1,028.0
1,376.7
City Council
SJER
As illustrated, SJER is expected to face water shortages after 2025. Hence,

G. Future Water Resources
By the year 2025 the estimated consumption is 1418 million litre per day,
an increase of 44% compared to the consumption in the year 2005.
a new source of water needs to be identied and new water treatment

plants must be planned to meet the demand (refer Table 14.11)
Table 14.11: Difference of Total Demand and Supply
Table 14.10 shows the projected rate of water consumption till 2025.
Item
2003
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Water
Total Supply
793.0
858.0
998.0
998.0
1,208.0
1,418.0
Supply
Less NRW
158.6
171.6
149.7
99.8
120.8
141.8
Actual Supply
634.4
686.4
848.3
898.2
1,087.2
1,276.2
Demand
400.6
536.5
626.2
798.1
1,028.0
1,376.7
Balance
233.8
149.9
222.1
100.1
59.2
(100.5)
It is thus recommended that a Water Resource Study be undertaken

to identify new sources of water and the feasibility of constructing new
treatment plants.
14 - 7
SECTION B
H. Water Supply Master Plan
KEY DIRECTION
Development Option
UI 5 :
Sustainable use of water resources i.e implementing
To overcome the projected water shortage, new sources need to be
measures for more efcient use of water and by encouraging
found and new treatment plants need to be developed. Based on the
water recycling and rainwater harvesting
projected increase in demand, a treatment plant with a capacity of

100 million litres per day should be built to meet demand for water in
2025. Other alternatives such as rainwater harvesting and exploitation of
underground water resources should be explored.
A. Water Sources
Apart from conventional water supply for domestic use from public
distribution system by relevant agency, other potential sources of
14.7 Water Resource Management and Alternative Sources
water need to be exploited, in particular, rainwater. Guidelines for
SJER will adopt an integrated water management system where water
formulated.
incorporation of rainwater harvesting in individual buildings have been
supply and use will be viewed as an integrated cycle. Sources of water,

which include underground water sources, rivers, water catchments
area, lakes and rainwater, are to be is conserved whilst wastewater
from sewerage treatment plants and drainage systems is to be recycled
for suitable purposes.
B. Rainwater collection and water recycling

Rainwater is collected from downspouts connected to the roof gutters
of a building. A simple device called a roof washer diverts the initial ow
of the rainfall into a storage tank.
Figure14.1: Concept of Integrated Water Management
Pipe Water from

Water supply
Agency (SAJ)
Table 14.12: Projected Water Resources From Rainwater harvesting

Year
Rainwater
Recycled Water/
Grey Water
Rainwater
Harvesting
(mld)
2003
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
18.7
23.0
26.2
32.5
40.7
51.0

DOMESTIC USE
Drinking Water
Kitchen Use
Bathing
Washing
DOMESTIC USE
Bathing
Washing
Toilet FLushing
NON-DOMESTIC USE
Gardening
Municipal
Landscaping
Car Washing
DOMESTIC USE
Toilet Flushing
Water
Sources
Water
Use
Figure 14.2: Use of Gutter for Rainwater Collection in

Residential Building
Waste
Water
Gutter
collect
Gutter toto
collect
rainwater
rainwater
Sewerage
Treatment Plant
Drains, Retention
Ponds and
Canal System
Gutter to collect
rainwater
River System
NON-DOMESTIC USE
Gardening
Municipal
Landscaping
Car Washing
14 - 8
Gutter to collect
rainwater

Location
Usage
Depth (m)
IKBN Skudai
10.00
75.00
Kg. Seri G. Pulai
10.00
104.00
Kelab Golf DiRaja
1.00
30.00
Kg. Sg. Tiram
5.00
90.00
Kg. Pulai
5.00
35.00
Kg. Ulu Choh
5.00
130.00
Figure 14.3: Concept of Rainwater Harvesting For Residential Building
Water tank for

domestic water
supply from water
authority
Gutter to collect
rainwater
TOTAL
123

Collection pipe from
gutter to rainwater
storage tank
Rainwater distribution pipe

for non-drinking use such as
gardening and toilet
flushing.
Rainwater storage
tank
D. Wastewater
The drainage system and the sewerage treatment plant are two sources
of wastewater. Surface run-offs and treated efuent from sewerage
Water main for domestic use from

water authority reticulation system
treatment plants shall be disposed in the river systems of the SJER and
can be used as a water source particularly for non-domestic uses such
as municipal landscaping and gardening.
C. Ground Water
As such, it is paramount that treated efuent discharge into the river
Within the study area ground water is projected to represent only 0.2%
system is properly managed and water quality of rivers are maintained
of total water supply in the year 2025. Nevertheless, it is important,
to the required standards.
particularly for the drinking water industry, Table below shows the
E.
location and capacity of ground water.
Estimates of the cost of developing the water supply system are
Table 14.13: List of Tube Well in SJER

Location
Construction Cost
based on current year, 2006. The cost in Zone 1, MBJB is expected
Usage
Depth (m)
Kulai Besar Oil Mill
10.00
8.00
10.00
8.00
10.00
7.80
Larkin Industrial
10.00
163.00
Larkin Industrial
10.00
160.00
Kulai Evegreen
MW
5.00
200.00
Ocean, U. Tiram
MW
6.00
115.82
Ocean, U. Tiram
MW
1.00
30.4
Kg. Murni Jaya
5.00
104.00
Kg. Kuala Kabung
5.00
124.00
Kg. Air Manis
5.00
110.00
SM Senai
10.00
93.00
to be higher than that of other zones. The cost of the water supply
infrastructure is summarised in the Table 14.14.
14 - 9
SECTION B
Table 14.14: Estimated Water Supply Infrastructure Cost
Zone 1 MBJB
Bil.
Project
Project Cost (RM)
Constructed of reinforcement concrete water tank
Constructed of common trenching
3
4
Proposed Agency
156,122,482
SAJH/Developer
34,335,000
SAJH
Constructed new pipelines
1,260,000
SAJH
Replace the old pipelines.
37,800,000
SAJH
Total
229,517,482
Zone 2 MPJBT
Bil.
Project
Project Cost (RM)
3
4
Proposed Agency
149,160,052
SAJH/Developer
16,000,000
SAJH
Constructed new pipelines
1,260,000
SAJH
18,900,000
SAJH
Total
185,320,052
Zone 3 MPKu
Bil.
Project
Project Cost (RM)
Proposed Agency
62,063,176
SAJH/Developer
6,300,000
SAJH
18,900,000
SAJH
Total
87,263,176
Zone 4 PBTDJB
Bil.
1
Project
Project Cost
155,623,580
Total
155,623,580
Proposed Agency
SAJH/Developer
Zone 5 - PBT Pasir Gudang

Bil.
Project
Proposed Agency
95,000,000
SAJH/Developer
7,000,000
SAJH
10,000,000
SAJH
Total
112,000,000
Grand Total for Water Supply
769,724,291
14 - 10
Project Cost (RM)

14.8 Sustainable Drainage System
Bil.
Sustainable drainage is a way of dealing with surface run-off which

avoids the problems associated with conventional drainage practices.
Conventional drainage is not only more expensive to install and
maintain but it is also designed to move rainwater as rapidly as
possible from the point at which it has fallen to a discharge point,
either a watercourse or a soak way. This would increase risk of ooding
Name
Catchments Area
Length
(ha)
(Km)
Sungai Danga
3,000
16
Sungai Skudai
39,000
49
Sungai Tebrau
39,000
39
Sungai Johor
270,000
125
380,000
276
TOTAL
Sources: National Register of River Basins
downstream due to sudden increase in water levels from hard standing

B. Flooding
areas.
There are still many areas subject to oods in the Johor Bahru area and
SJER will advocate sustainable drainage systems which will offer more
most are within the river basins of Sungai Tebrau, Sungai Masai, Sungai
cost effective solutions that are easy to manage, attractive and resilient
Skudai and Sungai Plentong. Based on reports from the Department of
to use. Sustainable drainage systems can be used in both urban and
Drainage, almost 8,500 people may typically be displaced during oods.
rural areas. The Manual Saliran Mesra Alam or MASMA prepared
Some of the ood prone areas are shown in the following table.
by the Drainage and Irrigation Department (JPS) contains a detailed

guide to sustainable drainage; however it is not widely implemented in
Table 14.16: Flood Areas in The River Catchments
Malaysia. Hence, for SJER its key objective is:-
No
KEY DIRECTION
UI 6:
River
Location
To enforce the use of MASMA guidelines and advocate

environmental goals for SJER.
Sungai
Kg. Sri Aman
Tebrau
Kg. Tawakal
100
184
Kg. Maju Jaya

2.
Sungai
Kg. Sri Purnama
Skudai
Kg. Berembang
A. The River
Kg. Lembah Jaya
3,452
Kg. Laut Bt. 10
There are eight major rivers within the district of Johor Bahru as
Kg. Jaya Sepakat
registered under National Register of River Basins. These rivers include
Taman. Tan Yoke Fong
Sungai Skudai, Sg Tebrau, Sungai Kempas and Sungai Johor as shown
Kg. Pertanian Kulai
1,502
Kg. Separa
Table 14.15 and form a major drainage system, as well as a source of
Tanah Rezab KTM Bt. 19
water for households, industries and agriculture.
Kg. Tasar Senai
1,992
Kg. Jaya Sepakat
Table 14.15: Main Rivers in the SJER

Name
Flooding
people
use of sustainable drainage system to achieve long term
Bil.
Affected
Kg. Pasir Senai
Catchments Area
Length
(ha)
(Km)
Sungai Segget
Sungai Pontian Kecil
Sungai Pontian Besar
29,000
Sungai Kempas
Kg. Sri Maju

3.
Sungai
Kg. Sepakat
Masai
Kg. Masjid
1,116
Kg. Sentosa Damai

Kg. Cahaya Baru
47
-
14 - 11
SECTION B
No
River
Location
Affected
Flooding
people
4.
Sungai
Kg. Plentong Baru
120
The MASMA Manual for run-off design promotes environmentally friendly

-
Plentong
5.
Others
D. Application of MASMA
solutions and should be made applicable to any development in Johor

Bahru.
E. Rehabilitation of Major River and Straits of Johor
Kg. Oren
Jalan Air Molek
Major rehabilitation of rivers such as Sungai Skudai and Sungai Tebrau
Kg. Mohd. Amin

Rumah Murah Melati,
500
Ulu Tiram
TOTAL
Every 2
years
8,966
Sources: Laporan Banjir Disember 2001, JPS Johor & Media
should be carried out to prevent erosion and siltation caused by the

construction of major embankment work, to improve water quality.
This work should also be carried out along the coastal areas of SJER
stretching from east to west.
The main reason of ooding in this area is due to insufcient capacity to

receive the additional discharge. Some of the rivers meander and as a
result, siltation easily occurs at the river mouth, causing ood. The situation
become worse when there is heavy rain and high spring tide. The rapid
pace of development within the district of Johor Bahru also contributes
to the ooding at the river basin area, as insufcient drainage causes
blockages and ash ood.
The presence of illegal squatters within the river reserve areas, especially
Illegal Squatters Within The Reserve

of Sungai Skudai
Example of an Embankment Work
Figure 14.4: Application of Sustainable Drainage
at Sungai Skudai and Sungai Tebrau, can also contribute to ooding, as it

impedes maintenance work by the drainage department. In addition this
results in unpleasant views along the rivers and poor water quality due to
Grass area
Absorbs rain water
into the ground
the disposal of domestic waste by the illegal squatters.

C. New Target of Projection and Commitment
The rate of land conversion in SJER is quite high. As sites cleared for
development, this may result in an increase in surface run off and peak
ows that can easily cause ooding; especially at the river estuary. Many
rivers have been narrowed due to land development and subsequent
Rain water Gravel Soakaway

harvesting Trench
Pit
Porous road
surface
earthworks, and may need to be widened and maintained. In relation

to this there must be sufcient river reserve to ensure effective river
management. The reserve could be used for recreational purposes and
to provide more green areas.
14 - 12
Swale
Gross pollutant
Trap
(GPT)
Traps waste
Retention
Pond and
Wetland
Retain surface
run-off water
water

F. Retention and Detention Pond
KEY DIRECTION
The application of MASMA standards in SJER will result in a greater

emphasis on providing retention and detention ponds or lakes to
UI 7 :
The need for sustainable sewerage system in SJER.
improve water quality, minimize ooding and improve the quality of the
UI 8 :
All new housing development to be connected to the eco-
environment. The water in the ponds or lakes can be used to dilute rivers
especially during dry season.
friendly centralized sewerage system (CSS).

UI 9 :
All land made available for Sewerage Treatment Plants must

be primarily reserved and designated for public purposes.
G. Installation of Silt Traps

Silt traps should also be constructed in many tributaries especially at the
new development areas.
H. Guidelines for Sustainable Storm Water Drainage & Flood Mitigation
Install trash racks or screens to trap debris/litter;
Allow for buffer strips and grass swales to protect water source
from contamination by nearby development precinct.;
A. Existing Sewerage System

Sewerage waste in the District of Johor Bahru comes from both public
and private sewerage plants, individual septic tanks (IST), primitive
systems (villages and illegal squatters) and untreated discharge
from households. As Indah Water Konsortium is only responsible for
maintaining public treatment plants, many other forms of treatment
plants are currently not properly maintained.
Install GPT and oil/grease traps in major drains at strategic

locations;
Install series of bio-retention /inltration porous systems for storm
water to get back into the ground;
Install buried drainage pipes to cater for major storm; and
Install water collection equipment, storage and pump for recycle
storm water as non-potable water.
Sewerage Treatment Plant at Taman Suria Johor Bahru
For land under development which has a gradient of less than 30

but greater than 25, geo-technical analysis, analysis on contour and
drainage pattern and an EIA study should be included. All hill slopes
have to be closely turfed after cutting.
14.9 Sewerage
The Department of Sewerage Southern Region (JPP) is the government
agency responsible for the management of sewerage in the District
of Johor Bahru. Meanwhile operation and maintenance services is
carried out by a concession company, Indah Water Konsortium (IWK).
The process of taking over maintenance work has been carried out
progressively by JPP since 1995. Untill now only the areas under the City
Council of Johor Bahru and areas outside of Municipality Councils have
not been taken over.
14 - 13
SECTION B
B. Public and Private Treatment Plants
Table 14.18: Location of Treatment Plants and PE in MPJBT
There are more than 797 treatment plants all over SJER. This is indicated
in the table below:
Location
Treatment Plans
Category
Table 14.17: Location of Treatment Plants and Population Equivalent,

PE in MBJB
No
No
Location
Flat Jln Lumba Kuda
Taman. Sentosa
Treatment Plans
Category
Nos
Population
Equivalent,
PE
IT
Taman Jaya
Taman Skudai Baru
Population
Equivalent, PE
No
IT
960
OP
23875
NPS
22515
Taman Damai Jaya
OP
1500
Desa Skudai
OP
2600
EA
5580
OP
11530
Taman. Sri Tebrau
IT
54
270
Flat Stulang Laut
RBC
Taman Permas Jaya - Fasa 1
OP
22030
Taman Desa Harmoni
OD
7085
Taman Suria
OP/IT
5195
Taman Perbadanan Islam
IT
145
725
Taman Gembira
OP
2560
10
Taman Delima
OP
3545
11
Taman Siantan
OD
2800
12
Taman Kempas
OP
5365
13
Taman Bukit Kempas
OP
2065
14
Taman Anggerik
OP
5160
15
Kg. Dato Onn
IT
164
820
12
16
Taman Dato Onn
IT
88
440
17
Taman Perindustrian Tampoi Jaya
IT
112
18
Kg. Dato Onn Jaafar
IT
47
19
Flat Larkin
20
Taman Per.Ringan Summerwell
21
Taman Abadi
IT
2082
Taman Sri Putri
OPPS
6735
NPS
3810
Impian Mas
SBR
5725
Taman U. Tun Aminah
ITPS
13
12731
IT
7560
AL
9150
NPS
3000
CST
24
1695
EA
1275
OP
1580
AB
485
Taman Tan Sri Yaakob
OD
5863
13
Taman Melawati
EA
2705
560
14
Taman Sri Orkid
SBR
3520
235
15
Taman Mutiara Rini
EA
4375
16
Taman Jaya Mas
SBR
2201
NPS
200
FBDA
10
11
Taman Selesa Jaya
Lima Kedai
Taman Timur
IT
171
855
Bandar Baru Uda
OD
10375
17
Taman D Utama
EA
755
22
Taman Kolam Air
FBDA/EA
625
18
Taman Permata
EA
680
23
Taman Megah Ria
OD
17095
19
Taman Sutera
AS
6220
24
Taman Kota Puteri
OP
10430
NPS
6785
25
Taman Rinting
OP
13285
OPPS
9910
797
123,050
NPS
3540
OP
11630
NPS
2000
OPPS
6590
OP
25760
NPS
2000
TOTAL
Source: Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru, 2003
Note: PE = Population Equivalent
20
21
22
14 - 14
Taman Perling
Taman Sri Pulai
Taman Universiti

Location
No
Treatment Plans
Category
23
Taman Teratai
24
No
OPPS
6240
Bandar Kangkar Pulai
OD
14000
25
Pulai
EA
1380
26
Taman Bkt. Tiram
OP
2460
27
R. Murah Kg. Oren
CST
32
2856
28
Taman Desa Jaya
OPPS
13678
OP
8190
OD
31786
NPS
3240
UASB
6345
OD
20120
NPS
11670
29
Taman Puteri Wangsa
30
Taman Bkt. Jaya
31
Taman Desa Cemerlang
Table 14.19: Location of Treatment Plants and PE in MPKu
Population
Equivalent, PE
Bil
Location
Treatment Plans
Category
Bil
Population
Equivalent,
PE
R. A. Kulai
OP
785
Taman Manis
OD
5200
Taman Sentul
HK
790
Taman Sri Sentosa
SBR
600
Taman Damai
EA
1670
Taman Saleng Indah
EA
1565
10
Taman Puteri Kulai
OD
2705
OP
1790
11
Taman Ria
EA
794
12
Taman Bintang Uta.

(Fasa 2A)
EA
1025
13
Bandar Indahpura
Zon 28
EA
9905
32
Taman Desa Tebrau
OD
3261
33
Taman Pelangi Indah
SBR
27333
NPS
875
14
Taman Mutiara
ITPS
845
NPS
870
15
Taman Angkasa
EA
1780
TF
1375
16
Taman Desa Kulai
EA
1780
ITPS
1300
17
Taman Muhibbah
OD
5745
UASB
804
NPS
4735
OD
2500
34
35
Taman Gaya
Taman Ria
36
R. Awam Plentong
CST
615
37
Bdr. Sri Alam
OP
17318
OD
4264
NPS
13400
EA
21430
38
Taman Perind. Sri Plentong
EA
3892
39
Taman Bkt. Indah
EA
19125
TOTAL
163
449,459
18
Kaw. Perindustrian Senai 3
19
Kaw. Per. Murni Senai
TF
878
20
Taman Sepakat Jaya
BF
760
21
Taman Makmur
OPPS
2370
22
Kaw. Per. Senai 3 & 4
EA
1185
23
R. A. Kelapa Sawit
CST
13
1140
40
60,727
TOTAL
Sources: IWK, Unit Perancangan Wilayah Selatan, 2002
Sources : IWK, Unit Perancangan Wilayah Selatan, 2002

Note : PE = Population Equivalent
14 - 15
SECTION B
C. Individual Septic Tank (IST)
E. Projection of Land Required for Sewerage Treatment Plan
Table 14.20: IST in the SJER, 2002
The future sewerage treatment system shall be mechanical and a total

land area of 195 acres will be required by the year 2025.
IST
Local Authority
PE
Bil
Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru
10,534
52,670
Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru

Tengah
31,693
158,465
Majlis Daerah Kulai
16,211
81,055
58,438
292,190
TOTAL
Sources: IWK, Unit Perancangan Wilayah Selatan, 2002

Table 14.22: Projected Land Requirements for Sewerage Treatment

Plants
City
Council
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
MBJB
26
30
32
38
47
59
MPJBT
24
29
35
46
60
75
MPKu
11
14
17
PDJB
10
11
12
14
18
22
10
12
15
18
22
72
88
100
124
156
195
PBTPG
SJER
D. Existing Requirements
SJER lacks a modern sewerage system and most households rely on
individual septic tanks in the city of Johor Bahru. This is main source of
pollution for many of the rivers in SJER and measures need to be taken
to resolve this issue.
F. Proposal For Eco-Friendly Sewerage Treatment
primary and biological treatment in order to ensure efuent complies

with Standard A of the Environmental Quality Regulations (Sewage
and Industrial Efuent), 1979 and Class 1 of the National Water Quality
Population Equivalent, PE
Local Authority
Existing
Demand
Balance
Majlis Bandaraya Johor

Bahru
175,720
577,413
-401,693
Majlis Perbandaran Johor

Bahru Tengah
607,924
521,354
86,570
Majlis Daerah Kulai
141,782
161,326
-19,544
925,426
1,260,093
Sources: Source: SJER CDP 2025
Note: Land for Mechanical Sewerage Treatment Plant
The proposed sewerage treatment system for SJER combines both
Table 14.21: Demand of Sewerage System in the SJER
TOTAL
Required Land For Sewerage Treatment Plan (acres)
Standard before being discharged into any rivers or water bodies.

The Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/Continuous Sequencing Batch
Reaction (UASB/CSBR) treatment system shall be adopted for primary
treatment.
The UASB reactor is an anaerobic biological treatment system requiring
no energy to operate. The sewage is anaerobically digested with
potential Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) reductions of 50% to 70%.
Methane gas generated from the process shall be stored to be used to
generate power for the plant.
14 - 16

Figure 14.5: Example of a Centralised Mechanical Sewerage System
H. Proposed Sewerage Treatment and Its Cost

Majidee, Bandar Nusajaya, Kulai and Tanjung Langsat have been
identied for proposed centralised sewerage treatment plant. These
sites are located within the various local planning authority areas and
will cost a total of RM 339,575.000.
Grit/
air flow
Grease
Removal air pipe
Chamber
Coarse
Screen Fine
Screen
Equalisation
on tank
Anaerobic
Upflow
Sludge
Blanket
Reactor
Pumping main
from Vacum
Station/Pumping
Station
Table 14.23: Proposed Project Cost for Sewage System

By Pass Line
SBR
Tank
Zone 1 MBJB
U.V
Disinfect
Ion
Wetland for
Effluent Polishing
No.
Project
Proposed main
sewerage pipe lines
9,450,000
JPP/IWK
Proposed manhole
4,725,000
JPP/IWK
Proposed central
mechanical
sewerage treatment
plan
126,000,000
JPP/IWK
Final
Effluent
Waste
Activated
Sludge
Sludge
Drying
Beds
Waste
Sludge
Sludge
Pumping
Chamber
Rotary
Drum
Thickene Centrifu
R
GE
Disposal/
Reuse
Sludge
Storage
Location
Majidee
Total
Project Cost
Proposed Agency
140,175,000
Zone 2 MPJBT
No.
Project
Location
Proposed main
sewerage pipe lines
4,410,000
JPP/IWK
Proposed manhole
2,205,000
JPP/IWK
Proposed central
mechanical
sewerage treatment
plan
63,000,000
JPP/IWK
Bandar
Nusajaya
Total
Project Cost
Proposed Agency
69,615,000
Zone 3 MPKu
No.
Project
Proposed main
sewerage pipe lines
Proposed manhole
Proposed central
mechanical
sewerage treatment
plan
Examples of Centralised Mechanical Sewerage System
G. Industrial Waste
The handling of industrial sewage must also follow the set guidelines
and policies. A detailed study must be conducted for all industrial
facilities which discharge industrial waste. All samples from the operator
or the owner of the industrial facility must be handed over to the local
authorities for control purposes.
Location
Kulai
Total
Project Cost
Proposed Agency
1,890,000
JPP/IWK
945,000
JPP/IWK
63,000,000
JPP/IWK
65,835,000
Zone 5 - PBT Pasir Gudang

No.
Project
Location
Project Cost
Proposed Agency
Proposed main
sewerage pipe lines
900,000
JPP/IWK
Proposed manhole
50,000
JPP/IWK
14 - 17
SECTION B
3
Proposed central
mechanical
sewerage treatment
plan
Tanjung
Langsat
63,000,000
JPP/IWK
Table 14.24: Generated Solid Waste in Johor Bahru
Item
Solid Waste
(Tone/year)
Demand
of Sanitary
landll
(acre)
Existing
Sanitary
land
(acre)
Balance
Sanitary Land
(acre)
Domestic
146,146
80.3
n/a
n/a
Industry &
Commercial
43,844
24.1
n/a
n/a
14.10 Solid Waste
TOTAL
189,990
104.3
212.5
108.2
Total
63,950,000
Grand Total for

Sewerage System
339,575,000
Solid Waste is increasingly becoming an important urban challege.

If left unchecked, solid waste could lead to severe environmental
degradation. Solid waste generated in housing, commercial and
Table 14.25: Sanitary Landll in Johor Bahru

Sanitary Landll
Area
(acre)
Life Span
Method of Disposal
Seelong Selatan, Km 23,

Jalan Tiram-Kulai
212.5
5 years (2008)
Sanitary Landll
industrial areas should be collected according to clear schedules to

avoid unnecessary odour and pollution. It will also help to prevent
open burning. Solid waste must also be managed from source and
upon collection must be sorted, recycled and disposed of in a safe,
environmentally sensitive manner.
KEY DIRECTION
Sources: SUKJ Cawangan Kerajaan Tempatan, 2003
C. Transfer Station
Within SJER, before waste is sent to the centralized waste disposal area
UI 10
Set targets for waste reduction
at Seelong Selatan, it is kept temporarily at a transfer station in Jalan
UI 11
Create a balanced waste-management strategy i.e. a no
Taruka, Larkin, Johor Bahru. The waste is then transferred in large 12
net/export level of solid waste by 2025.
tonne-capacity containers to Seelong Selatan which is about 12 km

away. This transfer station has the capacity to store and transfer waste
A. Existing Situation
The collection and disposal of solid waste in SJER is handled by Southern
Waste Management Sdn. Bhd. (SWM) except for the Pasir Gudang area
which is handled by Pasir Gudang Local Authority. The collection and
disposal of toxic waste is supervised by the Department of Environment
and all scheduled toxic waste is send to Bukit Nenas for disposal.
B. Solid Waste Disposal
A total of 189.990 tonnes of solid waste is generated each year in SJER.
Currently this solid waste is disposed in 212.5 acres of landll areas within
SJER. With the current waste generated, there is a balance of 108.2
acres of land left at current landll sites.
14 - 18
of approximately 856 tonnes per day.

D. Recycle
In order to reduce the environmental impact of waste disposal,
recycling has been introduced. This has reduced non bio-gradable
waste disposed at the disposal site.
There are 108 recycling centres within Johor Bahru City Council and
Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru Tengah, each providing different
containers to separate paper, tin cans and glass.

Local Authority
Transfer Station Jalan Taruka, Larkin

Majlis Perbandaran
Johor Bahru Tengah
Table 14.26: Location of Recycling Centres in Johor Bahru

Local Authority
Locations
Majlis Bandaraya
Johor Bahru
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
ESSO, Jalan Kebun Teh

Bandar baru UDA
Bangunan D Stulang
Gerai Makan Hutan Bandar
Injaya Sdn. Bhd. stesyen minyak
Jabatan Lanskap MBJB
BP Jalan Tebrau
kompleks bebas Cukai
Kompleks kedai Permas Jaya
Kompleks Tun Abdul Razak
Shell Jalan Sawmill
Maktab Sultan Abu Bakar
City Square
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah
Pejabat MBJB
Pejabat Penguasa MBJB
Pejabat SUK Johor
MOBILE Jalan Sri Pelangi
CALTEX Jalan Tun Razak
Pintu masuk Kompleks Kastam
Pintu keluar Kompleks Kastam
Plaza Angsana
Pondok Menunggu Bas Hadapan MBJB
Puasat Penjaja Taman Sri Tebrau
Restoren Singgah Selalu
RTM Johor Bahru
Sek. Agama BBU
Sek. Keb. Air Molek
Sek. Keb. BBU II
Sek. Keb. Convent JB
Sek. Keb. Jenis (T) Jalan Yahya Awal
Sek. Keb. Kg. Pasir
Locations
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
Sek. Keb. Khir Johari

Sek. Keb. Kompleks UDA
Sek. Keb. Larkin 1
Sek. Keb. Nong Chik
Sek. Keb. Taman Pelangi
Sek. Keb. Taman Puteri
Sek. Keb. Temenggung Abd. Rahman 1
Sek. Keb. Temenggung Abd. Rahman 2
Sek. Men. Keb. (P) Sultan Ibrahim
Sek. Men. Keb. Aminuddin Baki
Sek. Men. Keb. BBU
Sek. Men. Keb. Sultan Ismail
Sek. Men. Keb. TUTA
Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Foon Yeu 1
Seng Motor Sdn. Bhd.
Sithiam Brothers Sdn. Bhd.
Tandas Awam Stulang Laut
Tapak Penjaja
XTRA Hypermarket
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
Giant Cash & Carry Sdn. Bhd.

Pengawas Pengurusan Harta MPJBT
Pusat Beli Belah
Sek. Agama Bandar Selesa Jaya
Sek. Agama Sri Perling 2
Sek. Agama TUTA
Sek. Agama Taman Universiti 1
Sek. Keb. Gelang Patah
Sek. Keb. Kangkar Pulai
Sek. Keb. Skudai Baru
Sek. Keb. Skudai Batu 10
Sek. Keb. Sri Perling 2
Sek. Keb. Taman Damai Jaya
Sek. Keb. Desa Cemerlang
Sek. Keb. Desa Jaya
Sek. Keb. Johor Jaya 1
Sek. Keb. Johor Jaya 2
Sek. Keb. Mutiara Rini
Sek. Keb. Taman Perling
Sek. Keb. Taman Puteri Wangsa
Sek. Keb. Selesa Jaya
Sek. Keb. Sri Skudai
Sek. Keb. TUTA 1
Sek. Keb. TUTA 2
Sek. Keb. Taman Universiti 1
Sek. Keb. Ulu Tiram
Sek. Men. Agama Johor Jaya
Sek. Men. Keb. Dato Pengawa Timur
Sek. Men. Keb. Gelang Patah
Sek. Men. Keb. Skudai Baru
Sek. Men. Keb. Sri Perling 2
Sek. Men. Keb. TUTA
Sek. Men. Keb. Skudai
Sek. Men. Keb. Sri Perling
Sek. Men. Keb. Johor Jaya 1
Sek. Men. Keb. Johor Jaya 2
Sek. Men. Keb. Mutiara Rini
Sek. Men. Keb. Sri Pulai
Sek. Men. Keb. Taman Universiti
Sek. Men. Keb. Ulu Tiram
14 - 19
SECTION B
Local Authority
Locations
(cont)
43. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Kuo Kuang 1
44. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Meng Terk
45. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Ching Yeh
46. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Kuo Kuang 2
47. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Masai
48. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Pei Hua
49. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Ping Ming
50. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Plentong
51. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Pu Sze
52. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Ulu Tiram
53. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (T) Ladang Rini
54. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (T) Masai
55. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (T) TUTA
56. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (T) Kangkar Pulai
57. Terminal Bas TUTA
Table 14.28: Projected Land Requirements for Solid Waste Disposal

- Sanitary Landll
Item
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Total
(acre)
Domestic
65.3
80.3
91.3
113.4
142.1
177.9
670.2
Industry &
Commercial
19.6
24.1
27.4
34.0
42.6
53.4
201.1
Total
84.8
104.3
118.6
147.5
184.7
231.3
871.3
Existing
Sanitary Land
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
212.5
Additional Sanitary Land until Year 2025
(658.8)
Table 14.29: Projected Land for Incinerator
E. Projected Generation of Solid Waste
Item
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Total
(acre)
Domestic
13.1
16.1
18.3
22.7
28.4
35.6
134.0
waste generated by commercial and industrial activity generally hovers
Industry &
Commercial
3.9
4.8
5.5
6.8
8.5
10.7
40.2
at around 30% of domestic waste generated.
Total
17.0
20.9
23.7
29.5
36.9
46.3
174.3
Solid waste generation is expected to increase with an expanding

population base and increasing economic activity. As an indication,
Table 14.27: Projected Generation of Solid Waste in SJER
Existing Sanitary Land
212.5
Balance
38.25
Item
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Domestic
(tone/year)
118,854
146,146
166,201
206,561
258,790
324,000
F. Proposal
A centralised waste disposal system using waste-to-energy plants is
proposed to manage solid waste disposal in SJER, to address limited
Industry &
Commercial
(tone/year)
35,656
TOTAL
154,510
43,844
49,860
61,968
77,637
97,200
land resources and to allow for extraction of energy from solid waste
disposed.
189,989
216,062
268,529
336,426
421,200
Recycling centres must be increased in number and should be located

at convenient public places to encourage a higher rate of recycling
among local communities.
All industries that generate toxic waste must be licensed by the
Department of Environment and by local authorities.
There should be sufcient waste disposal sites and a study should be
conducted to identify suitable locations.
14 - 20

D. Solid Waste Management Project and Its Cost
Waste To Energy Plant
Sustainable waste management shall be implemented at three levels
One long-term objective is to convert waste into an alternative source
namely at the domestic/household, community and city levels. This
of energy. A Waste to Energy plant needs to be constructed within SJER.
involves separation at source (recycling) and using waste as alternative
A waste to energy plant burns waste to produce electricity and in this
energy source.
manner, it will reduce the amount of waste that needs to be buried in

landlls, while producing electricity that can be sold to the main grid.
Table 14.30: Projected Cost for Solid Waste Management

Bil.
Project
Location
Proposed transfer
station for non
toxic waste
Proposed transfer
station for toxic
waste
Proposed recycle
centre
Proposed central
incinerator
Seelong
Maintenance
and
improvement on
existing ex-waste
disposal site
Tiram, Pasir
Gudang, Kulai,
Jalan Taruka
Japan burns 62% of its solid waste by means of waste to energy plants,
Proposed Agency
Project Cost
Jalan Taruka,
Nusajaya
SWM/SJER
20,000,000
Pasir Gudang
SJER
20,000,000
SJER
20,000,000
SJER
126,000,000
SWM/SJER
40,000,000
while Switzerland burns 58% and USA 14% .

New technology is emerging such as thermal technology which
Grand Total for Solid Waste
produces less pollution than traditional incinerators. The new plants are
also able to treat clinical waste and hazardous waste which can only
be destroyed by very high temperatures.
Eco Friendly Landfill
Landll technology has also evolved whereby landll sites are lined,
well-treated and managed to ensure no leakage. SJER intends to adopt
such systems.
226,000,000
Waste Separation at Source

Separation at source shall be implemented at household and
community level. At the household level, each residential unit shall be
equipped with two waste bins segregating wet and dry waste. This shall
be incorporated in the design of the units. In addition, grinders shall be
incorporated with kitchen sinks so that food waste shall rst be meshed
before being disposed off into the sewerage system.
At the community level, recycling centre shall be located at community
centres and recycling bins at strategic location.
14 - 21
SECTION B

14.11 Information and Communication Technology
Completed
landfill
Landfill gas as
energy source
Operating
landfill
In line with the governments objective of promoting information and
Final vegetated profile

Surface water
diversion barrier
Landfill
gas flared
Perimeter
drainage
Landfill gas
monitoring probe
SJER.
Clean
stormwater
diversion
Landfill gas
collection well
Final cap
communication technology (ICT) usage, this will be an area of focus for
Stormwater from
construction to ponds
Working face
Existing
landform
Leachate removal
to treatment
/disposal
Excavated
base grade
Landfill gas
monitoring probe
Completed
cell
Daily/
intermediate
cover
Undisturbed foundation
Leachate
collection
system
Table 14.31: Internet (Dial-Up) Customers in Malaysia, (1995-2001)
Groundwater table
Groundwater
monitoring well
The tables illustrate the rate of internet penetration and ICT usage in
Malaysia.
Leachate
extraction
riser
Leachate
containment
liner
A. Existing Situation
Groundwater
monitoring well
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
0.014
0.064
0.205
0.405
0.668
1.659
2.115
2,614
Growth (%)
357.7
220.3
97.6
64.9
148.4
27.5
23.6
Penetration
0.1
0.3
0.9
1.8
2.9
7.1
8.8
10.5
Customer
(million)
Sources: Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Dan Multimedia, 2001
Table 14.32: Selected Information ICT in Malaysia, (1995-2000)

Legend
1995
2000
Telex customers
6,578
3,105
610,000
2,200,000
29.5
95.7
161.07
204.76
3,332,447
4,650,410
Mobile phone
700,000
2,265,000
Total internet customers
13,064
1,157,384
Total internet users
30,000
4,000,000
Personal computers
Personal computer for every 1,000 population
Telephone line for every 1,000 population
Example of Land ll sites in New Zealand which is also used partly as a Park
Telephone customers
Sources: Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia, PIKOM, World Development

Report, 1999/2000 and World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2000.
Johor State has 78,000 Internet users in the year 2000, with a penetration
rate of 3% (based on the total population size). This is very low
compared to Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, which have penetration
rates of 10% and 8% respectively.
14 - 22

C. Personal Computer Ownership
Table 14.33: Internet User by State, 2000
State
Customer
Customer
in 1,000
population
The number of personal computers in SJER in 2003 stood at 305,227,

which implies a penetration of 24.4% of the total population of SJER. This
is expected to increase to 775,415 by the year 2025.
Selangor
335,262
38.2
84.9
W. P. Kuala Lumpur
134,870
15.4
103.9
Johor
77,747
8.8
30.3
Pulau Pinang
63,648
7.3
51.9
Perak
55,345
6.3
27.3
Sarawak
43,219
21.5
Sabah
40,692
4.6
16.6
Kedah
28,494
3.2
18.1
Negeri Sembilan
22,373
2.6
27.0
Customer
Customer
in 1,000
population
Pahang
21,682
2.5
18.0
Melaka
17,234
28.6
Kelantan
16,101
1.8
12.5
Terengganu
15,041
1.7
17.1
Perlis
3,710
0.4
18.7
Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan
1,355
0.2
19.2
Local
Authority
100
39.5
State
Table 14.34: Number of PC Owners in SJER, 2003

Local Authority
PC Owner
Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru (MBJB)
138,140
Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru Tengah (MPJBT)
107,500
Pihak Berkuasa Perancang Tempatan Daerah Johor Bahru

(PBPTDJB)
35,011
Majlis Daerah Kulai (MDK)
12,479
PBT Pasir Gudang (PBTPG)
12,097
305,227
TOTAL
Table 14.35: Projected PC Ownership in SJER, 2003-2020

2003
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
MBJB
138,140
155,960
166,565
200,378
246,465
308,574
Sources: Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Dan Multimedia, 2000

Note: * Maxisnet not included
MPJBT
107,500
126,850
153,108
201,643
264,757
331,476
MDK
12,479
13,814
14,947
17,996
22,261
27,827
B. Existing ICT Infrastructure
PBPTDJB
35,011
38,127
41,482
48,078
58,943
73,679
The quality of SJERs ICT infrastructure is relatively poor in comparison
PBTPG
12,097
15,000
18,675
23,213
27,044
33,859
TOTAL
305,227
349,752
394,778
491,309
619,471
775,415
Malaysia
876,773*
with the existing infrastructure at the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC).

Johor (in addition to Penang) is targeted to have a comparable quality
of infrastructure by 2010 under the second phase of the MSC national

roll out plan. This should help to drive adoption of high speed internet
access, or broadband.
The level of ICT adoption in SJER can be measured through three
different indicators, which are the ownership of personal computers,
the rate of Internet access and also the level of IT literacy.
14 - 23
SECTION B
D. Internet Penetration
E. ICT literacy
With regards to Internet usage, 143,064 people had access to the
The number IT literate users in SJER is 251,967, which translates into 20.1%
Internet in 2003 and this is expected to increase to 373,275 by the year
of the total population in 2003 and this is expected to increase to 80% in
2025.
the year 2025.
Table 14.36: Number of Internet Users in the SJER, 2003

Local Authority
Table 14.38: IT Literacy Rate, 2003
Internet Owner
Local Authority
IT Literate
Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bharu (MBJB)
62,163
Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru (MBJB)
60,200
83,850
19,256
103,605
Pihak Berkuasa Perancang Tempatan Daerah Johor Bahru

(PBPTDJB)
9,803
Pihak Berkuasa Perancang Tempatan Daerah

Johor Bahru (PBPTDJB)
4,118
3,618
6,779
41,638
TOTAL
TOTAL
143,063
251,967
F. Proposal
Table 14.37: Projected Internet Usage in the SJER, 2003-2020
The development of the ICT infrastructure in SJER should be inline with

the vision and strategy of the State of Johors ICT blueprint. As far
Local
Authority
2003
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
as the ICT infrastructure is concerned, private sector participation is
MBJB
62,163
70,182
74,954
90,170
110,909
138,858
encouraged, through the implementation of new and cost-effective
MPJBT
60,200
71,036
85,740
112,920
148,264
185,627
technology. It is also important that access to worldwide network is
MDK
4,118
4,559
4,932
5,939
7,346
9,183
made available. To promote a participative society, an awareness
PBPTDJB
9,803
10,675
11,615
13,462
16,504
20,630
initiative is necessary to ensure an effective utilisation of infrastructure. It
PBTPG
6,780
8,407
10,467
13,010
15,157
18,977
is proposed that:
143,064
164,859
187,709
235,501
298,181
373,275
TOTAL
The broadband coverage is increased to meet the States target

for 100% broadband in Homes,
The application of wireless Internet technology is enhanced; inline
with the State vision for a Wireless City,
further initiatives in the MSC rollout, subsequent to the creation of
a Cybercentre at Menara MSC Cyberport, Johor Bahru
Proposed village ICT (k-Centre) in community centres within SJER.
14 - 24

14.12 Gas Supply
Natural gas is used primarily for power generation (65%) in Malaysia. 24%
of natural gas produced is used in heavy industry, 4% is used in housing,
commercial and industrial areas and the remaining 7% is exported.
Petronas Gas Berhad is responsible for the transmission of gas and for
ensuring sufcient supply of gas.
Figure 14.6: Gas Distribution in Malaysia
A. Existing Gas Supply in SJER

Natural gas is supplied mainly to the industrial areas in Plentong, Tebrau,
Larkin, Tampoi, Kulai and Senai. However, the City Gas System has
not been extended to non industrial consumers, and most houses and
restaurants use gas distributed in small cylinders, while hotel and some
industrial users receive gas in bulb shaped cylinders. As of today there
are four odoriser stations which are in Kulai, Senai, Permas Jaya and
Pasir Gudang, with a total capacity of 177,100 (sm2/Hr).
Table 14.39: Odouriser Stations and its Capacity
Location
Odoriser Station
Capacity (sm2/Hr)
Johor Bahru
Permas Jaya Odoriser Station
Senai
Senai Odoriser Station
8,100
Kulai
Kulai Odoriser Station
29,000
Pasir Gudang
Pasir Gudang Odoriser Station
70,000
70,000
TOTAL
177,100
Source: Gas Malaysia Berhad, 2003
B. Supply and Demand

Source: Gas Malaysia Berhad
The supply and distribution of gas for commercial purposes is fairly

advanced, with gas being supplied via pipelines to factories and other
gas consumers. Natural gas is distributed by Gas Malaysia Berhad
through a medium pressure piping system placed along road reserves.
The natural gas is obtained from the Petronas Supply Centre in the east
coast of Malaysia and these pipes run to the southern region of Johor,
supplying gas to Johor Bahru, Pasir Gudang and Singapore.
Demand for gas is currently quite low and expected to remain so.
Demand for gas in year 2010 is projected at only 88 units (cubic metre).
Table 14.40: Projected Demand for Gas (cubic metre)
Sector
Plentong,
Tebrau,
Larkin,
Tampoi
Domestic
Commercial
34
44
57
75
Industry
19
30
39
51
66
Domestic
Commercial
Industry
14
18
24
31
Domestic
Commercial
Industry
Domestic
Commercial
Industry
11
14
44
88
115
149
194
Senai
This study of gas supply and distribution in the SJER area mainly
concentrates on the consumption of gas by the housing, commercial
and industrial sectors.
Kulai
Pasir
Gudang
TOTAL
2002
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Location
Sources: Gas Malaysia Berhad, 2003
14 - 25
SECTION B
C. System Development
D. Gas Supply Strategies
The following recommendations are proposed:
It is recommended that a strategic plan should be prepared by SJER
Provide gas piping system for all sectors (industrial, commercial

and residential);
Extend area of coverage for City Gas System; and
Gas pipes should use the common service utility tunnel.
to identify all the utility providers. The gas distribution system should
cover major development areas such as Tanjung Pelepas Port, Pasir
Gudang Port, Johor Bahru City Centre and Senai Cargo Hub, as well as
supporting development areas, such Bandar Nusajaya and Danga Bay.
SJER should promote the use of piped gas in new development areas,
As a minimum, Gas Malaysia should implement a gas piping network in
especially for high-rise housing, mixed use development projects and
future large developments. A comprehensive piping system in housing
projects within 2 km of the existing reserve pipeline. Pipelines should
areas should also be promoted.
also be connected to Bandar Nusajaya, Pasir Gudang Port and PTP

to support these mega township developments. Common trenching
should be used where possible, to be implemented in stages, so that
future maintenance work or upgrades can be done systematically
without digging up roads.
14 - 26

Figure 14.7: Drainage, Solid Waste and Sewerage
14 - 27
SECTION B
Figure 14.8: Telecommunication, Water Supply, Gas Supply and Power Supply Facilities
14 - 28

Chapter14 - Urban Infrastructure

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Section B Planning and Implementation

Part 4 Infrastructure Development Initiatives

Planning for demand infrastructure planning needs to be based

quality living environment.

The services should be efcient, reliable and integrated, making use of

development to meet the growth of SJER.

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

14.3 Power Supply

B. Current Main Substation and Capacity

The provision of sufcient and uninterrupted electric power is essential to

Ensure sufcient supply of power to cater for the growth of

on Table 14.2, the capacity of 23 main intake substations could meet

To ensure that the reliability of power within SJER meets the

A. Enhance the Reliability of Power Supply

Table 14.1: Performance Of The Electricity Supply Services

Majlis Daerah Kulai

System Average Interruption Frequency Indexes (SAIFI) from 1.11

Source: Report on The Performance Of The Electricity Supply Services In

Report on The Performance Of The Electricity Supply Services In

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4

Main Sub Station (PMU) 132/22 kV Kangkar Tebrau

Source : Regional Load Forecast and Load Desegregation Report, 1997-2009

Demand for power is projected based on future projections for

Table 14.3: Demand of Power Supply Compared to The Capacity

(housing, commercial, industry and street lightings).

demand. The reserve margin needs to be maintained at a minimum of

TNBs coverage should extend to 100% of SJER and be sufcient to meet

Source: SJER CDP 2025

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

Table 14.4: Projection of Power Supply Demand for SJER, 2000-2025

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4

E. Main substation Intake (PMU)

identied and implemented to ensure future maintenance or capacity

14.5 Renewable Energy/Alternative Power Source

..:To supplement the conventional supply of energy, new sources

such as renewable energy will be encouraged. In this regards the fuel

extended to include renewable energy as the fth fuel, particularly

biomass, biogas, municipal waste, mini-hydro and solar. Of these,

should be formed to coordinate this. Detailed utility reserves should be

It is proposed that common trenching or utility tunnels be adopted

Table 14.5: Committed Sub-station (PMU) in SJER

will be used on a wider basis, mainly for electrical generation. Other

SJER will promote the use of Renewable Energy in all new

development projects especially large townships and ofce

and commercial buildings within the SEC.

New, environmental-friendly methods of generating electricity such

Source: SJER CDP 2025

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

14.6 Water Supply

Table 14.7: Existing SJER Water Supply

Water Supply (mld)

The current supply of water is adequate in meeting the needs of SJER,

with a reserve of about 100%.

Sg. Johor - Stage 2

Heavy industries in Pasir Gudang, new industries in Nusajaya and other

Lower Pulai Treatment Plant

industrial areas, as well as the associated population increase will

Sg. Johor - Stage 3

Sayong Treatment Plant

transmission, and storage and distribution network) be augmented

Source: SJER CDP 2025

D. Non-Revenue Water (NRW)

Ensure a reliable source of high quality water and preserve